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Preparing of Grätzel solar cell
Gerlich, Jakub ; Strachala, Dávid (referee) ; Kadlec, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the problematic of the dye-sensitized solar cells. The thesis states the working principle of these cells. It also deals with the use of different types of dyes, counterelectrodes, electrolytes and conducting glass. The thesis also contains the principles used in measuring the effectivity of solar cells. The manufacturing process of these cells is described in this thesis. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the manufacture of cell prototypes and the measuring of their parameters.
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The use of multichannel flow cytometry in biomedicine and experimental biology
Kideryová, Linda
Linda Kideryová USE OF MULTICHANNEL FLOW-CYTOMETRY IN BIOMEDICINE AND EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY SUMMARY Flow-cytometry is a process on which large numbers of single cells are quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. This method gives information about size, granularity surface or intracellular markers of every single cell in suspension. In modern biology is worthy to perform quick, objective multiparametric analyses of cell phenotype. This project was focused on cells, which analyses are complicated by extreme rareness or lack of clearly identifying specific markers. Analysis of stromal cells of the investigated tumors (histiocytoma and tumor fibroblasts originating in squamous epithelium: basalioma (BCCF) and spinalioma (SCCF) elucidated alteration of gene expression induced by tumor cells. Tumor-derived stromal fibroblasts acquire distinct properties to shape a microenvironment conducive to altering the phenotypic characteristics of normal epithelial cells in vitro. Reproducible, quick and highly sensitive method of detection extremely rare non-haematopoetic cells (EPC, CEC) was established. Numbers of CFU-En correlate neither with circulating endothelial progenitors nor with matured endothelial cells detected by flow-cytometry. These colonies are formed in cooperation of CD14 + and CD4+ cells. Numbers of...
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) enhance the sensitivity of HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line to apoptotic effects of butyrate, anti-Fas and TNF-alpha
Vaculová, Alena ; Hofmanová, Jiřina ; Kovaříková, Martina ; Souček, Karel ; Šimek, V. ; Zadák, Z. ; Kozubík, Alois
Práce vede k závěrům, že vysoce nenasycené mastné kyseliny (pufas) zvyšují citlivost buněčné línie lidského adenokarcinomu kolonu ht-29 k apoptickým účinkům butyrátu, anti-fas a tnf-alpha
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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Properties and Transplantation Preconditioning Studied by Competitive Repopulation of the Hematopoietic Tissue
Hlobeňová, Tereza ; Šefc, Luděk (advisor) ; Filip, Stanislav (referee) ; Langmeier, Miloš (referee)
Hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are primitive cells capable of replacing terminally differentiated cells throughout life. HSCs are defined as pluripotent cells able to give rise to a number of different functional cell types and they posses a huge self-renewal capability. The process during which stem cells give rise to terminally differentiated cells occurs through a number of committed progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. The place where HSCs reside in situ is called a niche. Successful bone marrow transplantation (BMT) involves homing, seeding and engraftment of HSCs in the niche. More factors, for instance chemotherapeutics and irradiation, can influence the effect of BMT. There are indices that HSCs differ between fetal and adult life. (...) The B-lymphopoiesis derived from fetal liver remained significantly less sensitive to suppression by estrogen compared to that of adult and neonatal origin. It remained its permanent feature. Exposure of HSCs to the late-stage FL microenvironment seems to be critical and mandatory for gaining later sensitivity to estrogen. Bisphophonates do not affect hematopoiesis in the mouse. They seem to be safe in regard to the effect on hematopoietic tissue in mice.
