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Determination of double bond position in wax esters by dimethyl disulfide derivatization and mass spectrometry
Háková, Martina ; Schwarzová, Karolina (advisor) ; Coufal, Pavel (referee)
Wax esters are substantial constituents of natural waxes, which can be found in many living organisms. Properties of lipids, including wax esters, may be significantly influenced by the position of double bond. In this diploma thesis the location of double bonds was determined by dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) derivatization followed by detection using tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). We managed to measure the APCI and ESI MS/MS spectra of 8 different wax esters with different position of double bond. Diagnostic ions determining double bond position were identified. This method could be used in HPLC/MS analysis of wax esters, which cannot be analyzed by GC/MS. It was shown that the DMDS derivatization reaction and mass detection with APCI ionization is also suitable for locating double bonds in alkenes.
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Placing the patient after total hip replacement and nursing care.
KUBEŠOVÁ, Hana
Today, a total hip replacement is often the only way for millions of people around the world how to return to normal life and live a full life without pain. To returning to a full life after a total hip replacement it is needed, however, sufficient information provided by nurses, given not only to patients but also to their relatives. A nurse plays an important role in giving information, because she accompanies a patient not only during the entire hospitalization period, but also during the whole preoperative period, related to a patient´s visits to the outpatient section. A nurse should not only be fully aware of the nursing care before and after surgery, but should be able to adequately inform patients before the hospital admission and to ensure patients´ smooth return to normal life. The survey was carried out through in-depth interviews with ten randomly selected patients after a total hip replacement. The patients were hospitalized in the orthopedic department of the hospital in Tábor. The research group consisted of five women and five men. The patients were asked several additional questions to determine how and when they had been informed about the total hip replacement. It was also necessary to find out how they had been informed about the movement regimen before the hospital admission, and if there had been any problems during hospitalization that might have been associated with the discharge to home care. The main objective of this study was to methodically determine the patients´ awareness before the total hip replacement, to identify the most frequent problems of patients after the hip surgery and to analyze the needs of patients after the total hip replacement before the hospital discharge. The research survey has found that patients had been given information by the nurses in a sufficient extent, but only at the time of hospitalization, which in some cases proved to be inadequate. Some patients did not manage to adequately prepare their domestic environment, including compensation aids facilitating the movement after the hip joint replacement and had to deal with this issue through the mediation of their family during their hospitalization. Owing to the information submitted late, for example, the period of hospitalization may be prolonged unplannedly because the patient is not sufficiently prepared to be discharged to home care. The investigation has shown that it would be desirable to enhance the awareness of patients before the hospital admission to the hip surgery, e.g. through the form of information meetings. Then patients would have the opportunity to get ready both compensation aids suitable for the movement regimen after the total hip replacement and the home environment before the surgery so that they could be discharged to home care at any time. Patients´ awareness before the surgery is an important part of quality nursing care provided to patients and leads to patients´ satisfaction.
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Pathological pain states, the role of synaptic modulation at spinal cord level
Nerandžič, Vladimír ; Paleček, Jiří (advisor) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee)
(English) Modulation of synaptic transmission in dorsal horn of spinal cord plays a key role in nociceptive signalling. Recent studies have indicated a great importance of presynaptic TRPV1 receptors (transient receptor potential vanilloid) in spinal cord. These receptors act as molecular integrator of nociceptive stimulation on periphery. The way of their activation and the effect on modulation of the synaptic transmission are not clarified yet. Previous studies demonstrated the influence of many inflammatory mediators and cytokins on TRPV1 receptors. The aim of our research was to show changes in activation of presynaptic TRPV1 receptors in the spinal cord following the application of endogenous agonist N-oleoyl dopamine (OLDA) in a model of peripheral neuropathy, after incubation with cytokine TNFα and to show the effect of precursor of anandamide N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE). In our experiments, we have recorded miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) from neurons of acute spinal cord slices by the patch-clamp method. The first series of experiments tested sensitivity to application of the endogenous agonist OLDA 5 days after evoking peripheral neuropathy. The frequency of mEPSC increased significantly - to 250 % of base level after applying a low concentration of OLDA (0,2...
