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Biochars as effective sorbents for pollutant removal.
Spáčilová, Markéta ; Krejčíková, Simona ; Čárský, Milan ; Soukup, Karel ; Šolcová, Olga
Contaminants in water, various drugs, detergents or microplastics, have been a constant problem. One of the effective methods of their removal is sorption by various active sorbents such as biochar. Four various sorbents were tested in this study. Three biochars prepared from different waste plant biomass (sunflower husks, seaweed and microalgae) and commercial activated carbon - Supersorbon. The effectiveness of the sorbents was tested by diclofenac (active substance) and triclosan (disinfectant) removal. The concentration 1 ppm, which corresponed to the commonly occurring concentration was chosen for tests.\nBased on obtained results, it was found that all biochar sorbents were comparatively effective as activated carbon and thanks to their lower price, also economically advantageous.\n
Plný tet:  PDF
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Biochars - effective sorbents for pollutant removal.
Spáčilová, Markéta ; Krejčíková, Simona ; Čárský, Milan ; Soukup, Karel ; Šolcová, Olga
The growing amount of contaminants in the water has been a serious problem. Sorption is one of the effective methods for removal of various contaminants, such as drugs, detergents, or microplastics. Various sorbents are applied, whether commercial or laboratory prepared, as zeolites, bentonites, activated carbon and, more recently, various types of biochar, which are prepared by pyrolysis from variety of biomass residues. Their surface varies according to the preparation conditions (max SBET around 300 m2 / g) and there are tested under various conditions on variety of contaminants. Comparative studies of different types of biochar are rather lacking, similarly as their comparisons with commercial sorbents such as activated carbon.\nFor these reasons, this study aims to compare the sorption properties of three biochars prepared from different types of plant biomass (sunflower husks, seaweed Ecklonia Maxima and freshwater microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris), whose sorption properties were compared with commercial activated carbon, Supersorbon. The effectiveness of sorbents has been tested on diclofenac (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic drug) whose consumption is enormous worldwide and it is commonly found in water, owing to that most wastewater treatment plants do not capture it. All sorbents showed considerable efficiency, with the best results being obtained using a biochar prepared from freshwater microalgae (95%). Its high effectiveness has been verified in removing the contaminant triclosan (antibacterial and antifungal disinfectant). The concentration of contaminants (1 ppm) was chosen for testing, which corresponds to the concentrations commonly found in wastewater. Based on the result, it was found that all prepared sorbents are comparable effective with activated carbon, however, their preparation is more economically advantageous, because the price of activated carbon increases the need for subsequent activation. \n\n
Plný tet:  DOCX
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Microplastics and their removal from water using sorbents.
Spáčilová, Markéta ; Dytrych, Pavel ; Krejčíková, Simona ; Fajgar, Radek ; Šolcová, Olga
The occurrence of contaminants in water sources, microplastics or other organic pollutants, has been an increasing environmental problem. This issue is related to mapping of their occurrence in an aquatic environment and with finding of possible ways regarding their elimination. The prepared microplastic particles of five most-frequently used plastics (polyethylene, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene glycol terephthalate and polystyrene) were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Raman spectroscopy and the infrared spectroscopy (IR). The obtained microplastic particles were used for preparation of simulated water contaminated with microplastics. The prepared simulated samples of water contaminated with microplastics were used for the development of a methodology for determining the number of contained microplast particles. Furthermore, the possibilities of a microplastic removal from simulated samples by sorbents based on natural bentonites and zeolites were tested. It was confirmed that the effectiveness of sorbents depends on their composition and textural properties and could be increased by their modification.
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Aplication of Photocatalytic Processes for Contaminated Water Cleaning
Maléterová, Ywetta ; Krejčíková, Simona ; Spáčilová, Lucie ; Cajthaml, Tomáš ; Kaštánek, František ; Šolcová, Olga
The necessity of finding the alternative solutions for environmental protection leads to development and use of the new technologies. Photo-catalysis has been applied as a promising technique for the wastewater decontamination and/or purification using semiconductor particles have found increasing interest to solve the resistant pollutants remove problems. This study is focused on verification of the specially designed photoactive materials and their modified versions suitable for photo-processes carried out upon illumination in the UV light.TiO2 as a photocatalyst immobilized in thin layers on glass beads or glass tubes were used for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol and endocrine disruptors namely 4-nonylphenol, 17-ethynylestradiol and bisphenol A in water solution with allowance of the toxicity of final water. Experiments demonstrate the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation for all compounds in both types of photocatalytic reactor (batch and continual arrangement) was 85% in average. The toxicity and the estrogenity of final water were monitored. The long term efficiency of titania catalyst was also proved.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22013103010060 - PDF
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Příprava a charakterizace tenkých vrstev oxidů zirkonu a titanu
Krejčíková, Simona ; Matějová, Lenka ; Matěj, Z. ; Jirkovský, Jaromír ; Šolcová, Olga
Titania and zirconia belong to nanoporous materials with huge application potential in photocatalysis, dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells, electrochromic devices, sensors and other applications, especially in the form of nanolayers. Differences in surface morfology, texture and crystallinity influence their catalytic impact. Therefore special attention is focused on the detailed textural and structural characterizations of thin titania-zirconia nanolayers prepared by sol-gel templated route.
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Strukturní studie tenkých titaničitých vrstev
Šolcová, Olga ; Matějová, Lenka ; Krejčíková, Simona ; Matěj, Z. ; Kužel, R. ; Strýhal, Z.
Our study is focused on the relationship between the number of oxyethylene units in nonionic surfactants used for preparation of a set of various titania layers by dip-coating via the sol-gel method and morphology, roughness, type of titania phase and textural properties of the prepared titania layers. Additionally, the contact angle determination as a rapid and easy method suitable for evaluation of the surface quality of the prepared titania layer has been tested, too.
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