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Využití kombinovaného hnojiva ve výživě řepky ozimé
Dundálek, Ladislav
The diploma thesis aimed to evaluate the effect of regeneratively applied combined fertilizer in the nutrition of oilseed rape. The experiment was established at two localities (Žabčice and Vatín) in the form of a small-plot field experiment carried out in the economic years 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. The following treatments were included in the experiment: unfertilized, control, FertiTOP 44 NPS, and FertiTOP 44 NPS in lower dose. The total dose of nitrogen applied in treatment FertiTOP NPS 44 (lower dose) was 130 kg/ha. Control treatment and FertiTop NPS 44 in full dose were based on the total dose of 168 kg/ha of N. In addition to nitrogen, sulfur was also applied as part of regenerative fertilization in control treatment. The following parameters were examined: yield, oil content, oil production, and economic evaluation. A statistically significant difference between the examined treatments was found for the yield and oil production parameters. Overall, the FertiTOP 44 NPS (full dose) treatment was evaluated as the most optimal option with the highest average yield of 3.81 t/ha recorded in the Vatín location. At the Žabčice location, this variant provided an average yield of 3.20 t/ha. This variant was evaluated for the second highest oil content in the Vatín locality (45.3%), but in the Žabčice locality, this variant provided lower oil content (40.7%). In terms of oil production, the FertiTOP 44 NPS (full dose) treatment showed the highest oil production at both locations. The application of FertiTOP 44 NPS resulted in the average oil production 1.72 t/ha in Vatín and 1.31 t/ha in Žabčice. The economic evaluation showed that application of FertiTOP 44 NPS resulted in increase of profit by 21.21% compared to the control treatment in the economic year 2020/2021. Similar result was observed in second year (2021/2022), but the increase in profit compared to the control variant was only 4.11%.
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Využití kombinovaného hnojiva ve výživě pšenice ozimé
Moravanský, Jakub
The aim of this work is the utilization of combined fertilizer in winter wheat nutrition. The experiment was conducted in two growing seasons (2020-2021; 2021-2022) at the experimental site in Žabčice. The examined fertilizer FertiTOP 44 NPS was applied in early spring in two doses (54 kg/ha N and 30 kg/ha N). As a control treatment, the common nitrogen technology was used with the application of LAD 27 fertilizer at a dose of 30 kg/ha N. Additional fertilization of every treatment during the vegetation was identical. (LAD 27: 65 kg/ha N; DAM 390: 40 kg/ha N). The application of the combined fertilizer FertiTOP 44 NPS in full dose positively influenced the growth, yield and grain quality of winter wheat. The plant analysis during the vegetation showed a statistically significant effect of fertilization by full dose of FertiTOP 44 NPS on dry weight. There was also increase in grain yield in both years under study (+0.6 t/ha in 2021; +0.3 t/ha in 2022). At the same time, the protein content increased (+0.5% in 2021; +1.1% in 2022). For gluten content, the results were similar to the control. For the sedimentation parameter, an increase was observed in both years (+3.5 ml in 2021; +7 ml in 2022). These results are indicating that the application of phosphorus, sulphur and trace elements in winter wheat nutrition improves the baking quality of the grain.
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Zhodnocení vývoje jakosti vody vybraných toků v povodí vodárenské nádrže Švihov na řece Želivce
Markovcová, Zuzana
The bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of water quality in selected watercourses in the Švihov water reservoir catchment area and compares the results with those from the catchment area of the Lučický stream, which is located outside the Švihov reservoir catchment area. The first part of the thesis is devoted to a literature review addressing the issue of water pollution, eutrophication, pesticides, individual nutrients, and related legislative regulations. The second part of the bachelor thesis contains a brief characterization of the Švihov water reservoir catchment area and the Lučický stream catchment area, a description of the methodology, and the results of the evaluation of water quality in selected watercourses. The processed results from the Švihov reservoir catchment area and the Lučický stream catchment area were compared in terms of management in protective zones and outside of them. The obtained results were evaluated based on Czech Standard 75 7221 and Government Regulation No. 401/2015 Coll., as amended. The results demonstrated a clear correlation between flow rate and the amount of pollutants transported, with significantly lower transport rates recorded in dry years than in hydrologically average years. Regarding pesticides, it was found that the parent substance was only present in water immediately after application to agricultural land, while metabolites were found in both water and soil permanently. At the same time, relatively high concentrations of a pesticide metabolite that cannot be used today were also recorded.
