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The use of high temporal resolution satellite data for monitoring of water quality
Šmejkalová, Tereza ; Štych, Přemysl (advisor) ; Slačíková, Jana (referee)
The use of high temporal resolution satellite data for monitoring of water quality Abstract Present study compares possibilities of sea water quality monitoring using high temporal resolution satellite data. The theoretical part describes basic principles of remote sensing, the spectral characteristics of water and their change caused by substances present in the water. The analytical modeling methods of chlorophyll-a concentration retrieval from MERIS data are described. In the study three processors are used, standard MERIS processor Case 2 Regional, FUB/Wew Water processor and FLH/MCI processor. In total 10 satellite images are processed, five for each of the two studied areas, the Golfe du Lion in France and Skagerrak and Kattegat straights in Northern Europe. As there is only limited dataset of in situ measurements available to validate the results, it is impossible to decide which of the processors is the most suitable one. It is however clear that none of the globally applicable algorithms can be as accurate as algorithms developed for the exact location and atmospheric actual conditions.
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Possibilities of the Iplementation of Bazic Prevention in the Abuse of Controlled Substances into School Educational Programs
Srbová, Kristýna ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee) ; Marádová, Eva (advisor)
Title: The possibilities of the implementation of basic prevention in the abuse of controlled substances into school educational programs Abstract: The goal of this thesis is to propose possibilities of the implementation of basic prevention in the abuse of controlled substances into school educational programs. The theoretical part presents the issue of abusing controlled substances along with forms of specific and non-specific prevention. The practical part describes the analysis of the Minimum Preventive Program and also research done in selected elementary schools in Prague. It includes the results of the research and possibilities of the implementation of basic prevention in the abuse of controlled substances into school educational program. Key words: basic prevention, implementation, controlled substances, abusing, children, teachers, parents
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Development of method for the identification of alkaloids in plant extracts from Amaryllidaceae using UHPLC-MS/MS
Plečková, Hana ; Nováková, Lucie (advisor) ; Chocholouš, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of analytical chemistry Candidate: Hana Plečková Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Lucie Nováková Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Development of method for the identification of alkaloids in plant extracts from Amaryllidaceae using UHPLC-MS/MS. The purpose of this thesis is the development of method for identification of alkaloids from the family Amaryllidaceae in plant extracts using coupling of two methods UHPLC and MS/MS. The combination of methods UHPLC and MS/MS enables to work with the very small particles (< 2 µm) thereby fast separation with high efficiency and reduction of analysis time is achieved. MS is used for determination of atomic weight, molecular weight after the ionization of neutral species. The development of methods was first conducted on UHPLC with PDA detection which served for the choice of optimal stationary and mobile phase. The tested columns were following: BEH PHENYL, BEH C18, BEH SHIELD RP18, HSS T3. The possibilities of separation and the behavior of the monitored substances at different pH (3 and 9), retention time and flow rate were studied. The column BEH SHIELD RP18 provided the best results of these columns, using buffer pH 3 and methanol as an organic modifier, and then flow rate 0.4 ml/min....
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Tree rings and peat bogs as archives of recent trends in Pb and Hg deposition in the Czech Republic
Zuna, Milan ; Mihaljevič, Martin (advisor) ; Komárek, Michal (referee) ; Soudek, Petr (referee)
1 Tree rings and peat bogs as archives of recent trends in Pb and Hg deposition in the Czech Republic Milan Zuna, 2012 Abstract The environment polluted by toxic metals is currently one of the most topical subjects studied in a great many countries. Toxic metals and their forms are studied primarily because of their negative impact on the environment and also on human health. In the territory of the Czech Republic, direct measurements of the concentrations of these substances are available only for a limited time period. Consequently, indirect methods, such as geochemical archives, are used to determine the historical environmental burdens from these metals. Historical lead concentrations (Pb) were studied on peat bog profiles and tree rings in selected localities in the Czech Republic. Altogether 12 peat bog profiles and 33 wood cores (Picea abies) were studied, in the border territories of the Czech Republic with different historical burdens (Krušné Hory - Novodomské rašeliniště - ND, Jizerské hory - Bílá Smědá - BS, Šumava - Jezerní slat - JS), and in a historically burdened area polluted by processing of Pb- Ag ores (Příbram-Brdy). In the vicinity of Příbram, areas around the Brdy ridge (9 km east of the Pb metallurgical works) as well as in the immediate vicinity of the metallurgical works. We used the...
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Antioxidant activity of phenolic substances from Betulae folium.
Skálová, Miluše ; Spilková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FENOLIC SUBSTANCES IN BETULAE FOLIUM Miluše Skálová Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Farmaceutická fakulta, Katedra farmakognozie, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant activity of exctracts of the drug Betulae folium and of buds and leaves of birch collected during the onthogenesis. Also it was appionted content of flavonoids by the method HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and it was observed changes during the onthogenesis. The maximal content of caffeic acid in buds was similar like in leaves. The presence of chlorogenic acid was registreted in leaves which were collected in june. High content of the hyperoside was in buds before they have got blossom. and in the young leaves. The next lower maximum was in young leaves, which were collected at the end of may. This value was compareable with the content in dry leaves and also in drug of Betulae folium, which was bought in the pharmacy. The presence of kvercitrin was reminded in buds before blossoming, the similar value was in young leaves, afterthat came a huge decrease of this value. The significant content-increase of kvercitrin was reminded in dried leaves. There are significant differences between the fresh and the dried leaves of the same collection....
