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The Evaluation of Reproduction in Bactrian Camels (Camelus bactrianus) and the Possibilities of Using Non-invasive Methods for Detection of Heat and Pregnancy
Fedorova, Tamara ; Lukešová, Daniela (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
Camels are important husbandry animals which are also often bred in zoological gardens. Unfortunately, camels in European zoos are not usually trained and pregnancy diagnosis in a half-tamed camel is very difficult. Moreover, information of the maternal behaviour of camels is limited. This thesis reviewed current knowledge on camel husbandry, reproduction and behaviour and aimed to 1) examine non-invasive methods of heat and pregnancy diagnosis from urine and saliva in camels kept in zoological gardens; 2) explore their maternal and suckling behaviour; 3) describe experiences with artificial rearing of camel calves. The research into non-invasive pregnancy diagnosis was carried out from 2010 to 2012. Urine from 14 camel females kept in four European zoological gardens was collected and tested using two chemical tests -- the Cuboni reaction and barium chloride test. The Cuboni reaction was significantly (p < 0.01) affected by the pregnancy status of female camels, and its accuracy increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the period leading up to parturition. The barium chloride test did not provide reliable results. Next, the saliva of five adult female camels was sampled for more than one year and concentrations of progesterone (P4) and oestradiol (E2) were measured. The concentrations of P4 (n = 312) and E2 (n = 310) were both significantly (p < 0.0001) affected by the pregnancy status of the animals. Maternal and suckling behaviour was observed from 2003 to 2009 in six zoological gardens, and the presented study includes partial data from this period. Allosuckling (i.e. when a female nurses a non-filial offspring) was described for the first time in camels and it represented 8.58% of all suckling bouts. The non-filial calves suckled more often in the lateral position and preferably joined the filial calf when suckling, so the results support the 'milk theft' hypothesis (stealing of milk) as a main cause of this behaviour. Finally, calf rearing in the Prague zoological garden was summarised and two camel calves were successfully artificially reared. This PhD thesis concluded that 1) the Cuboni reaction with urine and salivary P4 and E2 measurements are suitable methods for pregnancy diagnosis in half-tamed female camels; 2) allosuckling is relatively common in captive Bactrian camels; 3) the artificial rearing of camel calves with a calf milk replacer can be successful.
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Transformation of FINCA Programs into Micro-banks and Influence of the NGOs (Mexico, FIPS A.C. and Czechs´activities).
Drašarová, Martina ; Banout, Jan (advisor) ; Irena, Irena (referee)
Microfinance has been seen as a key tool for poverty reduction in developing countries. Target groups of microfinance are very poor people who have no access to any financial resources and need loans. Microcredits help the poor in running their small businesses or in a creation of its own job opportunities. The loans are often embezzlemented, are not financial sustainable in the long term, and are frequently critised. The question is if microfinance is real universal cure and which influence has on elimination poverty and social even economical effect. It also considers a perspective of model preferences focused on business (conditional high interests, possibility to contact intermediaters, gaining easier access into external financial sources) or a charity (more resistant to crisis thanks to using internal financial sources). In general, Latin America has excellent conditions for microfinance; the macro-economic growth which countries in Latin America had shown during the last decades set up advantageous conditions for well-known microfinance institutions and its development. Microfinance sector contributes by its profits to the common financial institutions which have already got a significant position in the market. In principle, Mexico struggles for better conditions for the poorest class of the population and due to this fact offers products of microcredits as the assistance to start-up small businesses. From the economic point of view, Mexico tries to be much more self-sufficient and sustainable. Microfinance institutions earn regularly an undisputed importance in the process of regional expansion, representing a crucial factor in the alleviation of poverty likewise insecurity for large segments of the inhabitants. The work is based on information from relevant sources that can easily identify the current status of microfinance. This thesis researches the microfinancial sector and the program FINCA (Foundation for International Community Assistance), including causing non-governmental organizations in Mexico. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the current situation of functioning microfinance sector in selected Mexican states as well as to identify impacts of microfinance activities in this country. It describes microfinance sector due to its lack of opportunities to gain microcredit. Credit distribution and its awareness about these services is passed. Administrative procedures are difficult and information shortage restricts credit accessibility. This leads more in usage informal sector, based on family members or groups. The paper demonstrates suggestions for improving and operating in this sector that might be involved in legal framework for microfinance in Mexico.
