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Population biology and ecology of Phyteuma orbiculare L.
Fialová, Tereza ; Rybka, Vlastimil (referee) ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor)
Population biology and ecology of the species Phyteuma orbiculare L. Abstract This diploma's thesis deals with Phyteuma orbiculare L. (Round-headed Rampion) from family Campanulaceae. According to the law (MŽP ČR 395/1992 Sb.) the studied species is classified as a seriously endangered species of the Czech flora. Two of its distinguished subspecies (subsp. montanum and flexuosum) are on the Red list of vascular plant species (Procházka 2001) of critically endangered species. One of the outputs of this thesis are grid maps of all localities of the species in the following time intervals: until 1949, 1950 - 1989, 1990 - 1999 and 2000 - 2010. As information sources about location of P. orbiculare I used herbaria collections, literature, botanical databases, and Protected Landscape Area Administrative reports. Some data were obtained from botanical experts and some from my personal field-work. One of the main results of thesis is comparison of the distribution of historical and recent localities of the species. I studied chemical composition of soil, species composition and number of flowering plants amount of populations in 21 recent and 19 historical localities in Czech Republic. Recent localities are richer in species and poorer in nutritive substances than the historical localities. Number of flowering...
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Prevalence of substance abuse for disabled
Šperlová, Lenka Marie ; Kovářová, Lenka (referee) ; Bunc, Václav (advisor)
3 ABSTRACT: Subject matter: Prevalence of substance abuse for disabled (OZP) Goals: This thesis aims to assess an prevalence estimation of using addictive substances in population of disabled individuals by means of questionaire survey. Method: Existing literature sumarized up to date and essential teoretical knowledge such as addictive substances classification and terminology of drug abuse. An anonymous survey in form of electronical questionaire was disributed to the public via internet (on-line) through E-mails along with accompanying letter. Retrieving of OZP sub-popolution was carried out with the help of definition explaining the OZP status, besides the Snowball Sampling method was used as well. Afterwards all input information was processed electronically by means of statistical methods. Results: As for prelalence estimation in sub-population of disabled humans, an sufficient and representative enough sample was collected from 524 respondents. Estimations was carried out on the basis of survey and consequently verified in hypotheses. Judging by the results ordinary trends watched in common popullation was confirmed. The most frequently abused addictive substances in OZP sub- popullation are Cannabis sativa and ecstasy. The use of alcohol and tabac is in this group preffered as well. According to a...
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Using of Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography in the Analysis of Pharmaceuticals
Lípová, Markéta ; Polášek, Miroslav (referee) ; Pospíšilová, Marie (advisor)
In this work, micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with UV detection at 214 nm was developed for separation of paracetamol, caffeine, ascorbic acid and chlorphenamin. The validated method was used for selective assay of the active substances in pharmaceutical preparation. The separations were optimised by examining a number of experimental conditions, such as the electrolytic system type and concentration, pH, concentration of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), addition of organic solvents, separation voltage and temperature. The optimal operational system consisted of 40mM boric acid, 70mM SDS and 10% (v/v) of methanol (adjusted to pH* 7.6 with 1 M ammonia solution). Ethylparaben was chosen as an internal standard. The assay of compounds analysed was carried out at 30 kV and 20ř C with 60 cm x 75 µm I.D. fused silica capillary (effective length 50 cm). A single analysis took less than 10 min. The method was suitable for determining the drugs in pharmaceutical preparation TRIGRIP capsules with RSD values from 1,23% to 2,75% (n=3). The MEKC results agreed well with nominal contents of the compounds. The recovery of the method ranged from 90.43% to 99.59%.
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Ecotoxicological screening of antibiotic Augmentin 625® mg
Psohlavcová, Zuzana ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee) ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor)
Psohlavcová Zuzana, Ecotoxicological screening of the antibiotic Augmentin® 625 mg, rigorous thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology In the years 2005 - 2008 amoxicillin accounted 17% of all consumed antibacterial drugs used in systematic therapy. Usage of this antibiotic has not been reduced over the years and therefore the ecosystems are permanently contaminated. To evaluate the ecotoxicological effect of amoxicillin I used Algaltoxkit (ie. 72hour growth inhibition test of the green algae Selenastrum capricornutum) and Rapidtoxkit (rapid screening test for the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus). Next I used a 48hour test of acute toxicity with the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. I tested these organisms in concentrations ranging from 12,5 - 0,044 g/l of the active substance. Green algae reacted with the drug strongly toxic, while the standard from a concentration of 2.83 g/l. For T. platyurus were 30% inhibition of particle uptake for amoxicillin 3,28 g/l and test medicine 1,56 g/l. Ciliate reacted in tests with both substances strongly toxic. The drug Augmentin® 625 mg has been shown more toxic than the standard. Key words: ecotoxicity, Augmentin® 625 mg, amoxicillin, Tetrahymena pyriformis, Selenastrum...
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Antiradical activity of Fagopyri herba extracts.
Mikšátková, Petra ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee) ; Spilková, Jiřina (advisor)
0 Abstract Petra Mikšátková Fagopyrum sp. (Polygonaceae), especially Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (common buckwheat) and Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn (tartary buckwheat), which are most frequently used, contain some substances affecting living organism. They have an anticarcinogenic and hypotensive effect. They reduce fragility of blood vessels and also affect the progress of atherosclerosis. For their nutritional value they are used as food. Most of these properties are result of an antioxidant activity of a group of substances, flavonoids. Antioxidant activity of Fagopyri herba was evaluated by two methods using the free radical 2,2,-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide. By the DPPH assay, the methanol extract and the lyophilized water extract were evaluated. Their IC50 were compared with standards and the antioxidant activity decreased in the order: hyperosid (IC50 = 0,004 mg/ml) ≥ rutin (IC50 = 0,005 mg/ml) › methanol extract (IC50 = 0,105 mg/ml) › lyophilized water extract (IC50 = 0,2945 mg/ml). By the superoxide assay the lyophilized water extract was evaluated. When compared with standards, antioxidant activity decreased in this order: rutin (IC50 = 0,0242 mg/ml) › ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0,0692 mg/ml) › trolox (IC50 = 0,1192 mg/ml) › lyophilized water extract (IC50 = 0,3169 mg/ml).
