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Brain energy metabolism and its pathologies
Nová, Jana ; Telenský, Petr (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
The brain belongs amongst metabolically most active organs and disturbances of brain energy metabolism are commonly cited as a critical factor predisposing to neurodegeneration. Brain metabolic substrates must be strictly regulated both spatially and temporarily to ensure the energy homeostasis of the brain. Research on energy metabolism of the brain identified several models revealing the interdependence of metabolic processes in the CNS. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Effects of selected biologically active natural compounds on mammalian energy metabolism
Seďová, Karolína ; Flachs, Pavel (advisor) ; Doleželová, Šárka (referee)
Obesity is associated with many diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia , hyperglycemia and cardiovascular diseases. If a patient experiences at least a trio of these diseases are diagnosed metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of obesity and related diseases has increased at an alarming rate in recent years and has become a worldwide health problem. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Some minor components which are commonly found in our diet (eg some plant metabolites), directly or indirectly affect energy metabolism of our body and thus can reduce or even prevent developing health complications associated with the metabolic syndrome. This thesis, aims to clearly summarize the findings and results of scientific studies on selected plant metabolites occurring in extracts of specific plants that have preventive or therapeutic effects on obesity and other components of the metabolic syndrome. This work describes the use of these substances in the pharmaceutical industry and the food industry, the primary natural resources , and mechanisms of action , including effective doses. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Energy metabolism of heart at high altitude and during physical exercise
Flégrová, Eliška ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Heart is a highly oxidative tissue with the ability to modulate its energetic metabolism according to prevailing conditions of the organism. Stress conditions such as exercise and prolonged staying at high altitude induce a fetal gene programme leading to increased carbohydrate and decreased fatty acid utilization. It seems that mitochondrial fuction and the changes in redox state of the cell play a key role in activation of various transcriptional factors, mainly HIF-1α modulating expression of numerous signalling and metabolic pathways as well as changes in structural proteins in the heart. Activation of these mechanisms results in cardioprotective phenotype which increased the tolerance of the heart to acute lack of oxygen. Understanding the mechanisms of these adaptive changes is important for the development of tools that would help reduce the effects of acute myocardial infarction in humans.
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The role of mitochondrial metabolism in initiation and adaptation to hypoxic conditions.
Rohlenová, Terezie ; Novák, Petr (advisor) ; Rohlena, Jakub (referee)
We can meet pathological hypoxia in the cases of hearth attack, ischemic stroke, but also during tumor invasion, thanks to insufficient angiogenesis. The activation of HIF- 1 factor during hypoxic conditions is crucial for the cell survival. This factor modulates energetic metabolism in favor of fast progressing glycolysis (with the contribution of glutaminolysis) which provides to cell enough ATP and "building blocks", while suppressing Krebs cycle and respiration because of shortage of oxygen. The thesis studies energetic metabolism of HepG2 cells (derived from liver carcinoma) which are cultivated in the media with various energetic substrates, i. e. glucose or galactose (always together with glutamine and pyruvate) under the hypoxic conditions (5% O2). HepG2 cells use particularly oxidative metabolism for ATP and "building blocks" production under the normoxic conditions while hypoxic environment causes metabolic shift in glycemic condition. Interestingly, cells cultured in galactose (glutamine) didn't switch the energy metabolism from oxidative to aerobic glycolysis such as cells cultivated in glucose, although HIF-1 factor was stabilized. We found that enhanced activity and integrity of mitochondria, enhanced maximal capacity and reserve capacity of respiration chain correlates with...
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