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Antiprotozoal activity of natural substances
Nechanická, Lenka ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Author: Lenka Nechanická Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Antiprotozoal activity of natural substances The discovery of new active substances and plants with a potential antiprotozoal effect nowadays is the aim of many studies and is required for obtaining more active drugs in a number of protozoal disease. In this study was investigated antiprotozoal activity of extracts obtained from various plant parts Salvia officinalis, Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum, Evodia rutaecarpa, Coptis chinensis, Zanthoxylum nitidum and Ziziphus jujuba. Effect of the tested extracts was evaluated in a typical unicellular organism Tetrahymena thermophila using MTT method. From the values obtained the percent inhibition was detected Tetrahymena thermophila and for each extract value calculated median inhibitory concentrations IC50. Of the extracts tested had the greatest antiprotozoal activity of the extract of C. chinensis, further extracts activity decreases in the order C. chinensis > Z. nitidum > Z. jujuba > S. officinalis > E. rutaecarpa > A. graveolens L. var. rapaceum Key words: antiprotozoal activity, Tetrahymena thermophila, cytotoxicity, natural substances
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Advanced glycation endproducts and their receptor (RAGE) in Alzheimer's disease
Štorkánová, Jesika ; Chlebek, Jakub (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
Štorkánová, J.:Advanced glycation endproducts and their receptor RAGA IN Alzheimer's disease, Bachelor thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Kralove 2016, 97 p. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia of late life. AD manifests as progressive memory impairment followed by a gradual decline in other cognitive abilities. For AD is characteristic the abnormal accumulation or aggregation of proteins. Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are a heterogenous group of compounds that are formed when carbonyl group of reducing sugars reacts by a non-enzymatic reaction with amino acids in proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. The formation of AGEs promotes the deposition of proteins due to the protease resistant crosslinking, therefore is difficult to eliminace them from organism. AGEs can be detected in pathological deposits such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which are prominent pathological feature sof AD. The formation of AGEs activate inflammatory signalling pathways, which are mediated by their receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). RAGE is the signal transduction receptor which distinguishes a variety of signalling molecules including AGEs, β-amyloid, HMGB1...
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Use of kinase modulation in the Alzheimerʼs disease pathogenesis.
Polzerová, Iveta ; Chlebek, Jakub (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
Polzerová, I: Use of kinase modulation in the Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2016, 91 p. Data used in this Diploma Thesis have been taken from foreigner scientific literary sources. It provides the summary of the not yet explored natural compounds from marine organisms with kinase inhibitory activity. The first chapter Alzheimer's disease describes a characteristic of the disease, its etiopathogenesis, risk factors and currently available treatment. At the beginning of the second chapter are mentioned new perspective approaches to treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most of this chapter deals with kinases as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In the chapter, physiologic and pathophysiologic functions of GSK-3β and CK-1δ are described in the organism, and also, other kinases are mentioned which are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Next part dedicates analytical methods suitable for testing activity and inhibition of kinases in vitro and in silico, also deals with summary of the synthetic kinase inhibitors and characterizes an their properties. In this chapter is also described main part of this work - the...
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Syntehsis of coibacines
Kolská, Kristýna ; Kotora, Martin (advisor) ; Veselý, Jan (referee)
Development of new asymmetric processes is one of the objectives of catalysis in organic chemistry. These processes can provide access to chiral building blocks applicable in syntheses of various natural substances that can be used for medical purposes. One such process is the preparation of chiral homoallyl alcohols, which have been used for syntheses of variety of biologically active compounds. In view of the aforementioned, suitably substituted homoallyl alcohols could be used as intermediates in syntheses of koibacins A-D, which have a number of interesting biological properties. Natural koibacins A-D are metabolites isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. that exhibits selective antileishmanial activity and potent antïinflammantory properties. Our synthetic plan is focused on an approach through the allylation of aldehydes, esterification, ring closing metathesis and finally cross metathesis with different lipophilic fragments. Key words: enantioselective allylation, asymmetric synthesis, natural compounds, coibacins.
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Molecular mechanism of anti-cancer activity of selected natural compounds.