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Biological effect of plant metabolites I. Isolation of alkaloids from Eschscholzia californica Cham.
Křečková, Martina ; Martin, Jan (referee) ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor)
Diplomová práce 2009 Křečková Martina 1 1 Abstract Křečková, M.: Biological effect of plant metabolites I. Isolation of alkaloids from Eschscholzia californica Cham. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2009, 102 p. My diploma thesis was intended on phytochemical study of extract J1, quaternary acid iodides, of Eschscholzia californica Cham. It concerns the separation of content substances chromatography column with following TLC fraction which was realized at the Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology. Crystals which were separated from the fraction marked ESCH 23 belong to the group of flavonoids substances. In the concrete, it concerns ferulic acid.
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Spectral Properties of Benzimidazoles
Lukešová, Marie ; Jezberová, Michaela (referee) ; Kubíček, Vladimír (advisor)
Spectral Properties of Benzimidazoles Marie Lukešová Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Abstract: This diploma thesis deals with the spectral properties of benzimidazoles. Most of benzimidazoles are anthelmintic active drug, used primarily in veterinary medicine. Some substances are used as fungicides. The main aim of this study was to clarify the influence of solvents on the absorption spectra and especially on the fluorescence of benzimidazoles. The influence of aprotic and protic solvent, the influence of polarity of solvent and the influence of pH of solvents were studied. The thesis includes two parts: theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part physicochemical properties of benzimidazoles, benzimidazoles possibility of detection, UV-VIS and fluorescence spectrophotometry are summarized. In the practical part results of the measurement are processed into tables and graphs. It was found that the influence of solvent depends on the structure of the substance. Therefore it is necessary to check each substance separately.
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Employment of gas chromatography in the field of drug control I.
Holeksa, Miroslav ; Kučera, Radim (advisor) ; Sochor, Jaroslav (referee)
1. ABSTRACT Ethylenoxide is a volatile gas, used for medical instrument sterilization in hospital, which can not stand heat sterilisation. Ethylenoxid is a cancerogenic and a mutagenic substance and for that reason there are put high demands on residual content in instruments after sterilization. Optimalization of chromatographic conditions was realized in this diploma thesis. Gas chromatograph Shimadzu GC-2010 and PC with chromatographic software GC solution Analysis Ver.:2.21 were used. Restek Rtx®-1 (100% dimethylpolysiloxan), 30 m, 0,32 mm; 1 µm column was used. Carrier-gas (He) flow rate was 1,05 ml/min. Particular conditions for chromatographic determination were optimalised in succesive steps (suitable solvent, thermostating time period and temperature, gas syringe temperature and sample volume). Following conditions of headspace analysis were choosen. Headspace vial thermostating time 30 minutes, temperature 90řC, gas syringe temperature 60řC and DMSO as a solvent. Calibration curve was construed to determinate ethylenoxide content. Its equation is y = 1620x - 6,627 (R2 = 0,999). Before analysis, particular ethylenglycol samples were appropriately modified and injected onto column. Content of ethylenoxid, determined in three samples by calibration curve, was matched to the limit of ethylenoxide...
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The bronchoprotective effects evaluation of compounds
Schmidtová, Barbora ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Fakulty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxikology Barbora Schmidtová ABSTRACT (Diploma theasis) Bronchoprotective effect evaluation of potential drugs Respiratory diseases (asthma, CHOPN) has been held for many years the focus of doctors and lay people, and since their incidence is constantly increasing, especially in the younger pediatric population, is therefore an important potential drug development in this field. Asthma and CHOPN are inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, which plays an important role in many cells and their mediators. Among the drugs used in treatment of diseases of respiratory system include many drugs from different therapeutic groups. The group of bronchodilators include, parasympatholytics and beta2-agonists and methylxantin derivatives (theophylline). Other groups used to treat respiratory tract are inflammatory substances (glucocorticoids and preventive imunodrugs) antileukotriens and antihistamines. Bronchoprotective effect have also antitussives and expectorants. The goal of my work was both to participate in establishing the method of isolated trachea, which is used to identify new potential bronchodilators relax, and on this model provide a relaxing activity of the standard drug theophylline. In vitro...
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Comparative analysis of the difference of knowledge in administering first aid between preschool children and lower elementary children
Jírová, Kamila ; Hájková, Jana (referee) ; Pokorný, Ladislav (advisor)
SYNOPSIS Title: A comparative analysis of the difference of knowledge in administering first- aid between preschool children and lower elementary children Abstract: The goal of this thesis is to investigate and compare the difference of knowledge in administering first-aid between preschool children (KS) and lower elementary children (3rd and Sth grade), and based on the results to recommend a general guidline of an optimal range of knowledge in administering first-aid at the preschool and third-grade level. The initial part of this thesis explains: first-aid, requirements of the educational substance of preschool and lower elementary children, and additional sources of acquiring first-aid education. Subsequentely it describes the research done at the chosen preschools and lower elementary schools. The final results of the research are described in full, which leads to the conclusion and recommendation ofthe general guidline of an optimal range of knowledge in administering first-aid at the preschool and third-grade level. Key words: first-aid, range of knowledge, educational possibilities, research, preschool children, lower elementary children, teachers, general guidline of knowledge
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