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Causes, impacts and solutions erosion in the region
Nocarová, Martina ; Janků, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Karel, Karel (referee)
Target of this thesis is to assess erosion risks in the region Podkrkonoší. The region Podkrkonoší, especially district Trutnov, is exposed to serious problems of erosion. Significant erosion affected areas in district Trutnov are cadastral areas Kocbeře, Dubenec and Rtyně v Podkrkonoší. Erosion processes are appearing repeatedly on same locations, which cause to massive entrainment of quality topsoil.
Thesis is focused on cadastral area Rtyně v Podkrkonoší. This area is the most affected by erosion processes. This thesis describes specific locations repeatedly affected by erosion processes. The most affected areas are: Žabárna, U Trhovky, U Horní zastávky, Pod Bohdašínem, K Bohdašínu, Nad Pekárnou and K Vodojemu. The thesis is monitoring, which types of plants are grown in these areas and in what months erosion processes occur the most often, which kind of anti-erosion precautions are used and how are these precautions effective. The thesis tries to find out, if the erosion processes are repeating due growing of plants in the wide lines (65 cm). The work researches specific land blocks according to their endangerment. Each land block is classified to a category of endangerment according DZES 5 (severely threatened by erosion, slight threatened by erosion and land block which are not threatened by erosion), according to the maximum permissible value of cover-management factor (Cp - severely threateden, threatened, slight threatened and not threatened). Calculation of average soil loss by using methods USLE (equation of Wischmeier and Smith) was used for all of land blocks, which were affected by erosion processes. The result is that in all cases the permissible soil loss (4 t.ha-1.rok-1) was exceeded.
In this thesis, anti-erosion precautions were proposed, for example, for locality Žabárna, due to high frequency of erosion processes and therefore high financial losses for land owners, municipality and local residents.
Target of this thesis is to ascertain, if the legislative protection of soil in The Czech Republic is adequate.
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An analysis of land fund of Domažlice district
Hovorka, Jan ; Janků, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
This thesis analyzes the land in Domažlice. In this border region is experiencing significant changes in land use and thus to changes in the structure of the landscape. The work focuses mainly on the protection of soil and landscape structure in that region. It deals with not only trends in land, but the whole system of processes that changes in land fund raises. Therefore, it is also engaged in the wider context of spilling over into other areas.
In the introductory section readers outlines the social significance of soil and land resources, but also the landscape and its structure. The following describes some of the processes that occur in the country, including their impact. The following section is devoted to real estate records (katastrům), their importance and fundamental historical changes in the register of real estate. He also records of agricultural land. Subsequently also describes factors that affect the status of the land fund of the Czech Republic, including state policy and the European Union. There is described a land market and the price of land in the Czech environment. The whole chapter is concluded by a brief description of the historical development until now. The literature search should provide an overall view of issues, including relations with adjoining areas.
Another part is devoted to the identified region Domažlice. There are analyzed the conditions and diversity of this region and its historical development, because only with such knowledge can achieve an objective assessment of the issue. It also established a methodology for the job.
Part of the results is devoted to the results of background and results of individual investigations, which are in the following section compared with current scientific knowledge and partly to the socially accepted attitude.
The conclusion summarizes the results of this thesis and provided the achievement of hypotheses that have been identified in the introductory part. There are also problems outlined and possibly offered the best solution. Part of the annex is devoted to image the documents, which illustrate the text part.
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The soil protection in Czech republic and European Union
Gavlasová, Iva ; Marton, Daniel (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Bachelor's work affects and documents the basic degradation processes in the soil, agricultural and forest, which belongs to the natural wealth of our country. Further points to the legislative provisions relating to the protection of the soil in the Czech Republic and the EU and their effectiveness. Gradually are analyzed the various degradation processes, erosion, soil compaction, a land grab, desertification, salinisation and sodifikace soils, soil contamination.
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Land grabbing and land prices since 1989
MELMEROVÁ, Anna
The bachelor's thesis is focused on mapping the decrease of agricultural and especially arable land in the Czech Republic since 1989, examining the changeover of agricultural land to built-up areas, mapping the development of charges for land grabbing, evaluation of legislative conditions for the land grabbing and evaluation of opportunities to affect the land grabbing by the administration. Two hypotheses have been formulated: 1. Construction is carried out mainly at the expense of arable land - data analysis of the conversion of arable land confirmed this hypothesis. 2. Increased charges for the land grabbing in 2011 have had an effect on soil loss - comparison charges for the land grabbing with the loss of agricultural land did not confirm this hypothesis.
