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Viniční terasy jako refugia pro výskyt xerotermních druhů pavouků (Araneae) a jejich bioindikační využití v hodnocení kvality životního prostředí a úrovně biodiverzity
Košulič, Ondřej
The large-scale decline of traditionally managed early-successional habitats caused by the joint effects of agricultural intensification and abandonment of marginal lands has resulted in a critical reduction of xerophilous arthopods throughout Europe. The question is whether newly generated early-successional sites of human-made habitats (in this case vineyard terraces) may partially compensate this habitat loss. My research, therefore, focusses on spiders as model organisms to determine the potential importance of xeric slopes of vineyard terraces for biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes. I analyzed species density, abundances, rareness degree and conservation value among vineyard terraces with two habitat types of different succession stages (sparse and dense grass turf) placed in in landscapes with varying proportions of surrounding potential source areas (steppe -- foresteppes) and different surrounding habitats (habitat structure) around studied terraces. During 2011 were collected by different methods 6040 adult specimens of spiders belonging to 171 species, 69 genus and 24 families. From this representation were calculated high proportion of rare xeric specialist (40 %) and red-listed threatened species (15 %). From the statistical analyses, overall species density and abundance of spiders did not differ significantly between the terraces with sparse and dense vegetation cover, however species density was significantly influenced by presence of xeric grasslands around vineyards. The occurence of rare and endangered epigeic was significantly associated with the type of successional stage (for epigeic and epiphytic species), as well as rareness degree, conservation value and abundances significantly increased with presence of adjacent steppe grasslands. The results indicate that artificial habitats, such as vineyard terraces, are important refuges for wide spectra of xerothermophilous spiders. To prevent losses of rare and endangered xeric species, I suggest some small scale management methods that maintain important microhabitat mosaic structures under the different succession stages.
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Metabolism of estrogene in UGT1A1-deficient rats
Módos, Anna ; Muchová, Lucie (advisor) ; Brůha, Radan (referee)
Introduction Estrogen-induced cholestasis is a disease characterized by a failure of bile flow and bile production. It can develop in women after oral contraceptives use, hormone replacement therapy or during pregnancy. The estrogen metabolism is a complex process leading to formation of metabolites with different biological activities. It takes place primarily in the liver (Phase I and Phase II including hydroxylation, methylation, sulfation and glucuronidation). The enzymes from UDP-glucuronosyltransferases family , abbreviated UGT, are responsible for the glucuronidation of estrogens. Aims The objective of my work is to define estrogen metabolism and gene expression of UGT1A1, CYP1A2 and SULT1A1 and characterize cholestatic liver damage in the UGT1A1 deficient rat strain (Gunn rats) compared to rats with normal enzyme activity and try to define possible mechanisms responsible for the liver damage. Methods Adult female Gunn and corresponding heterozygous rats were treated with ethinylestradiol (EE, 5 mg/kg body weight SC) for 5 days, while control rats received propanediol (vehicle). Day six, the animals were sacrificed and plasma and liver tissue were collected for analysis. Markers of cholestasis and liver damage ALP, AST, ALT and bilirubin were determined using an automatic analyzer, total...
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Romany population in Slovakia and possibilities of its forecasting
Šprocha, Branislav ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šídlo, Luděk (referee) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Roma population in Slovakia and possibilities of its prediction Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze and to evaluate the demographic reproduction of the Roma population in Slovakia. In the first part, attention is focused on analyzing the demographic processes as well as selected population structure. Primarily, we focused on the description of the fertility and mortality. In addition, we analyze induced and spontaneous abortion and health status of Roma. In terms of population structures, our attention was turned to the structure by age, marital status and highest educational attainment. Important to the overall understanding of reproductive behavior is also characteristic of the Roma families. Based on these findings we prepared projection of Roma population in Slovakia for the period 1981-2030. This study especially aims to point out the changes in the reproductive behavior of the Roma population in Slovakia and its possible development in the future. Keywords: Roma population, fertility, mortality, abortion, health status, Roma family, population structures, population projection, Slovak Republic
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Prognosis and diagnostics in acute myeloid leukemia
Jiráková Trnková, Zuzana ; Jíra, Milan (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee) ; Špíšek, Radek (referee)
The main aim of the dissertation was in patients with acute myeloid leukemia to investigate the impact of favorable prognostic chromosomal aberrations and increased expression of a family of multiple drug resistance genes to achieve a complete remission and overall survival, and identify the potential prognostic factors. Experiments were focused on the introduction of routine diagnostics of two prognostically favorable fusion genes, AML1/ETO and CBFbeta/MYH11 and multiple drug resistance gene MDR1. This testing was performed by reverse transcription, PCR and subsequent electrophoretic analysis of its products.
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Rites and festivals of contemporary local cultures
Válková, Jana ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee) ; Erban, Vít (referee)
The study eoneerns theoretie and empirieal analysis of festivities and rites including their influenee on eontemporary human existence. The researeh is foeused on reeent loeal cultures. The interdisdplinary and holistic approaeh is joining up the study of the problem both in terms of individuals, their families and loeal sodety, whieh enables to unravel and interpret the eonnections between festivals and the sodo-eultural system as sueh. Therefore, the thesis is based on theoretieal analysis, including spedal literature analysis, as well as on field researeh of partieular loeal eultures. Empirieal researeh notes down partieular festivals and rites as observed in three reeent loeal eultures of the Czeeh Republie: Nové Sady (near Velká Bíteš, in the district of Žďár nad Sázavou and Vysočina Region), Hrubý Jeseník (in the district of Nymburk and Central Bohemia region) and Radim u Jičína (in the district of Jičín and Hradec Králové Region). The field researeh took plaee from 2004 to 2010, the terrains have not been studied before.
