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Evaluation of the effectiveness of available antiparasitics for selected animal species
Halda, Ondřej ; Lukešová, Daniela (advisor) ; Alica, Alica (referee)
This thesis was conducted as a literature review with research. On the basis of available resources, the theoretical part of the research was focused on describing the most frequently occurring endo and ectoparasites of dogs in the Czech Republic followed by partitioning antiparasitic veterinary drugs, based on their dosage forms, the active chemical bases and spectrum of activity. Objective of theoretical part was to get a a comprehensible list of registered products available in the Czech Republic, to facilitate the work of breeders and dog owners with the selection of antiparasitic veterinary drugs. Own research of the thesis focused on the evaluation of preferences for selecting antiparasitic products for dogs in the Czech Republic, dealt with collecting data through a questionnaire survey and followed by evaluation, result of which could be formulated actual requirements of veterinarians and breeders in the area of antiparasitic drugs. The data from two types of questionnaires that were distributed to fifty respondents from each group were compared. One type of questionnaire was designed for veterinary surgeons and sekond for dog breeders. The goal of this research was marketing research and evaluation of the results, followed by recommendations for manufacturers and distributors of veterinary medicinal products for which these data are useful to improve the sale and supply of drugs for the treatment. The resulting data show the main selection influencing preference anthelmintic veterinary surgeons was efficiency, price of veterinary drug and dosage form. Dog breeders make decisions on the basis of prices and the recommendations of the attending veterinarian. In the category of antiectoparasitic drug, veterinarians prefer efficacy and spot-on application form. Dog breeders follow the price of the product and efficacy.bio-security in the Czech Republic.
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Endo and Ectoparasites in working dogs
SRNCOVÁ, Štěpánka
The incidence of endo- and ectoparasites of dogs (especially working dogs) was observed in České Budějovice city and its surroundings. Dog faecal samples were collected for examination during December 2013 January 2015. The individual dogs were also checked for any other endo- and ectoparasites. The total of 176 individuals was examined. Of these, 27 were working dogs, 23 were dogs from shelters and 126 dogs were pets. Parasites were found in 33 dogs. Among positives, 27 individuals was infected with ectoparasites (5,68 % Ixodes ricinus, 1,7 % Otodectes cynotis, 0,57 % Cheyletiella yasguri and 6,82 % Ctenophalides ssp.) and 7 with endoparasites (2,27 % Toxocara canis, 0,57 % Trichuris vulpis and 1,14 % Dipylidium caninum).
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Factors regulating the expression and activity of digestive enzymes in the tick \kur{Ixodes ricinus}
KONVIČKOVÁ, Jitka
The intracellular proteolysis of ingested meal plays an essential role in tick development. The thesis focuses on the factors influencing the expressions and activities of digestive enzymes in Ixodes ricinus females during the feeding and post-feeding period. We have revealed the effect of fertilization on blood feeding and digestion. The females cannot reach the rapid engorgement phase without being fertilized. The rate of mated females in the nature proved the presumption that mating can occur even off the host. Implementation of in vitro feeding technique further extended our current knowledge about tick digestive apparatus. Adult females were fed on hemoglobin-rich and hemoglobin-poor diet and the mRNA expression levels of digestive proteases were determined. In line with obtained data, we assumed that albuminolysis is conducted by the same or similar pathway as hemoglobinolysis. The gene silencing method and protein immuno-detection were used to unequivocally identify the isoforms of 'early expressed' IrCL1 and 'late expressed' IrCL3 isoform of cathepsin L.
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Influence of dietary components and redox enzymes on intestinal microbiota proliferation in the tick \kur{Ixodes ricinus}
KUČERA, Matěj
In this work, we have analysed the temporal dynamics of gut-dwelling bacteria and Borrelia in the gut of the deer tick Ixodes ricinus. Using quantitative PCR, we have shown that levels of the tick intestinal microflora are profoundly decreased at later stages of feeding on whole blood but not on serum. Even though we noted that host complement system manages to interfere with Borrelia viability in vitro, we did not see any effect of host complement on Borrelia acquisition in adult ticks in vivo. However, we revealed that host hemoglobin is essential for Borrelia proliferation in the tick gut. All together, these data imply that, during feeding, levels of gut-dwelling bacteria and Borrelia are determined by the host. While hemoglobin seems to be detrimental for gut-dwelling bacteria, Borrelia require it in order to proliferate. During off-host stage, we showed that levels of gut-dwelling microflora are regulated by an intestinal transmembrane enzyme Dual oxidase. In conclusion, we aimed, and mostly succeeded, to perform pilot experiments describing the biology of a complex process of regulating gut microflora in the vector Ixodes ricinus and extend it by its impact on Borrelia acquisition
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Characterization and function of Factor C from the tick \kur{Ixodes ricinus}
HARTMANN, David
Factor C is a multi-domain serine protease which recognizes Gram-negative bacteria via binding to lipopolysaccharides and triggers hemolymph clotting cascade in the horseshoe crab. A closely related molecule was also found to be present in the genome of the tick Ixodes scapularis. In this work, the full sequence of Factor C ortholog from Ixodes ricinus (IrFC) was determined. IrFC is mainly expressed in tick hemocytes and the heavy chain of the activated molecules is present in tick hemolymph as confirmed by Western blotting with antibodies raised against recombinant fragments of IrFC. The function of the IrFC in tick innate immunity was assessed using its silencing by RNA interference.
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