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The Use of Multichannel Flow Cytometry in Biomedicine and Experimental Biology
Kideryová, Linda ; Smetana, Karel (advisor) ; Elleder, Milan (referee) ; Klíma, Jiří (referee)
Flow-cytometry is a process on which large numbers of single cells are quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. This method gives information about size, granularity surface or intracellular markers of every single cell in suspension. In modern biology is worthy to perform quick, objective multiparametric analyses of cell phenotype. This project was focused on cells, which analyses are complicated by extreme rareness or lack of clearly identifying specific markers. Analysis of stromal cells of the investigated tumors (histiocytoma and tumor fibroblasts originating in squamous epithelium: basalioma (BCCF) and spinalioma (SCCF) elucidated alteration of gene expression induced by tumor cells. Tumor-derived stromal fibroblasts acquire distinct properties to shape a microenvironment conducive to altering the phenotypic characteristics of normal epithelial cells in vitro. Reproducible, quick and highly sensitive method of detection extremely rare non-haematopoetic cells (EPC, CEC) was established. Numbers of CFU-En correlate neither with circulating endothelial progenitors nor with matured endothelial cells detected by flowcytometry. These colonies are formed in cooperation of CD14 + and CD4+ cells. Numbers of endothelial progenitors and matured endothelial cells are closely related with vessel endothelium...
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Electrophoretic determination of 8-hydroxy-2-deosyguanosine as the marker of oxidative stress
Bydžovská, Lucie ; Polášek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pospíšilová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Anylytical Chemistry Candidate: Lucie Bydžovská Supervisor: . RNDr. Miroslav Polášek, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Electrophoretic determination of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine as a marker of oxidative damage Abstract 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is probably the most important and well-documented product of oxidative DNA damage in biological systems. The study of oxidative DNA destruction is valuable in biomedical research and in diagnostics concerning cancer and ageing. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been tested as a highly efficient separation method for the analysis of 8-OHdG as an alternative to conventionally used HPLC. The aim of this work was to develop CE/UV method for the determination of 8-OHdG in urine samples. Optimal CE separation of 8-OHdG from other urine components was achieved with background electrolyte based on 150mM borate buffer of pH* 9.2 (adjusted with NaOH) containing 10% (v/v) of acetonitrile; 2'-deoxyguanosine was selected as optimal internal standard (IS). The detection wavelength was 282 nm. The samples analysed were standard aqueous solutions of 8-OHdG + IS and human urine spiked with 8-OHdG + IS. For increasing the sensitivity of the CE special separation capillary equipped with a...
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Příprava a charakterizace tenkých vrstev oxidů zirkonu a titanu
Krejčíková, Simona ; Matějová, Lenka ; Matěj, Z. ; Jirkovský, Jaromír ; Šolcová, Olga
Titania and zirconia belong to nanoporous materials with huge application potential in photocatalysis, dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells, electrochromic devices, sensors and other applications, especially in the form of nanolayers. Differences in surface morfology, texture and crystallinity influence their catalytic impact. Therefore special attention is focused on the detailed textural and structural characterizations of thin titania-zirconia nanolayers prepared by sol-gel templated route.
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Increasing of the efficiency of electrochemical generation of volatile form of cadmium for trace analysis using AAS
Růžková, Pavla ; Rychlovský, Petr (advisor) ; Červený, Václav (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis was an improvement of the efficiency of electrochemical generation of volatile form of cadmium used in atomic spectrometric methods. The increase of the efficiency of electrochemical generation of volatile form results in overall improvement of the sensitivity of measurement and therefore, it is possible to achieve lower values of detection limits and limits of determination. One of all the possibilities for improving of overall efficiency is a minimization of loss of volatile form of Cd during transport. Another essential possibility is coupling of the technique of electrochemical generation of volatile form of Cd with in-situ collection (and atomization) in graphite furnace of atomic absorption spectrometer. Keywords: Atomic absorption spectrometry, electrochemical generation of volatile compounds, generation efficiency, electrolytic flow-through generation cell, quartz-tube atomizer, graphite furnace, in-situ trapping, cadmium
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Benefits of quantitative sputum processing in diagnosis of respiratory tract infections
KOUBOVÁ, Lucie
