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Gynaeological malignancy. Screening and prevention. Focused on HPV infection
Diblíková, Šárka ; Turyna, Radovan (advisor)
Cancer is currently a great problem modern medicine. Apart from hereditary factors also applied a lot of influences the external and internal environment of the individual . Major role to play in the emergence of cancer and viruses as intracellular parasites that are completely bound to the cell and are able to interact directly with the cell's genome or its regulatory proteins. Malignant cell transformation is a multistep process in which formation involving many factors , which are known as carcinogens . You can then divided into biological, physical and chemical . An important property of malignant transformed cells is the ability of unlimited division, which is independent of action and growth inhibitory factors. Tumor cell becomes virtually immortal . In addition to uncontrolled growth and multiplication occurs to changes in cell function . Another problem is the invasive growth into surrounding tissue , which may be necessary in certain areas of very serious complications , for example in the brain. On the surface of tumor cells are expressed for certain tumors specific antigens (TSA ) or tumor associated antigens (TAA ) . The karyotype of these cells often find chromosomal aberrations and occurs in them to chromosomal instability
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Study of metal- tungsten oxide model system by methods of electron spectroscopy and diffraction
Polášek, Jan ; Mašek, Karel (advisor) ; Starý, Vladimír (referee)
In the present thesis structure, morphology, chemical and electronic properties of the Pt - Au/tungsten oxide model system were investigated by means of RHEED, AFM and PES. The epitaxial tungsten oxide thin films were prepared by oxidation of W(110) single-crystal surface using a RF oxygen plasma source followed by thermal annealing. Gold and Platinum were deposited "in-situ" by evaporation. Gold or platinum deposition led to the growth of oriented particles having (111) epitaxial plane as well as to the growth of polycrystalline phase. Platinum encapsulation was proved by CO adsorption observed by SRPES. Deposition of the second metal led to the formation of core - shell bimetallic clusters. Detail structure of the bimetallic system depends on the order of deposited metals and the substrate temperature. Thermal stability of the system was investigated by heating up to 600 řC.
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Formulation of polyester nanoparticles.
Nosková, Veronika ; Dittrich, Milan (advisor) ; Šnejdrová, Eva (referee)
The thesis was directed to the detailed study of the influence of preparation process on parameters of size and surface charge of nanoparticles fabricated from aliphatic polyesters. Linear poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) and terpolymer of tripenterthritol with DL-lactic acid and glycolic acid with branched molecule were used as model drug carriers. Nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion-solvent distribution and evaporation method. Ethylmethylketon and ethylacetate were effective as polyester solvents, while nanoparticles prepared from dichloromethane and ethylformate were the worst in the view of evaluated parameters. Nanoparticles prepared from methylformate and methylacetate solutions were polydisperse, because of the dual mechanism of their formation by dispersion by shear stirring and simultaneously by spontaneous turbulent efflux of solvent into the external aqueous phase. Extremely low concentrations of emulsifiers in the range from 0,025 % to 0,20 % were used. As emulsifying agents were more efficient sodiumlaurethsulfate and laurylhydroxysultain as sodiumlaurylsulfate. Changes of pH towards acid and alkaline side had not influence the characteristics of samples. Nanoparticles were consolidated very rapidly, they were stabilized in the short time interval from twenty to sixty seconds in the...
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Preparation and Properties of Mercury Films on Solid Amalgam Surface
Josypčuk, Bohdan
There have been suggested a simple electrolyzer and a reliable procedure for preparation of mercury films with precisely defined thickness on a conducting surface. A small volume of electrolyte which can be used more times and a paste amalgam which cannot spill substantially decrease a risk of environment contamination. Measurements were parallelly performed on a liquid mercury free silver solid amalgam electrode (AgSAE), on a mercury meniscus modified AgSAE and on HMDE for comparing their properties with those of the mercury film electrodes (MF-AgSAE). A current response of the film electrodes is the biggest. The peak width, which determines the method resolution, is smallest on the film electrodes. Range of working potentials on MF-AgSAE is comparable with one on HMDE in different supporting electrolytes.
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Application of radiation emitted from local areas of PN junction for solar cell diagnostics
Krčál, Ondřej ; Raška, Michal (referee) ; Macků, Robert (advisor)
The microplasma discharges in the PN junction local defect micro-regions are as a rule, accompanied by the emission of light. This radiation from solar cell PN junctions was measured by means of a optical fibre connected to the optical input of a photomultiplier. By inching the fibre by means of computercontrolled X-Y plotter above the cell surface a 2-D image of the irradiation local regions has been created. It is seen that a cell of a superficial area of 100 square cm contains a large number of defects, which depends on applied reverse voltage. This method can be a convenient tool for study and diagnostics of optoelectronic devices.