Smolová, Dagmar ; Vališ, Karel (advisor) ; Flieger, Miroslav (referee)
Molecular mechanism of anti-cancer activity of selected natural compounds Přírodovědecká fakulta Univerzity Karlovi v Praze Smolová Dagmar Nowadays, cancer is affecting more then a third of the world's population and it's the cau- se of more than 20% of all deaths. A better understanding of cancer at the epigenic, gene- tic, molecular and cellular levels is opening up lots of opportunities to intervene with the goal of preventing end-stage of the invasive disease. Recently, much attention is paid to the natural substances because of its ability to interact specifically in the tumorgenesis. This compounds are preferred before the standard treatment because of its availability and safe- ty. In this work, there were observed the effects of 6-shogaol, 6-gingerol and galangin in the leukemic cells Jurkat. The greatest efficiency was showed by 6-shogaol wich caused apoptosis in cells by activating the antiproliferative signalling of Hippo pathway and it also decreased the expression of C-MYC oncogene. There was also a decline of C-MYC onco- protein wich has a key role in the tumor cells metabolism through it's ability to provide enought of energy for the growth and active proliferation. (In Czech)
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Chemical experiments with natural compounds oriented on education.
Opatová, Michala ; Petrželová, Simona (advisor) ; Trnka, Tomáš (referee) ; Svoboda, Lubomír (referee)
Inclusion of experiments into tuition of chemistry is required and a topic of natural compounds enables combination of chemistry with biology and subjects of common life. This dissertation concerns experiments with natural compounds, their utilization within project education at educational and popularizing events which are held by Charles University in Prague. Researches of selected secondary textbooks and professional publications are parts of the thesis. A questionnaire survey is also included on which basis opinions of secondary teachers were evaluated. A collection of instruction in the experiments was prepared. The main part of the thesis is focused on detailed desription of experiments supplemented with pictures and information about selected natural compounds. A proposal to educational excursions focused on natural compounds and project tuition is also included. The whole thesis bring a new look into experiments with natural compounds in sense of searching individual compounds in blends, discovering composition of food processing products not only by chromatography.
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Biochemical Aspects of Artwork Restoring
Boledovičová, Petra ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Kubíčková, Božena (referee)
The following bachelor thesis is focussed on findings on the field of art restoring in connection with its biochemical aspects. In itroduction is resumed brief history of art restoring and generally defined terms of preservation, restoring, art and paint. For better understanding basic paint techniques (aquarelle, gouache, tempera and oil painting), strata sequence and instruments and materials commonly used for art work are mentioned. Most frequently used organic and inorganic pigments are briefly mentioned, however this thesis is mainly focussed on applied organic compounds - lipids, proteins, polysacharides and terpenoids - its composition, characteristics, usagea nd possible interactions. The following thesis is written in czech. Key words: restoring, art work, paint, organic binders, lipids, proteins, polysacharides, terpenoids
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Plant-derived products as effective inhibitors of diarrhea causing microorganisms
Šmíd, František ; Kokoška, Ladislav (advisor)
Since certain species are used in form of dietary supplements in developed world as antidiarrheal agents and because of presence of reports describing antidiarrheal properties of
medicinal plants used in traditional African medicine, we can expect, that systematic microbiological and phytochemical research of plant derived products (extracts, essential oils and their constituents) can lead to the discovery of effective antidiarrheal low-cost agents applicable for elimination of diarrhea in certain African regains.
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Mikrobiologie sýrů ošetřených bioaktivními látkami za účelem prodloužení jejich trvanlivosti
Nedělová, Barbora
The theoretical part is focused on the production, distribution, and defects of cheese made from cow's milk, and its importance in nutrition. There are also described important species of beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms as well as the fight against undesirable microorganisms. In the last part of the literature review there are characteristics of selected groups of bioactive substances. The practical part of the thesis deals with analysis of microbiological fresh cheeses treated with natural substances due to their durability. Within microbiological analysis were determined selected groups of microorganisms - total number of microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria, psychrotrophic microorganisms, coliforms, enterococci, fungi and yeasts. Samples of fresh cheeses were treated with an extract of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), mugwort tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) and pumpkin seed oil. Subsequently, they were packed in an atmosphere free, containing CO2 or N2. The results showed that at a storage temperature of 8 ° C neither the used natural raw materials nor the atmosphere affects the shelf life of fresh cheeses.
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Natural drugs in cancer treatment and their cytotoxicity
Hájková, Tereza ; Raudenská, Martina (referee) ; Provazník, Ivo (advisor)
The thesis deals with the natural substances in context with the cancer disease. The natural substances have a positive effect on the human organism and they are able to influence the viability and the growth of the cancer cells. The main mechanical device is to influence the mechanisms needed to start the apoptosis of the cancer cells and stopping further proliferation. The cancer cell lines utilization in the cancer disease is discussed in the thesis too. The thesis states common methods of determining the natural substances cytotoxicity. For the experimental part of the thesis it was chosen the MTT test method and the xCELLigence system for monitoring in real time. The mechanical device of the tested substance capsaicin in application on the prostate cell lines, tumorous PC3 and nontumorous PNT1A influence will be observed within the experimental part of the thesis.
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