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Design and production of a plastic komponent
ČÍŽEK, Václav
The theoretical part is focused on evaluation of chosen ?essential? plastics used in the car industry. The principles of construction and proportioning of plastic components, basic conception of injection moulding and measuration follow. Another section of the theoretical part presents a summary of possible CAD systems, which are used. The practical part is focused on a particular plastic moulding. It includes the main description of a component with its material choice in dependence on the component function. Another section contains evaluation of the component complexity from the viewpoint of moulding, and a possible substitution of constructions, which could be productively simpler, is shown. The whole thesis is completed for better lucidity by pictures, drawings, and mechanical drawings.
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Detection of fetal abnormalities in the I. trimester of pregnancy
Pošarová, Alena ; Krofta, Ladislav (advisor)
The topic of his thesis detection of fetuses with congenital abnormalities in I. trimester of gestation , I chose based on their interest in this issue. 5 As the name suggests, the work itself , try the following pages briefly summarize methods of prenatal diagnostics with a focus on the first trimester . It medical discipline , which in recent decades has undergone dynamic development , related to the development of technical background , in particular ultrasonic techniques and laboratory methods. Birth of a child victim severe mental retardation significantly affect the future the whole family. 's why I consider it necessary to possible future parents should all available information , and hence to make responsible decisions about their future life and the life of his child . Contribution of early diagnosis of congenital defects is therefore invaluable especially for expectant parents and their chances of a healthy baby. It is also about move diagnosis of chromosomal aberrations and eventual termination pregnancy in the earliest possible stages due to mental and health impact of a pregnant woman . When drafting diplomky I , among others, drew from the grant MD . Ladislav Krofta from the years 1999-2002, and 2005 - 2007 , which are listed in literature.
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Similarity Search in Protein Structure Databases
Galgonek, Jakub ; Skopal, Tomáš (advisor) ; Porto, Markus (referee) ; Svozil, Daniel (referee)
Proteins are one of the most important biopolymers having a wide range of functions in living organisms. Their huge functional diversity is achieved by their ability to fold into various 3D structures. Moreover, it has been shown that proteins sharing similar structure often share also other properties (e.g, a biological function, an evolutionary origin, etc.). Therefore, protein structures and methods to identify their similarities are so widely studied. In this thesis, we introduce a system allowing similarity search in pro- tein structure databases. The system retrieves, given a query structure, all database structures being similar to the query structure. It employs several key components. We have introduced a novel similarity measure assigning similarity scores to pairs of protein structures. We have designed specific access method based on LAESA metric indexing and using the proposed measure. The access method allows to search similar structures more effi- ciently than when a sequential scan of a database is employed. To achieve further speedup, the measure and the access method have been parallelized, resulting in almost linear speedup with the respect to the number of available cores. The last component is a web user interface that allows to accept a query structure and to present a list of...
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Intracellular trafficking of an anti - Amyloid Protein Precursor antibody.
Zitko, Jan ; Doležal, Martin (advisor) ; Trejtnar, František (referee)
Intracellular trafficking of an anti-Amyloid Protein Precursor antibody Alzheimer's disease is characterized by over-accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain. Aβ is produced by proteolytic cleavage of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases. Novel monoclonal antibody, 2B12, has been shown to bind to β-secretase cleavage site of APP, reducing the production of APP, presumably by preventing the cleavage by steric hindrance. 2B12 is hypothesized to bind to APP molecules exposed on the cell surface and to be internalized in the form of complex with APP via natural endocytic pathway. This hypothesis was confirmed by San Pei Ho's (2007), who followed the internalization of 2B12 in living astrocytoma MOG-G-UVW, cells in time-course experiment. This project is focused on intracellular trafficking of 2B12 and its localization within specific cellular compartments. Experiments were performed with fixed astrocytoma MOG- G-UVW cells (constitutively expressing APP). Originally planned experiments with live cells could not be performed due to decreased stability of 2B12 (causes remain unknown). 2B12 was tested for colocalization with polyclonal affinity purified antibodies labelling subcellular markers (proteins) associated with compartments known to participate in APP...