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Application of mathematical models for simulation of hydrological conditions in selected streams
Kurková, Marie ; Vašků, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Michal, Michal (referee)
Flood is a natural phenomenon that occurs at different intensities and irregular time intervals. As to natural disasters, floods represent the greatest direct threat for the Czech Republic. They may cause serious critical situations during which not only extensive material damages are done, but may bring also losses of the lives of inhabitants in affected areas as well as vast devastation of cultural landscape including environmental damages. Important from the viewpoint of the elimination of potential threats and consequences of such events is the information issued by flood forecasting service about the character and size of flood areas for individual N-year flood discharges and specific flood scenarios. An adequate image of depths and flow rates in the longitudinal or cross profile of the watercourse during a flood event is provided by the hydrodynamic model. This is why the information obtained from the hydrodynamic models occupies a privileged position from the viewpoint of the protection of citizens' lives and mitigation of damage to their property. The first study is situated on the river Úhlava in meadows by Příchovice near the town Přeštice. The proposal of flood-protection measures is contained in Territorial control documentation. The documentation was elaborated on the basis of hydraulic calculations and experiences from the flood in August 2002. The mathematical model is practically used in the study of analysis of proposed flood-protection measures. The analysis is based on mathematical simulation of water outflow and water level on the river Úhlava. It is possible to use the non-commercial software Hec-Ras, version 3.1.1., for the simulation itself. One of the points of view of the possibility of using proposed flood-protection measures is total efficiency. The mathematical model is posssible to use as a basis of support for realization of proposed flood-protection measures on the river Úhlava in meadows by Příchovice within the grant programme "Program prevence před povodněmi II" under the control of the Ministry of Agriculture. In the second case the mathematical model is practically used in the study of hydrotechnical analysis of streams in cadastral unit. The analysis is based on matjematical simulation of water outflow and water level on chosen streams. It is possible to use the noncomercial software HEC-RAS for the own simulation. The analysis should be shown on dangerous places in the interest place. The mathematical model is possible of using to use as basis for revaluation of action in spatial plan or for view of the flood-protection measures in the village Mochtín. Basic input into the hydrodynamic models is represented by altimetry data. One of ways to obtain such data is through the method of aerial laser scanning (ALS) from the digital relief model (DRM). This method is considered one of the most accurate methods for obtaining altimetry data. Its bottleneck is however incapacity of recording terrain geometry under water surface due to the fact that laser beam is absorbed by water mass. The absence of geometric data on watercourse discharge area may perceptibly affect results of modelling, especially if a missing part of the channel represents a significant discharge area with its capacity. One of methods for eliminating the deficiency is a sufficient channel recess by means of software tools such as CroSolver. The third submitted paper deals with the construction of a hydrodynamic model using 5th generation DRM data, and compares outputs from this model at various discharges with a model based on the altimetry data modified by using the CroSolver tool. Outputs from the two hydrodynamic models are compared in HEC-RAS programme with the use of recessed data and with the use of unmodified DRM. The comparison is done on the sections of two watercourses with different terrain morphology and watercourse size. A complementary output is the comparison of inundation areas issuing from both model variants. Our results indicate that differences in the outputs are significant namely in the lower discharges (Q1, Q5) whereas for Q50 and Q100 the difference is negligible with a great role being played by morphology of the modelled area and by the watercourse size.
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Imputation of missing genetic markers SNP
Kranjčevičová, Anita ; Přibyl, Josef (advisor) ; Jindřich, Jindřich (referee)
Working with genomic information in cattle breeding has become a standard procedure. This study is focused on completion of missing genetic markers - SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) - on genetic chips. More specifically completion of missing values in datasets which contain pieces of information about SNP occurence in cattle genome. These polymorfisms are used for evaluation of genomic relationship, prediction of genomic breeding values and for the valuation of tested animals. The most common chips used for genotyping are Illumina and Affymetrix. Each company develops its own techniques of genotype obtaining. Affymetrix has unified coding type of SNPs among chips of different generations and thus even older data can be used. Illumina uses many coding types between different generations of chips. Thus, direct comparison of SNPs is not possible. Illumina has chips of different density and financial costingness. Illumina chips have become a standard all over the world and it is used by all breeding companies. The most used software programs for imputations are Beagle, AlphaImpute, Impute 2, FindHap, DAGPHASE, FImputePedImpute and MaCH. Each software requires a relationship between genotyped individuals. In common breeding business the genotyping is not in train of generations. That is why our own methodological process was used. The aim of this study is to map the current research about the completion of missing genetic markers on genetic chips and to verify the calculation process. In total, it was created 8 models with different amount of tested SNPs. From 10 to 100 neighbouring loci was tested. The testing was processed at chosen loci in two datasets. Dataset A contained 260 bull genotypes of different breeds from the Czech Republic. Dataset B contained 3982 genotypes of pure Holstein bulls from nine countries. In the first case a very good results were obtained. The prediction of missing values was almost accurate with model reliability 100%. The only exception was for almost entirely homozygous loci where the reliability reached only 55%. When the second dataset was tested, the most extensive model reached the reliability of 80 90% even in case of homozygous loci. The prediction error value was higher than in the first case. It was proven that missing values prediction is possible to calculate using the neighbouring SNPs. The outputs of this study are to be the base for further study of genomic data.
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Marketing on social networks
Kadečková, Anna ; Štůsek, Jaromír (advisor) ; Gunzenova, Galina (referee)
The bachelor´s thesis is focused on marketing communications on social networks in recruitment agency OPENN. The work is composed of three parts: literature review, own work and draft recommendations. The first part describes the basic concepts of marketing, marketing mix and communication mix, whose tools are used to successful marketing on social networks. Among other things, thesis informs on major social networks, including Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Google+, YouTube and Instagram. It further outlines the popularity of social networking among users and companies in the Czech Republic. In own part of work is briefly characterized company OPENN, her history and the list services it provides. Subsequently is dismantled marketing of company on the social networks. The results are compared with three small recruitment agencies that are active on social networks. To improve activity of recruitment agency OPENN on social networks, was also conducted a questionnaire survey among candidates applying for a job. The result is finding the use of social networking by people who are moving into the labor market and the use of social networks by other companies in the search for candidates. Based on the information is proposed a possible recommendations that could help the company better visibility on social networks.