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Determination of selected elements in cereal flours and their gluten-free alternatives
Venclová, Veronika ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Nováková, Eliška (referee)
This study deals with the determination of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese and molybdenum in cereal gluten flours and its gluten-free alternatives. The flour samples were digested using a microwave device and the elements in solution were subsequently determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Optimization of the digestion of the selected flours was performer prior to the actual determination of the elements. The aim of the work was to determine the above listed elements in the flour samples and to establish a basic overview of the elemental composition of the different flours. This overview and comparison of the different flours is intended to help the people with celiac disease to choose gluten-free alternatives to wheat flour. Keywords Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, microwave digestion, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, wheat flour, gluten-free flours, celiac disease
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Aboveground litterfall fluxes of selected elements in central European temperate forest
Bašta, Jan ; Oulehle, Filip (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
5 Abstract Aboveground litterfall is the most important intrasystem flow in the temperate forest ecosystem. It is also the largest input flux to the soil surface for most of the macronutrients (N, P, Ca, Mg, K). However, under Central European conditions, studies on the magnitude of this flux in relation to elemental stocks are lacking. GEOMON Small Forest Catchment Network is used to investigate long-term trends in nutrient cycles in temperate forests of Central Europe and the human influence on them. As part of this network aboveground litterfall collectors were placed in 14 catchments at a total of 19 sites at the end of 2019. Litterfall was then collected bimonthly, weighed and sorted into different fractions. These fractions were analyzed to determine the concentration of the elements of interest. From these values, the fluxes of the elements in the aboveground litterfall were calculated. The observed values were compared with the characteristics of the individual sites and the element budgets in the catchments. The monitored elements can be ranked according to the size of the flux of the element through the aboveground litterfall in relation to other inputs of that element to the soil as follows: C, P, N, Ca, Mg and K. The average amount of aboveground litterfall in the GEOMON network is 4.6...
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Mineral nutrient transporters and root system efficiency
Schmidová, Dominika ; Tylová, Edita (advisor) ; Kobercová, Eliška (referee)
Plants are sessile organisms whose survival depends largely on the ability to ensure sufficient water and mineral nutrient uptake by the root system. To this end, plants have evolved specialised transport systems that ensure selective uptake of essential elements and also allow plants to adapt to varying soil nutrient concentrations. In terms of transport kinetics, mineral nutrient transporters are of two types - high-affinity and low-affinity. Depending on the nutrient concentration in the soil, plants can engage each type to maximise nutrient uptake. In addition to the efficient setup of transport processes at the membranes, there are other mechanisms in the plant to maximize the uptake of soil resources. These are mainly changes in the architecture of the root system. In addition to the systemic growth response, plants regulate root growth at the local level in response to uneven nutrient distribution in the soil. This response is limited to a specific part of the root system, which adapts to use that area as efficiently as possible. In addition to their transport function, mineral nutrient transporters also play a sensory role in the regulation of localised root growth. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe the uptake mechanism of the important essential macronutrients, nitrogen,...
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Synthesis of self-immolative linkers suitable for bioconjugation
Taraj, Lukáš ; Baszczyňski, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jindřich, Jindřich (referee)
Self-immolative (SI) linkers are chemical constructs that undergo controlled self- fragmentation based on an appropriate stimulus, e.g., activation by light or a chemical agent. SI linkers are used in the targeted delivery of drugs, in the construction of probes for biochemistry, or in various polymers. The aim of the thesis will be the synthesis of new phosphorus-based SI linkers, which will contain a reactive chemical function for conjugation with thiols. Such a function will be, for example, a vinyl phosphonate or alkynyl phosphonate group. The aim of the work will be to examine the synthesis, self-immolation, stability, and the possibility of conjugability of such linkers with thiols, e.g., cysteine, glutathione, etc. The content of the student's work will be the synthesis of SI linkers, analysis of the obtained data, planning and monitoring of chemical experiments, and writing the diploma thesis. Keywords: self-immolative, bioconjugation, phosphorus, drug delivery
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Uplatnění fosforu a draslíku na výnos a kvalitu kukuřice seté
Maňásek, Josef
Over the past 20 years the approach to fertilisation of most of the crops on agricultural land has changed considerably. Complex nutrition has unfortunately gradually changed into one-sided nitrogen fertilisation; to a very limited extent also applying phosphorus and potassium. Other macro-nutrients are usually used for fertilisation only very sporadically and on a long-term basis only more deepening the deficit of nutrients in the soil and decreasing the soil reaction (pH).
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