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Vývoj střední délky života a dlouhověkosti v ČR
Fridrichová, Barbora ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Langhamrová, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis analyzes trends in life expectancy of long-living people in the Czech Republic. Aim of this study is to compare developments in life expectancies for long-living people in the Czech Republic and Austria between 1960-2014, both in terms of predetermined age groups and between both sexes. This work also includes a projection of mortality rates and life expectancy. Projections are calculated for year 2050, specifically for people of 60 years and older, and it is based on mortality projections from the Czech Statistical Office. Values are given for men and women separately. While calculations and estimates show that life expectancy is extending, it impacts most developed countries with the burden of aging population, manifested by overal decline in mortality rates and increasing amount of elderly people. Historically in most societies an 80 year old, or older person was a rarity, but in recent years their number is increasing to the point of being a new normal. This trend is obviously positive, but it does pose a number of challenges for the respective societies, especially for their pension, social security and medical systems.
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Healthy Life Years
Faltysová, Kateřina ; Vrabcová, Jana (advisor) ; Růžková, Jiřina (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to clarify the concept of Healthy Life Years. This concept is based on summary measures of population health which are able to quantify health. However, the main goal of the thesis is to discover which morbidity scenarios fit the selected countries. The thesis contains analysis of Life Expectancy and Healthy Life Years conducted by the time indexes for newborns and population aged 65 in the Czech Republic. The results of this fit the morbidity compression theory. This analysis is also done for Estonia and Luxemburg, which are representing the best and the worst countries in 28 countries of European Union in Healthy Life Years. Both of these countries fit to the morbidity expansion theory. Moreover, these countries are compared by Better Life Index, which is initiated by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, which determines that health of the population is influenced by more dimensions of life.
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Evaluation of selected impacts of elimination and longevity of dairy cows
VLACHOVÁ, Iva
The aim of this thesi is the evaluation of selected impacts of elimination and longevity of Holstein and Czech spotted dairy cows on the Ing. Bohuslav Vacka´s farm in Vrchotovy Janovice according to the reason of this elimination, the age at the first calving, milk production of the first milk lactation, lifetime milk lactation and the number of milk lactation during the lifetime. I also evaluated functional longevity (from the first calving to retirement) and the longevity of life (from the birth to retirement) of retired dairy cows and the relationship between age at the first calving, milk production of the first lactation and lifetime milk production. In monitoring were included 359 pieces of cows eliminated during five years, from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014. From these, 217 pieces of Holstein cows and 142 pieces of Czech spotted cows. Both breeds were stalled in the same barn with the same nutrition. At the monitored group were eliminated altogether 31.22% of dairy cows. Holstein cows were excluded very often from other medical reasons (28.57%) and the Czech spotted cows for fertility disorders (45.77%). Higher milk productivity and higher average number of lactations for the life reached eliminated Holstein cows in comparison with the Czech spotted cows. Longer lifetime longevity reached Holstein cows (63 months) than Czech spotted cows (53.6 months) and among them was found highly significant difference at a significance level of p 0,001. Higher longevity and lifetime milk production in kg of milk reached Holstein cows calved in 25 to 26 months and Czech spotted cows calved within 27 to 28 months. The relationship between age at the first calving and lifetime milk production at Holstein (r = 0.018) and Czech spotted cows (r = 0.0434) proved to be an insignificant dependence and the relationship between milk production at the first lactation and lifetime milk production at Holstein (r = 0.3317) and Czech spotted cows (r = 0.4436) proved to be as a highly significant correlation (p 0.001).
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Vliv vybraných faktorů na užitkovost a dlouhověkost dojnic u stáda českého strakatého skotu
KŮSOVÁ, Hedvika
The aim of this study was to evaluate of selected factors on milking yeild and longevity of Czech Fleckvieh cattle. There were monitored the indicators of the amount of milk for the first lactation in kg, the lifetime performance in kg, the age at the first calving, the functional longevity in days, the lenght of the service period, the lenght of the meantime days, the live weight in kg, the elimination of the causes from the breed. 273 culled cows were included. The relationship between some of the observed factors were signifiant such as the amount of milk yeild on the first lactation and the lifetime performance. In the opposite, there was no signifiant relationship between the age at the first calving and the functional longevity. The milk performance at first calving has been increasing with the age.