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Selected factors affecting the performance of racehorses
Jirásková, Petra ; Vostrý, Luboš (advisor) ; Karel, Karel (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the selection of most significant factors influencing the performance of racehorses and a subsequent analysis of selected factors in terms of influence on the performance of racehorses in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the scientific hypothesis was that the obtained databases would allow for an exact analysis of the influence concerning selected factors (gender, age, season of birth and others) on the performance of racehorses in the Czech Republic
The horses´ performance depends on a larger number of factors, which can be divided into two groups. The first group is the internal factors (genetic preconditions, build, constitution, temperament and character) and the second group is external factors, i.e. factors influenced by the environment and independent of a horse. The conditions of the environment along with the horses´genotype influence horses´performace the most.
There is a wide range of external factors, e.g. season in which the horse was born, weight at birth, rearing of a foal, preventative health care, nutrition, moving regime, training, conditions of a particular race, the impact of age and gender.
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the influence of selected factors on the performance. The general handicap has been used as the basic indicator of performance in individual horses, which is the performance evaluation of a horse in races in a particular year. The final database has been created in Excel, in which some calculations and graphs have been carried out as well. The very statistical processing has been done in the R program.
The influence of the birth season, gender and age on the horses´ performance has been gradually evaluated. It has been found that in two-year horses the birth period significantly influences the age when starting races for the first time (i.e. the later the horses were born, the earlier they were able to start racing). Moreover, a connection between the amount of prize money and the gender in two-year horses has been found, with mares reaching higher prize money. A lower number of days from the birth to the first start in a race has been found in mares. An interesting connection has been found between the age of the first start and the general handicap rate (participating in the first race at the age of two had a positive influence on the handicap rate at the age of three.)
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Optimization of Transportation Routes between a Chosen Company and Its Clients
Kolka, Michal ; Kučera, Petr (advisor) ; Temirkhanov, Maxat (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with optimization of traffic routes, that is particularly regular supplies of the Almms s.r.o. company. In the theoretical part, there is explained the term of logistics. The next topic is graph theory, which is important for demarcation of the rest of the theoretical part. Main part of the work is a Travelling Salesman Problem, which is specified in the thesis including the use of approximation methods. The Multi-circuit transport problem is associated with the topic as well. The solution of this task is to put together a specific circuit tasks.
In the last part of the thesis, there is the processing of a specific problem itself on a chosen subject. Then follows the detailed analysis of the established routes. In the beginning, there are created the circuit routes with the using of Mayer´s method and then there are applicated approximation methods on the new gained circuits for their optimization. From the obtained results, there is a conclusion, picking of a new obtained routes and comparison them with the established ones.
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Regional gastronomy as the part of regional development activities viewed by young generation (the case of one vocational hotel management school)
Eretová, Jiřina ; Lošťák, Michal (advisor)
Work first approach a literary review the question of linking regional development and rural and regional food concept (or. As well as other alternative food chains). On this basis, the survey conducted among the students selected hotel schools. Since it is expected that graduates of schools of this type will work in restaurants, work will investigate their relationship to regional foodstuffs which may affect the future direction of the business in which they work, but also the actual development of the region where they operate. As a supplementary data collection technique will be used, structured interviews, which should show how the school works with his students in relation to regional food. After collecting and processing the results of the statistical program, will be followed by their analysis and interpretation, which should result in conclusions and recommendations to the school (learning how to navigate that its outputs were beneficial to the school (learning how to navigate that its outputs are beneficial to region in which the school is located).
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Optimization of delivery precincts routes
Suchý, Pavel ; Kučera, Petr (advisor) ; Houška, Milan (referee)
The aim is to optimize the selected route for the given Czech Post Office.
For the purpose of optimization approximation methods - focusing primarily to minimize the total distance and costs of their own transportation were used.
According to the amount of input data, which was avalaible, the optimation model cases (examples) in the system of contracting authority were evalueted.
The success of each method was compared, and the software solution was done.
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Managerial skills
Švandová, Jitka ; Kříž, Josef (advisor) ; Miloslav, Miloslav (referee)
This thesis pays attention to managing skills and their influence on a working performance. The purpose of each organization is focused on the highest possible productivity. Highly competent and qualified managers are necessary in order to reach this goal.
The first part of the thesis includes theoretical foundations based on the expert bibliography. The main terms concerning the management and the performance are described here. It includes the definition of the term "the manager" and what his/her skills, roles and tasks are.
Further the Česká správa sociálního zabezpečení (the Czech Social Services, state organization) organization is described here. The analysis of a questionnaire concerning the management skills and their level and importance for the organization and the working performance follows.
The final part of the thesis describes the conclusions of the questionnaire and the recommendations of what management skills are recommended to be improved in order to increase the productivity of the organization.
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