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Štulc, Tomáš ; Češka, Richard (advisor) ; Vaverková, Helena (referee) ; Mareš, Jan (referee)
Lipid lowering treatment substantially reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The effects of lipid lowering go far beyond limiting the extent of atheroslcerotic lesions and decreasing the severity of atherosclerotic stenoses. Recently recognised effects of cholesterol on plaque stability, endothelial function, thrombosis, and plaque inflammation have been subject to intensive research during the past two decades. The effect lipid lowering treatment on the various aspects of the plaque development are being investigated in search of novel therapies to reduce the risk of ahterosclerosis. In this work, we examined cell adhesion molecules, microvascular reactivity and metalloproteinase PAPP-A in patients with hypercholesterolemia and investigated the effect of lipid lowering with atorvastatin and LDL-apheresis. Leukocyte and endothelial adhesion molecules mediate leukocyte recruitment into subendothelial space, contributing thus to plaque inflammation. PAPP-A is a protease which has been related to plaque instability and acute coronary events; it's role in stable atherosclerotic lesions hasn't been studied yet Microvascular reactivity is supposed to reflect endothelial function in the microvascular bed; the knowledge of the effect of hyperlipidemia on microvasculature is currently limited. Patients with...
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Analytical evaluation of drugs and novel drug candidates using HPLC
Kovaříková, Petra ; Klimeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Nobilis, Milan (referee) ; Blešová, Marie (referee)
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is one of the most frequently used analytical techniques for the analysis of drugs. HPLC methods are widely employed in all fields of the modern pharmaceutical analysis - new drugs development, quality control and assurance, the analysis of drugs and metabolites in a biological material (e.g. therapeutic drug monitoring, bioequivalence). The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the main specifics and aspects associated with HPLC analysis of drugs. The experimental part is consisted of six original research papers with appropriate comments divided in to two sections (The analysis of the drug candidates from the group of aroylhydrazone iron chelators and The stability study on selected drugs). The first section concerns with development, validation and application of new HPLC methods in the analysis of drug candidates from the group of iron chelators - pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH), salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) and pyridoxal 2-chlorobenzoyl hydrazone (o-108). Aroylhydrazone iron chelators are under the investigation as promising drug candidates. Despite these chelators have demonstrated number of interesting pharmacological effects, in fact there were no modern analytical techniques suitable for the analysis of these drug...
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Iron oxide nanoparticle modified monolithic pipette tips for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides
Křenková, Jana ; Foret, František
We have developed iron oxide nanoparticle modified monolithic pipette tips for selective and efficient enrichment of phosphopeptides. Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a co-precipitation method and stabilized by citrate ions. A stable coating of nanoparticles was obtained via multivalent interactions of citrate ions on the nanoparticle surface with a quaternary amine functionalized surface of the methacrylate based monolithic tips. The performance of the developed and commercially available tips was demonstrated with the enrichment of phosphorylated peptides from tryptic digests of caseins followed by MALDI/MS detection.
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Monolayers of platinum nanoparticles prepared by dip-coating
Černohorský, Ondřej ; Grym, Jan ; Yatskiv, Roman ; Pham, V.H. ; Hudry, D. ; Dickerson, J.H.
Platinum is a transition metal known for its catalytic properties, which are further enhanced when employed in a nanoparticle form. We have recently shown that a monolayer of Pt nanoparticles deposited on semiconductor substrates forms high quality Schottky diodes, which were used in sensitive hydrogen sensors with a detection limit of 1 ppm of H-2 in N-2. Preparation of ordered monolayers of Pt nanoparticles is essential for the understanding of the behaviour of such an interface. To obtain a hexagonal closed-packed nanoparticle array, we prepared Pt nanoparticles stabilized by oleylamine and oleic acid with a narrow size distribution and uniform shapes. A monolayer prepared by dip-coating of Si substrate in the suspension containing Pt nanoparticles showed hexagonal arrangement within separate domains with the surface coverage up to 90%. The increase of the surface coverage with increasing withdrawal speed of the dip-coating process was observed
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Depozition of hydrophobic fluorocarbon coatings by plasma polymerization methods
Petr, Martin ; Kylián, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kudrna, Pavel (referee)
In this work we study the deposition of hydrophobic fluorocarbon coatings by magnetron sputtering of polymeric PTFE target. We show what is the influence of the conditions of the deposition process - the pressure in the chamber, the RF power - on the properties of the resulting CFx thin films (their chemical composition, morphology, wettability, barrier and optical properties, stability and possible bio-aplications). In this work we use a novel way to control the morphology and the chemical composition of the surface of thin films independently by using nano-particles, both metal (Pt, Cu, Al) and polymeric (C:H, Nylon). With nano-particles we can control the hydrophobicity of thin films and we can prepare super-hydrophobic films. Work has an experimental character.
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