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Determination of organic substances in tar formed after biomass combustion and gasification
Hájek, Radek ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Biomass pyrolysis and gasification techniques count among basic technological procedures for its use as a source of energy. As a side-effect, production of tar can be considered. Tar is a complex mixture of various organic compounds and affects negatively both the environment and the facilities where biomass is processed. Within the scope of this master thesis the analysis of tar samples from different materials was performed. As an appropriate analytical method the gas chromatography combined with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) was chosen. The concentrations of volatile organic compounds known as BTEX, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and phenolic compounds were assessed.
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Biomass boilers with high outputs
Chmelíček, Jiří ; Štelcl, Otakar (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with biomass boilers with high outputs. The thesis is divided into several parts. The first part is characterized by biomass, characteristics and modifications are described. In the second part of this thesis combustion process is described briefly, there is short talking about types of boilers with high outputs in this part. In the next part there are examples of boilers. The last part is about users of biomass boilers.
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Biomass boilers
Jelen, Richard ; Štelcl, Otakar (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with biomass boilers. The first part is dedicated to biomass, its distribution, characteristics and potential. The second part describes a combustion process, construction and severance of biomass boilers. The last part of this thesis compares the selected biomass boilers from an economic perspective.
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Overview of information resources on biomass combustion
Komárek, Martin ; Bělohradský, Petr (referee) ; Hájek, Jiří (advisor)
The Bachalor's work is concerned to the mapping of the information resources in the area of biomass combustion. The main aim and theme on wich is the work mainly focused on, is to introduce basic, as well as related information sources, which from is possible obtain useful and valuable datas for any further manipultion together with research of biomass combustion and scene field of energetics, as the integral part. Significant attention in each chapter si aslo put on the gathering practice - oriented and applied informations.
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Boilers with medium capacity for biomass combustion of czech and foreign production
Habán, Tomáš ; Kropáč, Jiří (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
The main objective of this work is to focus on biomass as one of the components of renewable energy sources for the production of thermal energy by combustion. The introduction of work maps the current state of biomass used in the Czech Republic. It evaluates options for future uses for biomass and also the size of the potential in the natural conditions of the Czech Republic. It also views this renewable resource from the point of view of energy conception and evaluace the government positron on this issue. Next part deals with the combustion of biomass and with the use of created thermal energy. It ruminate a problem of pollutants and shows values for emission limits results from the legislation. It shows ways of using this thermal energy and the associated production of electrical energy including an overview of the possibilities of its evaluation. The last part of this work describes a comparison between biomass boilers from Czech and foreign producers in the range of rated output 1 to 3 MW. It divides boilers in terms of legislation and shows the obligations and conditions attached to the operators of biomass boilers. It outlines the biggest application of boilers with medium capacity for biomass combustion in the Czech Republic.
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The environmental aspects of biomass boilers operation
Slavíček, Martin ; Urban, Lukáš (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
The content of this thesis focuses on the subject of biomass usage for energetic purposes. The introduction deals with the renewable energetic resources and their utilization and utilization of the biomass as a fuel, its division and characteristics. The following part deals with the legislation in the Czech Republic for the machinery used for combustion of biomass and its standards. Examples of different technology used in boilers and generators for biomass is mentioned as well. Then the biomass emissions with their specific values are discussed.
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Energy use of agriculture biomass by combustion
ŠPAČEK, Zdeněk
This thesis deals with combustion of lignocelluloses biomass with comparison to cellulose-lignin biomass and with appropriateness of different combustion technologies in the context of the impact on the environment. Furthermore, the thesis deals with content of the heating value in the individual fuels. The heating value capacity was measured experimentally in different kinds of biomass by method of dry distillation and these results were statistically evaluated and and discussed with the findings taken from literature. On the basis of literature data, differences have been discovered in lignocelluloses fuels in terms of calorific value and heating value, calorific values were in average from 15,3 MJ/kg to 16,8 MJ/kg and heating values were 17,5 18,1 MJ/kg. While in cellulose-lignin fuels these differences are not that big and are within values of 19,5 MJ/kg for heating value and an average calorific value is around 18,4 MJ/kg. Measuring of the content of tar and other residual fluid fractions in five the most commonly used bio-fuels from agricultural production (wheat straw, rape straw, hay, energy crops, digestate from biogas station). After statistical evaluation of data, it revealed the difference in content of tar between the wheat straw and digestate (P 0,05; on average 40,48 % for wheat straw and 29,58 % for digestate).
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