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Eutrofizace povrchových vod
Kunze, David
This bachelor thesis deals with eutrophication of surface waters. People dramatically increase trophic conditions of water ecosystems. Attention is focused on phosphorus as a crucial nutrient for excessive growth of phytoplankton, especially cyanobacteria. Wastewaters are the main source of phosphorus. For this reason, wastewater treatment plants must use the best available techniques to eliminate phosphorus. Phosphorus will be a scarce resource. Author describes the possibilities for recycling of phosphorus. Measures to reduce eutrophication, including completed projects, are also mentioned. Nitrogen sources and the possibility of its removal, are discussed too. Measured concentrations of the basic indicators in representative profiles of river basins show the development of eutrophication in the Czech Republic. Finally, values of these indicators are compared with the limits set by current legislation.
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Stanovení a význam sloučenin fosforu ve vodním prostředí
Pfeifer, Lukáš
The bachelor thesis Determination and importance of phosphorus in the aquatic envi-ronment deals with familiarization with phosphorus and phosphates, which are present in water environment, and their evaluation. Phosphorus is important element playing significant role in formation of adenosinphosphates and membrane lipids. Its importance is described in the first part of the bachelor thesis. The second part deals with its collec-tion from number of places in southern Moravia and Vysočina from April to October 2018. These samples were then evaluated and compared with limits of surface waters according to Government Regulation no. 401/2015 Coll.
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Znečištění Dunaje, dopady na Černé moře
Hudcová, Aneta
The bachelor thesis deals with the state of the Danube River in terms of water pollution. The Danube is the second longest river in Europe and flows through ten states. Its major tributaries rise in several other countries. Each state pollutes the Danube and its basin with different sources and in different intensity. This is due to many factors but one of the most significant is economic development. The influence of anthropogenic activity on the river is highly reflected in the quality of the aquatic environment which also has a negative impact on the Black Sea. The high nitrogen and phosphorus content causes eutrophication which disrupts the entire Danube water ecosystem. Subsequently, the Black Sea ecosystem is also disturbed which is also facing this issue. The main aim of this thesis was to analyze the issue on the basis of literature in the first part and the second part focuses on the pollution of the river Danube in different ranges of years. It also sets out states that have the greatest share of this pollution. After comparing values that were evaluated from water abstraction from all the states, the state of the Danube is presented in percentage at the end. The pollution status of the Danube has improved in most cases. High pollution is mainly caused by the lower and middle Danube states.
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The Project of a Small Water Reservoir in the Níhov Cadastral Area
Matoušek, David ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Menšík, Pavel (advisor)
Diploma thesis ‚The project of a small water reservoir in the Níhov cadastral area’ has goal to introduce to reader the small water reservoir as the important landscape element. Small water reservoir is cornerstone of local ecological stability, which has important income for microclima in the closes surrounding. Furthermore, the function of constant improvement water quality in the basis or contribute to increasing of ground water level. Thesis is divided into two parts. In the first theoretical part thesis describes the topic of small water reservoirs briefly. The first part shortly describes the details of designing process or inner process within the reservoir. In the second practical part is created basic project documentation based on the data collected and measured in the affected area. The project was created in cooperation and upon request of investor the representation of the village Níhov.
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Ecological biomonitoring of peatlands - the NCV index, acidification and eutrophication
Henková Mauleová, Lucie ; Neustupa, Jiří (advisor) ; Šťastný, Jan (referee)
Biomonitoring is a method of ecosystem properties determination based on its biological properties, especially composition of the biota. Based on various aquatic-oriented biomonitoring systems, it is possible to quantify, for example, water purity or trophic index for water management purposes or to characterize the ecological status of the ecosystem for scientific and conservation purposes. While water quality-oriented biomonitoring systems are widespread and routinely used, ecology state-oriented (quantifying qualities like succession stage or stability) are less exploited and their wider use in the future could help understanding and management of some aquatic ecosystems. One of the ecology-oriented biomonitoring systems is NCV index (natural conservation value index) oriented to wetlands which it evaluates through their desmid biota, measuring species diversity, rarity of represented species and ecosystem maturity for which they are typical, and rarity of represented species NCV index aims to describe the value of the ecosystem in terms of its replicability.