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Determination of sibiromycin by UPLC method.
Fadrhonsová, Ivana ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee) ; Bosáková, Zuzana (advisor)
Sibiromycin is produced by actinomycetes of Streptosporangium sibiricum and structurally belongs to family of pyrrolo-1,4-benzodiazepines. Sibiromycin is characterized by antibacterial and especially antitumor activity but due to its proved cardiotoxicity it cannot be used. The following research of possible therapeutic sibiromycin utilization is concerned on new nontoxic derivatives produced by genetic manipulated strains of S. sibiricum. For this purpose a new routine chromatographic UPLC-UV method with analyte preconcentration was developed and partially validated. A fermentation broth was extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE) on OASIS MCX columns with the sorbent based on a cation-exchange. Eluted extract was evaporated, reconstituted in methanol and loaded onto UPLC BEH C18 column and analyzed under gradient mode with mobile phases of methanol (A) and trifluoroacetic acid (B). Detection limit of the method was determined as 40 ng/ml, the recovery was 74.75 % and its reproducibility expressed as RSD was 5.18 %. The method was applied to comparison of sibiromycin production by S. sibiricum on 13 different fermentation media. It was found, that a composition of fermentation media influences not only the sibiromycin production but also a synthesis of sibiromycin nature derivatives, which were...
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Obesity in childhood
Malá, Lenka ; Duplinský, Josef (advisor) ; Málková, Iva (referee)
The main goal of this essay called "Obesity in childhood" deals with introduction into this relevant question. The main part will concentrate on the obesity above child and adolescent population. This essay should give the basic global information about the problem, possible accesses of therapy and today critical state of the theme too. One chapter of this study will deals with meaning of breastfeeding. The next part of thesis will be about the development of individual's lifestyle and boarding behaviour throughout early childhood. I would like to point out the main preventive and interventive approaches as well. One of significant parts of the thesis, the practical part, will conduct outcomes of an empirical probe about meaning and attitudes about obese individuals and obesity itself and about individual's fat phobia. The results of today's boarding and lifestyle of the population of Czech children will also be mentioned. I would like to show actual characterisation of Family Weight Reducing Course clients. All these characterisation will lead into valorisation of our situation here in Czech Republic. This will lead into possibility to propose some further preventive, interventional and therapeutic progresses in the fight with child and adolescent obesity. The work should primary aspire to improve everyday...
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Quality of life and Lifestle in Czech children in town and village
Hlaváčková, Eva ; Hodačová, Lenka (advisor) ; Benešová, Veronika (referee) ; Hrubá, Drahoslava (referee)
Quality of life is a multidimensional concept that has been researched in many scientific fields. It has gained an important position especially in medicine, sociology, and psychology. The aim of the study was to monitor specific indicators of quality of life (QoL) and lifestyle in a representative sample of Czech children within an international study of the World Health organization (WHO), The Health Behaviour in School Aged Children: A WHO Cross National Study (HBSC), to analyze QoL in Czech children according to age, gender, and place of residence, and to evaluate it as it relates to other important factors associated with lifestyle (formal structure of the family, the amount of time spent together in the family, adaptation to school, subjectively perceived degree of demands for achievement in the school, social relationships, alcohol and tobacco consumption). The data were obtained using a questionnaire in 86 randomly selected elementary schools and multiannual secondary schools. The study methods emanated from the WHO recommendations. The target population for the research study was a representative sample of Czech children aged 11, 13, and 15, a total of 4,782 children. We monitored subjectively perceived QoL based on a subjective evaluation of the health status, the feeling of happiness, and...
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The issue of infertility in the Czech Republic: an analysis of the success of assisted reproduction
Plačková, Veronika ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kandilaki, Daniela (referee)
The subject of my thesis is to analyze the evolution of the reproductive behavior of the Czech population to assess changes over time, especially after 1989 and to analyze the success of assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic in the period 2007 to 2013. It is divided into several parts. The first theoretical part describes the change in reproductive behavior after 1989, risk factors and causes of female and male infertility, possible tratments of diagnosed infertility and various methods of assisted reproduction. Another analytical part is dedicated to the evolution of fertility and the phenomenon of childlessness of young women. Some indicators are compared with selected European countries for an overall assessment. Subsequently are analyzed in detail the most widely used methods of assisted reproduction IVF, ICSI and kryoembryotransfer and of using indicators Pregnancy rate and Take-home baby rate is assessed their effectiveness. The thesis is supplemented by own research reproductive and family behavior on a selected sample of the Czech population.
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Upbringing of Children and Juveniles in Islamic or mixed Families in Germany. A Research on their everyday Life.
MOUNTASIR LIMBERSKÁ, Lenka
This diploma deals with children and the youth upbringing in Muslim or mixed families in Germany and tries to form a picture of their everyday life. This work?s heart consists of theoretical and practical chapters. The theoretical part provides basic information about Islam and children upbringing in Islamic families. These facts are grounded on knowledge emanating from the Koran and statements of Mohammed the prophet. Following theoretical chapters include an essay on the school life of the Muslim children and the role of the Islamic community. The practical part is composed of the evaluation of a questionnaire which was created for purposes of the study of the everyday life of these families. On this study basis, general conclusions will be drawn.
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