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ADVANCED REGRESSION MODELS
Rosecký, Martin ; Popela, Pavel (referee) ; Bednář, Josef (advisor)
This thesis summarizes latest findings about municipal solid waste (MSW) modelling. These are used to solve multivariable version of inverse prediction problem. It is not possible to solve such problem analytically, so heuristic framework using regression models and data reconciliation was developed. As a side product, models for MSW modelling using PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and LM (Linear Model) were created. These were compared with heuristic model called RF (Random Forest). Both of these models were also used for per capita MSW modelling. Theoretical parts about generalized linear models, data reconciliation and nonlinear programming are also included.
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Energy use of waste
Hrubý, Radomír ; Milčák, Pavel (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The content of this work is an evaluation of the Waste-to-Energy technology. The in-troduction describes current position of the Czech Republic on waste management. Including description of individual waste management technologies. The following chapter deals with the use of waste as a fuel for energy purposes. The principle of waste incineration and pyrolysis technology is elaborated here. Further, are discussed the methods of purification of individual components of flue gas. The penultimate chapter is devoted to legislation that affects the ecology of Waste-to-Energy technology and the comparison of emissions of various stationary sources of pollution which are producing energy. In conclusion, there are described facilities for the energy utilization of municipal waste in the Czech Republic, which are supplemented by two facilities from neighboring states.
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Municipal waste composition and origin analysis for potential improvements
Kučera, David ; Kropáč, Jiří (referee) ; Nevrlý, Vlastimír (advisor)
The Bachelor’s thesis concerns analysis of composition and production of waste in households. It also introduces legal system regarding Czech municipal waste management and means of waste processing. Another part of the thesis consists of case study, which explains used methodology and describes collected data of selected waste types. The collected data on municipal waste production in Czech households are processed in MS Excel. The results of the statistical methods used for analysis show differences in production of individual municipal waste components in different types of households. The results also estimate the potential of municipal waste sorting.
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Recoverability of municipal waste plastics
Jedličková, Kateřina ; Gregor, Jiří (referee) ; Kropáč, Jiří (advisor)
The main aim of this bachelor thesis is identification of running costs and economical claims connected with production of secondary raw materials from separated plastic waste. It also includes a comparison between treatment of separated plastic waste and treatment of plastics that occur together with residual mixed municipal solid waste.
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Effective methods for mechanical treatment of waste
Harnová, Veronika ; Putna, Ondřej (referee) ; Kropáč, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of the Bachelor's thesis is the description and technical-economic evaluation of Czech municipal waste management and sorting lines operation. The main part of the thesis consists of a description of choices of automatic sorting systems in sorting lines operation. The most important part is the analysis of alternative municipal waste collection containers with respect to different settings of manual or automatic sorting lines.
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Assessment of suitability MSW landfilling in the Czech Republic
Kosová, Kristýna ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Kotoulová, Zdenka (referee)
The paper examines the suitability of municipal waste landfill in the Czech Republic. Landfill is still the most common method of waste disposal. This is mainly due to the number of landfills in the country, the level of charges, poorly built infrastructure capacity and other technical facilities for waste management. The work deals with the actual construction of landfill, through the production, collection and sorting MSW to the political and economic waste management. It also focusing on current issues of legislation and waste management. Part of this work is survey of public opinion and proffesional's views on this issue, which is divided to supporters and opponents. Although the landfill haves still a decreasing trend, the fact remains that there will be always stay some residual waste that can not to be completly remove. So the landfill will always remain as integral part of waste management.
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Energy use of waste
Lachman, Jakub ; Kracík, Petr (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis deals with the Waste-to-Energy topic. The first part evaluates municipal solid waste (MSW) as fuel, analyzes the influence of its indiviual fractions on the overal properties, mainly the lower heating value, compares MSW with other conventional solid fuels which are thermally used. The second part of the thesis deals with Waste-to-Energy technologies. It is divided into three parts: combustion, pyrolysis and gasification. Each contains both the description of the process itself as well as the description of the applied technology. The last chapter contains some of the negative impacts of Waste-to-Energy technologies and a list of measures used to deal with them.
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Effective proposal and operation of sorting line as an element in waste management
Guštara, Dominik ; Kropáč, Jiří (referee) ; Gregor, Jiří (advisor)
The hereby presented master’s thesis deals with municipal solid waste separation. The introductory chapters describe current state of handling of selected recyclables and the technologies of their collection. The following chapter is a description of a waste sorting line technology, since this facility’s function is to upgrade the recyclables to secondary materials. The first step of practical part of this thesis was creation of a technical-economic model of the sorting line designed to process plastic and paper waste, therefore the following chapter is dedicated to its description and presentation. Subsequently, the outputs of the model are evaluated for three settings of its input variables, which represent the three imagined scenarios of the modeled sorting line’s operation. Sensitivity analyses focused on selected input variables of this model were also performed. A separate chapter is dedicated to changes in the model outputs in the case of including the waste transportation prices to the selected scenario. At the end of the thesis, the influence of increased material separation of plastic waste on the lower heating value of residual mixed municipal solid waste is evaluated.
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Sink disposers and theirs importance in biological degradable waste removal.
Amemori, Anna ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Doležalová, Markéta (referee)
Some 30 - 50 % of municipal solid waste (MSW) is biodegradable waste. Most of this waste is sent to landfills or incinerated and is not recovered. According to Waste Management Plan of Czech Republic based on the Landfill Directive of EU, Czech Republic should to reduce weight of biodegradable waste sent to lanndfills to 75 % in 2010 and 35 % in 2020 compared with the amount that had been landfilled in 1995. In rural areas biodegradable waste is fed to animals or treated by home composting. However in urban areas the collection of separated biowaste is problem for a long time. Food waste disposers (FWDs) presents interesting alternative for the biowaste disposal. They enable the separation of food waste at source by shreding it in a kitchen sink. FWDs utilize existing infrastructure of sewer system to transport shreded wastes to wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Wastes can be disposed in WWTPs by anaerobic digestion - the best method for disposal of food waste of animal origin. This work concentrates on literature research of studies about feasibility of FWD as a instrument for biodegradable waste removal and compares arguments for and against using of FWDs in households. Majority of studies shows no complications in sewer system and on WWTP after instalation of FWDs. Energetic and hydraulic consumption...
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Modelling of solid waste treatment with GIS
Jiřičková, Kateřina ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Balner, Petr (referee)
Under the current waste legislation in both European Union and Czech Republic, material recovery is preferred over other types of municipal solid waste treatment. However, waste collection systems have negative environmental impacts. This thesis deals with modeling and optimization of waste collection routes, which should lower their impact. The model makes use of the ArcGIS software system and operations research to optimize routes. Inputs of the model are the amount of waste produced in the region, locations of the final facilities, and their capacities. The amount of waste produced per district was estimated to be the portion of total waste produced corresponding to the number of inhabitants of given district. Final facilities are the assorting lines. Distances between districts and final facilities were computed by Network Analyst Extension of ArcGIS. The index method assigns the assorting lines to districts in a way that minimizes total distance traveled by waste collection vehicles, while respecting the capacity of the assorting lines. Outputs are waste collection routes and the distance, per waste type, traveled by the waste collection vehicles. The model allows changing the input data to observe changes in the waste collection system. The model was applied to the data from the capital of...
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