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The impact of eutrophication on fish in running waters
Jeníšová, Karolína ; Horká, Petra (advisor) ; Frouzová, Jaroslava (referee)
Eutrophication belongs among be the most serious factors threatening freshwater ecosystems. Eutrophication is a result of excessive nutrient loading which comes mostly from both the point-source and diffuse pollution and agriculture, increased sediment loading from soil erosion, but also due to a presence of various types of impoundments, which, particularly in some areas, represent a significat part of nutrient supply. Although the effect of eutrophication on freshwater fish communities has been thoroughly studied in standing waters, very little attention has been paid to running water ecosystems. Among the processes with the most pronounced impacts on fish communities are increased phytoplankton growth and loss of macrophytes, low oxygen levels or anoxia, occurrence of toxic forms of nitrit and ammonia and elevated turbidity and subsequent light reduction. Whilst the diversity of fish communities is not usually affected, changes in structure of fish communities and decreased ecological quality has been detected with the increasing level of eutrophication. The most sensitive fishes are salmonids as they have high oxygen demands and are very sensitive to a toxic forms of nitrogen. Moreover they are visual predators highly affected by the increased turbidity of water environment. Percids are mainly...
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The influence of agricultural activities on the stream water quality in natural reservation
NOVOMĚSTSKÁ, Markéta
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of agricultural activity on hydrochemical parameters of surface waters in connection with the occurence of specially protected species within the surface waters of a monitored area. A model was chosen for the evaluation of the situation - Bedřichovský potok, which is located in Novohradské hory. The river consists of lower and upper sub-waters. Forest management is applied within upper sub-basin, while agricultural management on arable land, meadows and pastures is used in the lower sub-basin. The monitored parameters were indicators of eutrophication of surface waters: Nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3-), Phosphate phosphorus (P-PO43-), and conductivity of undissolved material (NL105). The results showed that the agriculture management (especially on arable land) burdens the soil with nutrients and consequently erosion enters the substances, bringing them to the surface and ground water as a result. There was an increase of substances in the water after rain.
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Revitalization of a Small Water Reservoir in the Níhov Cadastral Area
Matoušek, David ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Menšík, Pavel (advisor)
Thesis has main goal to introduce the topic of small water reservoirs as an important regional element, which has added value to creation and sustaining of ecological stability, improvement local microclimate, the quality of water in catchment area and groundwater supply. Thesis is divided into two parts. In the first theoretical part thesis describes the topic of small water reservoirs and the key factors affecting their environmental state and their self-cleaning abilities. In the second practical part are created conceptual design of revitalization to solve the unsuitable state of water reservoir in Níhov.
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Quality of surface water in the Czech Republic and their treatability
Bedáňová, Jana ; Macsek, Tomáš (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The thesis deals with the quality of surface water in the Czech Republic and the development of its quality in the streams and reservoirs. Issues related to wastewater discharge to the recipient (often without cleaning) and seepage from agricultural land. At the end, it deals with water quality indicators, their acquisition and assessment based on normative documents and their calculation on the basis of measured values.
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The influence of agricultural activities on selected physical and chemical parameters of surface water
MIKEŠOVÁ, Aneta
The aim of this diploma thesis was a statistical evaluation of the impact of farming methods and the land cover on hydrochemical parameters of surface waters drainage patterns in Novohradské mountains and identify the possible impact of agriculture on the valuesof these parameters. The area for the evaluation is consist of lower and upper parts of the basin of Pasecký, Bedřichovský and Váčkový stream. Sampling sites include agriculturally cultivated land, but also forest ecosystems. The work is mainly focused on the following parameters: conductivity, nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3-), suspended solids (NL105) and phosphate phosphorus (P-PO43-), which are parameters causing eutrophication of water. The parameters changes were analysed for the years 2014 - 2017. Significant differences were observed in the all three streams in the water chemisms between upper and lower parts of the watersheds of conductivity and nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3-). The results confirmed that the farming has a significant influence on the water quality in the Pasecký, Bedřichovský and Váčkový stream although it is an extensive farming.
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