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Erosion threat of landscape in the context of sustainable agricultural system
SIMANDLOVÁ, Veronika
Currently there is about 54% of agricultural land at risk of water erosion. A prerequisite for sustainable agricultural development is the implementation of soil protection. Erosion control measures represent a set of measures that, in addition the priority function of reducing the losses of the soil, significantly affect the water conditions in the countryside. The topic of my thesis is the erosion threat of landscape in the context of sustainable agricultural system. The first part focuses on the literature search related to sustainable agriculture, soil erosion problems and possibilities of protection ALR (Agricultural Land Resources). The practical part is concerned with a particular territory in which comprehensive landscaping erosion control measures have been taken. The aim was to assess the condition of the above mentioned area before and after the implementation of measures. Furthermore, individual parameters were evaluated, as well as the types and localization of erosion control features in the area of interest, comparing them with the project documentation and a plan of joint facilities.
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Private law and environmental damages caused by local storm flood
Buřinská, Markéta ; Vejchodská, Eliška (advisor) ; Slavíková, Lenka (referee)
This thesis deals with compensation of environmental damages. It focuses on the possibility of this instrument to reduce damages caused by local storm flood in contemporary law system. The paper describes legislation of soil protection, flood and compensation of damages and access to solution of compensation of environmental damages in common law, in the world and in the Czech Republic. At the conclusion of the thesis is introduced an example of suit about compensation of damages caused by local storm flood and the conclusions of interview and correspondence with lawyers.
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Motivation to protect soil from erosion
Pysková, Renata ; Vejchodská, Eliška (advisor) ; Slavíková, Lenka (referee)
The aim of this paper is analysis of particular aspects which influence land users in their behaviour, acting and approach to the land protection of erosion. The paper points out factors which lead to motivation and demotivation and influence participants in order to legal aspects and owners' relation to nature resources. The main question is if land users are motivated to protect land or not. The institucional analysis of Elinor Ostrom, known as Institutional Analysis and Development Framework (IAD) is crucial to profound the results. Particular steps of the method help to cover all the questions which are significant to evaluate effectivness of politic system in order to land protection of fast erosion which interfere to many sectors of půblic economy.
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The ecological aspect emanation of zinc and copper in the cattle
JURKOVÁ, Petra
The objective of my diploma thesis was to determine the ecological impact of zinc and copper on the dairy and beef cattle breeding in the South-West Bohemia region at the farms located in the Šumava Protected Landscape Area, at the elevation from 750 m to 1070 m. The research included 4 cattle breeding farms, Posobice and Nemilkov {--} dairy cattle, and Hartmanice, Keple {--} beef cattle. In my thesis, I first evaluate the importance of zinc and copper as important mineral matters and their overall influence of the cattle organism. Furthermore, I evaluate their manifestations when these matters are lacking or in surplus in the organism. The final part of the thesis comprises two areas of findings. The first part focuses on the total intake in feed and mineral additives, the level of their content in blood plasma and their quantity excreted by cattle in the individual dairy and beef cattle breeding farms specified above. The second part researches the release of zinc and copper to the environment.
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Land adjustment evaluation in light of soil protection in Southern Bohemia.
KOULOVÁ, Lucie
Student thesis deals with soil conservation from effects of water erosion. In most territories, where land adjustment were done still, only mild erosion threat was found out and designed against {--} erosive measures were consequently minimal in these areas. There were mostly expulsion of maize from crop rotation, grassing or projection of a new rural road so as it interrupts slope. For example of such land adjustment there was complex land adjustment Vitín adduced and evaluated. Land adjustment Horní Stropnice was chosen for more detailed solution, there was a higher erosion threat found out by calculation of soil transport. The area was split in blocks, in which soiltransport was counted by means of Wischmeier-Smith equation for various values of factor R. Then soiltransport after realization of against {--} erosive measures was counted. Component against {--} erosive measures were evaluated and their execution in terrain was found out. Results show a problem with determination right value of factor R and a fact, that designed against {--} erosive measures stay mostly unimplemented.
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