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Evaluation of reproductive parameters in a herd of pigs
Houdek, Tomáš ; Čítek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Miloslav, Miloslav (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to choose important reproductive parameters of sows from the available data, according to which it would be possible to statistically evaluate achieved reproductive level of analysed breed. It is necessary to define these parameters as accurately as possible with the shortest time required for measuring and collecting data.
In the reproductive company SPV Plevnice were chosen 110 sows from different litters for the purpose of experiment. The day of weaning was on the 5th August 2015 and the sows were separated into 8 groups according to the order of actual litter, sow genotype and boar genotype, used for sow insemination. 13 basic reproductive parameters and 10 reproductive parameters reflecting sow genotype (BLBA x BAL) and boar genotype (4 breeds) BLBA = Czech large white x Landrace x Topigs, BAL = Czech large white x Landrase x Topigs x DanBred.
The average value of born company piglets was 13,94. More specifically, total number of livebirths was 13,25 and total number of stillbirths was 0,68, which represents 4,88% of whole litter. Average number of weaned piglets per one sow and one litter was 12,16 with the loss of 1,06 piglet and statistical signifikance of risk and producing (p = 0,0436). The pregnancy rate after the first insemination reaches 89,82% and is influenced by average number of unproductive days 10,84 days. All these factors (including average lactation period of 27,06 days) forms meantime (154,03) with turnover 2,37 litters per year. As the most important factor is considered the indicator of weaned piglets per year, which in this case reaches 28,82 piglets/sow per year. In the next chapter there were given parameters in the term of old sow BLBA genotype and BAL genotype compared.
In the next chapter the same comparation was used for boars. The impact of the breed was the best at sows of the last reproductive season, when the best boar L1536 had the highest number of livebirths with the average breeding loss (-1,1) 12,28 weaned piglets. Practically the same results had L1538 boar. However, in this case the number of livebirths was very low, so that the number of nurse sows was higher. The youngest L25 boar has the highest number of livebirths/sow per year, however concurrently the highest losses to weaning and therefore least weaned piglets in comparison with other boars. In terms of the distribution of the season, the worst results for the summer season (12.7 piglets born alive / litter).
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Relationship between body condition and production traits in cattle
Smolíková, Barbora ; Hofmanová, Barbora (advisor) ; Majzlík, Ivan (referee)
This thesis summarizes findings from research on influence of the body condition on production traits in cattle. The body condition is indirect indicator of negative energy balance and it has informational character about overall conformation of a cow. Managing body condition allows to influencing production traits. Lower body condition score is associated with higher milk yield, though the content of milk components (fat, protein, lactose) is in positive correlation with higher body condition. This is reflected especially in high yielding cows that have low body condition and high milk production, but problems with reproduction. Mature size, muscularity and fertility positive correlate with body condition. Increasing body condition improves reproductive performance. Particularly open days seem to be a great indicator of total herd fertility. Too thin or fat cows have lower efficiency. However it is necessary look out body condition more in thin cows, where worse efficiency is more shown and health problems threaten.
Results of studies indicate that it is possible to use body condition score as selection criteria for indirect improvement of some traits. Optimal body condition can improve economic viability of cattle breeding.
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Analysis of dairy sector
Lukyanov, Nikita ; Mach, Jiří (advisor) ; Slaboch, Josef (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the assessment and analysis of dairy sector in the Czech republic and consists of two main parts - theoretical and practical.The theoretical part presents the fundamental knowledge about milk as food,its production and consumption in the Czech republic before joining the European Union and in the present.It will also be devoted to economic analysis and concepts associated with it : the costs,revenues,results of operations and profitability.
The search is based on an analysis of various economic indicators and the results of the CULS Farm Estate Lany during the reporting period.There are then compared with the national average milk production.The practical part is a brief description of the company,which describes the activity,internal resources of the company at the present and agricultural production which is divided into crop and livestock production.
The conclusion of this thesis present a brief assessment of the sector, based on the profit reporting CULS Farm Estate Lany and the current market situation in milk production in the Czech republic.
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Performance evaluation in ecological breeding in sheep
Camfrlová, Veronika ; Fantová, Milena (advisor) ; Ptáček, Martin (referee)
This thesis looks at the issue of organic agriculture, and focuses on sheep farming. The standard methods by which sheep are farmed, in particular pasture grazing, lend themselves to organic farming. The objective of this bachelor thesis is to collect information looking in particular at numbers of sheep reared, herd size, composition breeds, animal yield, i.e. the current status of organic sheep farming in the Czech Republic and the European Union. It will also characterise the type of sheep by purpose and selected breeds suitable for rearing on organic farms. Knowledge of farming techniques and technologies, sheep nutrition, veterinary problems and reproductive problems are also essential for sheep farming.