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Solid-phase extraction and its miniaturization by method Lab-On-Valve for determination of pharmaceutical substances
Jelínková, Iva ; Chocholouš, Petr (advisor) ; Vlčková, Hana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical chemistry Candidate: Iva Jelínková Supervisor: PharmDr. Petr Chocholouš, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Solid-phase extraction and its miniaturization by method Lab-On- Valve for determination of pharmaceutical substances This thesis deals with the development of the solid-phase extraction (SPE) method with the use of microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) for the determination of vitamins A, D, E and the possibility to automate this method. The determination was based on absorption of vitamins on microcolumn MEPS, interfering components were removed by washing solution (dilute acetic acid of pH 3) and extraction was performed by eluent solution (100% ACN). Detection was made by UV spectrophotometer at wave lengths of absorbing maximum for vitamin A - 325 nm, for vitamin D - 265 nm, for vitamin E - 295 nm. The method was optimized. There was developed a program, where concentrations of individual vitamins, dosing volumes, flow speed and composition solvents were tested. After the optimization method there was performed the extraction and the subsequent determination of blood plasma fortified with vitamins A, D, E by the sequential injection chromatography method. Recovery of the method for vitamin A was...
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Phytochemical investigation of above-ground parts of Magnolia Vine
Dadáková, Petra ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
(ABSTRACT) Petra Dadakova: Phytochemical Research of the Aerial Part of Schizandra Chinensis (TURZ.)BAILL. The work was aimed at isolating of at least one constituent from the polar n-butanolic extract of the leaves and cauloms of Schizandra chinensis (TURZ.)BAILL., Schizandraceae, and at physico-chemical characterization of the isolated substance. The separation was performed by means of column and preparatory thin layer chromatography. Two pure compounds were obtained - stigmasterol glucoside and shikimic acid - and their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, 18 crystalline fractions containing mainly one compoud or a mixture of several compounds were separated. According to TLC combined with the usage of specific detection reagents, these fractions contain predominantly flavonoid substances, e.g. quercetin, kaempferol, rutin and/or their glycosides, other phenolic substances such as cinnamic acid, and saccharides. The constituents typical for fruits (seeds), i.e. essential oil and aproximatelly 60 lignans of dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene type, are contained in individual morphological parts, i.e. cauloms, leaves and seeds in the approximate ratio 2.4 : 1 : 11.4, respectively. Hence, cauloms and leaves cannot serve as primary source of lignans with strong antioxidative,...
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The Economics of Drug Prohibition
Řepík, Martin ; Šťastný, Daniel (advisor) ; Bolcha, Peter (referee)
Abstract The Prohibition represents a worldwide approach to drug trafficking and using, that are generally judged as evil, to which it is necessary to face. Although the drugs like alcohol or tobacco are legal and ordinary part of social life, a range of substances available on free market at the beginning of 20th Century became outlawed. In an effort to eliminate illegal drugs there was declared war on their production, distribution and consumtion in order to protect citizens, public health and to minimize social costs. The aim of this paper is to examine whether the drug prohibition is able to achieve its goals, to analyze its effects and real causes for negative impacts of drugs to society and to find who in fact the drug policy bring the benefits to.
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Evaluation of activity of potentional antifungal substances through the use of microdilution broth method I.
Nitraiová, Jindřiška ; Paterová, Pavla (referee) ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor)
1. Abstract Jindřiška Nitraiová Evaluation of activity of potentional antifungal substances through the use of microdilution broth method I Diplomová práce Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové Farmacie The aim of the thesis was a screening of activity of new potentional antifungal substances. For testing of substances was used the microdilution broth method. This method allows a routine assesment of MIC of a larger amount of antimycotics and also complete strains. The compounds for the strains Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, Trichosporon beigelii, Aspergillus fumigatus, Absidia corymbifera a Trichophyton mentagrophytes were tested. The derivates of pyrazinedicarbamide, pyrazinedicarbothioamide, pyrazole-1- carboxylate, hydrazinecarboxylate, diazene-1,2-dicarboxamide and cyclohexanone did not show any antimycotic effectiveness. On the contrary the derivates of benzamide and benzenecarbothioamide showed a good antimycotic activity against all the testing strains. In the group of other substances, it means the derivates of pyrazinecarboxamide, pyrazinecarbothioamide, pyrazine-anilides, pyrazine-2-amine, pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide and pyrazine-2,5-dicarbonitrile and thiazolidine-4-one, some substances were effective but some had no effect. The derivates of...
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Arrow poisons, their us in toxicology and medicine
BÁRTOVÁ, Lucie
Abstract The introduction of physiologically and therapeutically effective drugs in anaesthetic treatment has meant a significant change. Their discovery has thus contributed to a minimisation of their negative effects on a living organism. As a result, anaesthesiology has become more controllable and safer. These new drugs translate into more comfort for the patient in the course of anaesthesiology as well as his or her rapid recovery resulting in a shorter period of hospitalisation. The research of new physiologically and therapeutically effective substances is a pre-requisition of a potential higher standard of medical care. Older substances, e.g. Alkuronium and Gallamin, which, due to their undesirable effects, have come out of use, have lost their significance. Nowadays, these substances have been generally replaced by substances with an intermedial effect, e.g. Rokuronium and Cisatrakurium, which, compared with Alkuronium and Gallamin, show a minimum of undesirable effects. One of the foremost objectives of the current pharmaceutical research is to find a replacement of Sukcinylcholin, which, in spite of its known side effects, has had a non-substitutable position in urgent intubation. As a result, its use is limited to out-patient application and a certain selection of patient categories. Let us hope that we shall see a replacement of Sukcinylcholin being introduced in treatment in the near future. This would mean a final solution of problems arising from its side effects limiting its scope of application.
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