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Influence of selected factors on fertility and longevity of cows of Holstein cattle
KAUTSKÁ, Jitka
This thesis deals with the influence of level of yield, causes putting out dairy cows from the breed and age at first calving on fertility and longevity of dairy cows of Holstein cattle in the agribusiness Agropodnik Košetice, a.s. Monitored indicators of dairy cows of Holstein cattle were the amount of milk in the first lactation in kg, functional longevity in kg of milk, functional longevity in days and the causes of elimination of dairy cows from the breed. From the results of monitored herd it can be concluded that prolongation of age at first calving will increase functional longevity in days statistically significantly. In contrast, there was not found statistically significant effect of age at first calving on functional longevity in kg of milk. Ascertained results of the monitored dairy herd did not confirm that increasing milk yields deteriorated reproductive indicators. The length of the service period was shortened statistically significantly with increasing the yield of milk in kg per one hundred days ((P 0,05), with the yield for the first entire lactation (P 0,001) and the order of lactation (P 0,001). In the monitored herd the dairy cows that were eliminated due to postpartum paresis (2570.70 days) reached the highest longevity and also reached the highest milk production for functional longevity in kg of milk (49,919.95 kg).
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Novel roles for the corpus allatum hormone in the cost of sexual interactions in the linden bug Pyrrhocoris apterus
PROVAZNÍK, Jan
The decrease of lifespan by mating is a common, yet poorly understood occurrence. Juvenile hormone (JH) is widely believed to mediate shortened lifespan in insect, caused by mating. In this study we tested the role of JH in the linden bug (Pyrrhocoris apterus) by removal of the corpus allatum gland and thus the JH source. We then proceeded to study the lifespan of mated animals vs. virgin animals. Virgin animals without JH live longer as was expected. The effect on mated animals is however different between males and females. Surprisingly in females, JH seems to lower the cost of mating. In males, on the other hand, the cost of mating seems to be independent on JH levels. Another surprising conclusion is that the level of JH in females affects the lifespan of males that mate with such females.
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The Effect of rearing and age at first calving on the performance and longevity of Holstein dairy cattle
SMRČINA, Tomáš
This thesis examines the influence of the level of rearing and age at first calving on performance and longevity of Holstein dairy cattle in the company ZD Krásná Hora nad Vltavou C. The quantity of milk per kg in the first lactation, functional longevity in kg of milk, functional longevity and longevity in days belong among the indicators observed by cows of Holstein cattle. The results of the monitored herds can be concluded that extension of age at first calving is statistically significant on the amount of milk in the first lactation, on functional longevity in kg of milk, on functional longevity and longevity in days. In contrast, no significant influence of the weight was elicited by observed indicators. The highest longevity in the monitored herd was achieved by the cows that were excluded for a difficult birth and also achieved the highest milk yield for functional longevity in kg milk and observation for the highest average in the number of lactations for life.
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Evaluation of indicators of performance and longevity in dairy herd of red Holstein cattle
VONDRA, Vojtěch
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects selected for milk production, fertility and longevity in dairy herd of Holstein cattle (RED). Data processing for the thesis was collected from cows that ended the lactation period from 1 October 2012 to 30 September 2013, ie during the previous inspection year. From the reports were selected information on lactation, genotype, milk yield, meantime, service period, due to retirement, days of lactation and age at first calving for each cow separately. By tracking and a total of 274 cows Holstein cattle (RED) genotypes R1 (R88% or more), R2 (R76% - 87%) and R3 (R51% - 75%). There were statistically significant differences (P <0,05) milk yield of dairy cows with genotype R3, divided by lactation. When the third lactation had the highest yields (8,520 kg of milk). In the thesis was relationship between age at first calving and lifetime performance (rxy = -0,21). The relationship between age at first calving and age at retirement wasn´t demonstrated. Other differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The highest yield of dairy cows in the investigated group reached the second lactation (7571 kg of milk). The average time of insemination interval was 71 days, best service period amounted to dairy cows on the third and higher lactation (107 days). The average length of the interim reporting for dairy herd does not exceed the limit of 400 days. Shortest age at first calving cows reached genotype R1 and R2 (777 days). Longevity culled dairy cows in lactation was 2,8.
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Influence of life style on seniors´ health.
HAPLOVÁ, Lada
The age of population has been protracting while the age limit for retirement has been increasing. On the one hand there are seniors who live to old age but they are in a relatively good health condition as same as their mental condition and state of mind. On the other hand there are among us the fellow citizens who became ill at a relatively early retirement age of civilization diseases. The aim of this thesis is to map the lifestyle of today´s seniors who lived to old age so that today´s young people and middle-aged people could spend their old age in the best health conditions and leisurely enjoy the retirement age because of its delayed coming. I have chosen qualitative research for ney diploma work. I hawe used the technique af half centrollet interview.
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