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Quantitative analysis of the project of civic amenities
Vopěnka, Jakub ; Fiala, Petr (advisor) ; Borovička, Adam (referee)
This Thesis is focused on analysis of real project in Studený village. In introductory chapter there is detailed analysis and evaluation of the implemented project of multipurpose playground, using project management tools. Current situation of Studený village is ilustrated by using SWOT analysis. On the real project of the multipurpose playground there are also explaind strog and week parts of future using of the playground and it draws attention on its threats and opportunities. In theoretical part there are described methods of multicriterial decision making, expert team selection models, theory of social selection and project managment methods. In the following chapter there is shown practical utilization, on the real projetct of multipurpose playground in Studený, according to TOPSIS, AHP and ORESTE methods. Attention is drawn on possible problems with social selection using Dodgsons examples and there are suggested countermeasures with help of Condorcets funcion and SPAN method. The Thesis shows the necessity of these methods and their application on a real project.
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Importance of Transport Proteins and Biotransformation Enzymes for Defending Role of the Placenta
Vacková, Zuzana ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Trejtnar, František (referee) ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee)
Placenta is a unique organ which ensures a number of vital functions necessary for normal course of pregnancy and development of a new individual. In addition to its main function of oxygen supply and nutrient and waste product exchange, placenta also serves as an endocrine, metabolic and protective organ. Placenta is considered to be one of the physiological barriers of the organism which regulates transport of both endogenous and exogenous compounds between two compartments - maternal and fetal blood circulations. Up to recently, the placental barrier was supposed to be formed only by cellular layers which separate maternal and fetal blood - syncytiotrophoblast and fetal capillary endothelium. However, it has been demonstrated that the activity of placental efflux transport proteins and metabolic enzymes contributes considerably to the protective function of placental barrier. Efflux transporters are membrane proteins which actively (along with consumption of ATP) "pump" a diversity of substrates out of the cell. It has been shown that the kinetics of transport of various substances across the placenta is affected predominantly by two transporters: P-glycoprotein (P- gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Compared to these transporters, placental biotransformation enzymes are considered...
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Epididymal maturation – a crucial step in the post-testicular sperm development
Postlerová, Pavla ; Pohlová, Alžběta ; Zigo, Michal ; Jonáková, Věra
Mammalian spermatozoa after their development in testis undergo the post-testicular maturation in epididymis where acquire their fertilization ability and competence of movement. The epididymis is tissue with very active fluid-absorbing and fluid-secreting activity. Epididymal fluid contains ions and small molecules, proteins, glycoproteins and enzymes. The surface of spermatozoa is exposed directly to the epididymal fluid, and the sperm plasma membrane is significantly changed. Some testicular proteins are altered, masked, or replaced by new proteins/glycoproteins of epididymal origin. Several proteins produced by epididymis have been described in various mammalian species and shown to be associated with spermatozoa suggesting a role in the sperm maturation and/or sperm-egg binding and fusion. We isolated proteins from fluid, tissue and sperm of boar epididymis, and separated them by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. We searched for known proteins using panel of antibodies and tested proteins of epididymal fluid for binding abilities. In the epididymis, we found proteins described as proteins of seminal plasma and associated with the sperm surface, such as spermadhesins, beta-microseminoprotein and acrosin inhibitor. These proteins were detected in epididymal sperm, fluid and tissue. We showed that some epididymal proteins may bind the spermatozoa and change the binding sites on the sperm surface. We determined and identified some proteins from boar epididymal fluid with affinity to heparin, hyaluronan and zona pellucida glycoproteins. These phenomena indicate that epididymal fluid proteins bind to the sperm surface during epididymal maturation and might subsequently play role in the sperm capacitation or sperm-zona pellucida binding.
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