In many ways, organic sheep farming does not differ much from conventional farming. It is typical to keep to certain conditions and restrictions for such farms, but in regard to the environment and overall level of husbandry, these restrictions are certainly justifiable.
Part of the thesis looks at sheep ethology, because the breeder must set the technique and technologies of animal husbandry taking account of natural behaviours and expressions, thus securing the welfare. Welfare can also be affected by inappropriate handling of animals, which is why they should be treated in the right manner to minimise stress.
The objective of the thesis is to assess the performance of organic sheep farming, which according to results available is at a good level. This is just an approximate claim, however, because results of performance inspections are not held separately. Animal husbandry economics relates to performance, and can be supported by the availability of grants. Organic sheep farming does not require any particularly economically challenging inputs, has prospects, and if reproductive and production indicators continue to improve, then this type of farming can be economically profitable.
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Monitoring of sheep in the West Bohemian region of the Czech Republic
Vaštová, Anna ; Fantová, Milena (advisor) ; Ptáček, Martin (referee)
This work is divided into two parts and focuses on breeds which are kept in west of the Czech Republic. First part is dedicated to importance of sheep breeding. In this part the work is also focused mainly on meat, milk and wool as main commodities. The work occupied with system of sheep breeding as well, e.g. chalet system, and it describes different kinds of their raising. One part is also dedicated to history focused on increasing population in the Czech Republic and change in structure of breeds during certain periods. Very important is transition of breeds in 20th century.
The other chapters focus on breeds raised in the west of Czech Republic and their characteristic. There are seven breeds, which are analysed deeper and which are, speaking about population, more important. We are talking about breeds such as lacaune, dairy breed, charollais and suffolk, meat breeds, bergschaf, merinolandschaf and romney, combined breeds. There are also briefly described the problems of housing, nutrition and veterinary issues.
In the second part work focuses on current situation of sheep breeding and its population. There are raised mainly Šumava sheep, whose have rich tradition, in the west of Czech Republic. We found there 1168 female. The work is also mentioning pasturing CHKO and NP, which became integral to these districts.
The last chapter is dedicated to efficiency of sheep breeding and specially control over efficiency of milk breeds, such as lacaune, and control over efficiency of population growth, fertility and production of wool.
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Analýza chovu skotu v Libereckém kraji
TLUSTÁ, Tereza
A cattle breeding in the Liberec Region had a long tradition; in the second half of the 20th century there were kept over 100 000 heads. Nowadays is a state of the breeded cattle nearly half. The aim of this work is to find informations about a number of heads and about a productivity (a fertility, a dairy and a meat yield) of their herds from breeders. Further to compare these informations with a diameter of the Czech Republic and with the re-sults in yearbooks and other literature. A breeding technology and main cattle productivities the milk production and the meat production and related reproduction are shortly mentioned in the theoritical part of the work. Also there are specified natural and historical conditions for an agri-culture in the Liberec Region and a couple of breeds. The informations from selected breeds of the Liberec Region are worked out in the practical part of the work. The details are put into tables and graphs and compared with the results of the whole Liberec Region and with the nationwide diameter of the Czech Republic. A number of cattle in the Liberec Region raised again after a fall in 2012, in 2015 was the number of heads higher than in 2011 (before the decrease). The develop-ment of the number of cattle in Liberec Region copies an average nationwide deve-lopment. A growth of the number was registered in 8 of 9 selected breeds in last years. The cattle productivity results of the Liberec Region are a little lower than the nationwide diameter. There was registered a gradual growth in most of productive and reproductive features, faster than the diameter's growth. If this positive growth trend will continue, the productivity of the Liberec Region would achieve the diameter of the Czech Republic in next years. The productivity of the choosen breeds are above the average in the region; in some indexes are higher than the results of the Czech Republic.