Lower tract respiratory infections (LRTI) remains worldwide among one of the most common causes of morbidity and therefore the early diagnosis and timely onset of effective antibiotic therapy is very important. The most often non-invasive material from LRT sent for microbiological analysis in suspected infections of LRT is spontaneously expectorated sputum. Basic method for its processing is then microscopy and cultivation analysis. For laboratory and consequently for the attending doctor to obtain the most exact correlation between the laboratory interpretation of the result and the clinical status of the patient is to asure clinical as well as technical validity of the sample. The purpose of this work is the comparison of two bacteriological methods for processing the sputum samples ? classic cultivation method of undiluted sputum samples and quantitative sputum culture. Another aim is to evaluate whether the quantitative sputum culture when only purulent samples are cultivated allows microbiologist higher quality interpretation of the analysis result. Clinical samples of spontaneously expectorated sputum were processed at the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Antibiotic Station (KMAS), Central Laboratories, Strakonice Hospital from April to October 2012. During the six months period KMAS received in total 266 samples of sputum, out of which 230 came from the hospitalized patients and 36 came from primary and outpatients. Sputum samples were received from the patients suspected of LTRI and in most of the cases sputum was collected prior to antibiotic therapy.All the samples were analysed by both compared methods. In classic cultivation method simultaneously with the microscopic Gram analysis the sample was inoculated on selected culture media. During the quantitative sputum culture the microscopic Gram analysis was performed first and contaminated sputa coming from URT were excluded from further analysis. Quantitative sputum culture was then performed only on purulent sputum samples with low rate of squamous epitelial cells. Those were homogenised prior the cultivation itself. The results of both methods were compared with the clinical status of the patient and then clinical characteristics of the methods were statistically analysed. They allowed the assessement of the precision of a particular method. All 36 samples from outpatients and primary care patients were processedby classic cultivation method. Sensitivity of classic cultivaiton method versus quantitative culture method reached 100%/ 100%, respectively, specificity reached 69%/74%, efectivity 69%/75%, positive predictive value 3%/3%, negative predictive value 100%/100% and positive credibility of laboratory analysis equaled 3,18/ 3,89. Out of the total 266 recieved samples from hospitalized patients 130 samples (57%) were processed by quantitative sputum culture on the basis of microscopic Gram analysis. Sensitivity of classic cultivation method versus quantitative culture method for these samples reached 62%/ 72%,, respectively, specificity reached 54%/67%, efectivity 56%/68%, positive predictive value 12%/14%, negative predictive value 54%/67% and positive credibility of laboratory analysis equaled 1,13/ 2,16. On the basis of the obtained results it is possible to recommend the quantitative sputum culture as the method which improves the interpretaion in the diagnostic of LRTI in all hospitalized, outpatient and primary patients. By excluding the material which is not suitable for quantitative sputum culture is not only shortened the time for the result interpretation but also consumer material is safed in the laboratory. The sputum samples cannot be excluded exclusively on the basis of microscopy analysis. Diagnosis of the patient must to be taken into account as well. Quantitaive sputum culture in microscopically valid samples allows microbiologist predict with greater accuracy colonising suspect pathogens and isolates truly pathogenic.
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Electrochemical Characterization of TiO2 Blocking Layers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Kavan, Ladislav
Thin compact layers of TiO2 are grown by thermal oxidation of Ti, by spray pyrolysis, by electrochemical deposition, and by atomic layer deposition. These layers are used in dye-sensitized solar cells to prevent recombination of electrons from the substrate (FTO or Ti) with the hole-conducting medium at this interface. The quality of blocking is evaluated electrochemically by methylviologen, ferro/ferricyanide, and spiro-OMeTAD as the model redox probes. Two types of pinholes in the blocking layers are classified, and their effective area is quantified. Frequency-independent Mott–Schottky plots are fitted from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Certain films of the thicknesses of several nanometers allow distinguishing the depletion layer formation both in the TiO2 film and in the FTO substrate underneath the titania film. The excellent blocking function of thermally oxidized Ti, electrodeposited film (60 nm), and atomic-layer-deposited films (>6 nm) is documented by the relative pinhole area of less than 1%. However, the blocking behavior of electrodeposited and atomic-layer-deposited films is strongly reduced upon calcination at 500 °C. The blocking function of spray-pyrolyzed films is less good but also less sensitive to calcination. The thermally oxidized Ti is well blocking and insensitive to calcination.
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