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Porovnání vlivu lupiny bílé a lupiny úzkolisté v krmné směsi na užitkovost a zdravotní stav brojlerových králíků
PŘÍDOVÁ, Lenka
It has been proven that white lupine seeds (WLS) is a suitable crude protein (CP) source for growing-fattening rabbits, as well as for the lactating rabbit does. There are no reports, however, in the literature regarding the effect of blue lupine seeds (BLS) on rabbit doe milk production and composition as well as the growth of their litters. Therefore, the aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the effect of lactation and weaning diets based on BLS (Lupinus angustifolius cv Probor) on milk yield and milk composition of the rabbit does, as well as on growth performance and carcass quality of their progeny. Two lactation diets (LLB and LLU, having identical DP/DE ratio) and two weaning diets (VLB and VLU, having identical DP/DE ratio) were formulated. The LLB diet (control) contained WLS (25.0%) as the main CP sources, whereas the LLU diet was based on BLS (28.5%). As a result, the LLB diet had slightly greater ether extract content than did the LLU diet. The VLB diet (control) included WLS (12.0%) as the main CP source, whereas the VLU diet was based on BLS (15.0%). No additional fat was added to any of the diets. A total of 32 Hyplus rabbit does (16 animals per treatment; at the 3rd parturition) were fed 1 of the 2 lactation diets during the entire lactation (35 days). Does were housed in modified cages which allowed controlled suckling (once a day at 7 am) and separate access of does and their litters to feed. Feed intake and milk yield were measured daily during the entire lactation period, whereas litter weight was measured every 7 d. Milk yield was measured by weighing the rabbit does immediately before and after suckling. Five does of each group were used to evaluate milk composition. Milk was collected manually at d 21 of lactation. The litters were standardized to 9 kits on the day of birth. Litters were offered weaning diets with the same CP source as in the lactation diet of their mothers from d 17 to 80 of age. At d 37 of age (weaning), 99 rabbits on each weaning diet were used to evaluate growth performance and health. Feed intake, feed efficiency and milk production of does (on average 263 g/d) were not affected by dietary treatments, as well as milk efficiency (on average 0.59) and the growth of their litters (on average 30.4 g/d per rabbit). Live weight at weaning (P=0.005), milk dry matter (P=0.028) and fat contents (P=0.016), as well as fat output per kg of metabolic weight (P<0.001) were higher in does fed the WLS diet. After weaning, final live weight (by 168 g; P=0.061), average daily weight gain (by 3 g/d; P=0,024) and carcass weights were lower in rabbits fed the diet based on BLS than in those fed with the WLS diet. The number of ill + dead rabbits caused by digestive disease was lower (23 rabbits vs. 38 rabbits; P=0.042) in rabbits fed the diet based on WLS. The results of the diploma thesis confirmed that WLS is a suitable CP source for the rabbit diets. Negative findings such as a higher mobilisation of body reserves of does in the later phase of lactation, as well as the lower final live weight and the higher sanitary risk index of rabbits fed the diets based on blue lupine seeds suggest difference between lupine species in terms of feed efficiency. These findings should be elucidated and confirmed by the comparing with other blue lupine varieties.
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Technika a technologie v moderních chovech skotu
HORÁČEK, Adam
This thesis deals with techniques and technologies used in modern cattle breeding. The literature search is focused on contemporary trends of technological systems and mechanization in cattle breeding, an overview of the largest manufacturers and comparing the availability of technology between Czech and foreign market. The practical part is focused on the selection of two objects of the same category, their characteristics and comparing of these objects at the results of the work.
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Analýza užitkových vlastností základního stáda prasnic.
KORABIKOVÁ, Xenie
The aim of the paper is to evaluate the status of breeding work in the reserve stock for selective breeding in Czech Landrace pigs. Evaluation covers the reproductive and productive indicators. The sows of the base stock are split into four groups by age structure: gilts, sows with risk litters, sows with production litters and sows with litter 6 or more. Evaluation covers reproductive indicators, i.e. fertility (number of piglets born, number of live-born piglets and number of surviving piglets) and milk production. The enterprise under evaluation achieved an average of 13 live-born piglets and 11 surviving piglets per sow and litter; the farrowing interval is seven days longer compared with what is normally reported as the best time. Evaluation covers the results of individual performance in gilts and male pigs according to the methodology for field tests. For individual performance, the assessment covers the average daily gain (g), the average backfat thickness (mm) and lean meat percentage (%). The herd shows a smaller gain, while backfat thickness and lean meat percentage is comparable with the population. Key words: Number of piglets, sow, fertility, performance
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Vliv změny prostředí na dlouhověkost a produkci mléka krav českého strakatého skotu ve vybraném chovu
Poláková, Lenka
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of environmental changes on longevity and milk production of cows Czech Fleckvieh cattle in selected breeding. The work focused on the comparison parameters milk production, longevity reasons decommissioning cows and lactation on which the cows were excluded. Within one company were monitored two groups of cows. The first group of cows was monitored in the original stabling. The second group consisted of pregnant heifers whose milk production have been monitored in subsequent years. They were removed to new stabling among cows of Holstein cattle. Each of the groups had different environmental conditions, treatment and different feed ration. Milk production and longevity of cows were evaluated in six years. In the framework of the obtained results it can be concluded that the change in the environment, treatment and feed ration were the main reason leading to the increase in the milk production of cows in the new location. Cows in the new stabling were mostly eliminated because of the reproductive disorder, milk production and other reasons (mortality, high age, diarrhea, poorly developed teats, bad condition).
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