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The influence on postoperative analgesia by preemptive analgesia
Fricová, Jitka ; Stříteský, Martin (advisor) ; Štípek, Stanislav (referee) ; Kršiak, Miloslav (referee)
The aim of our study was to assess the changes of free radicals and other biochemical parameters after nociceptive stimulation in different experimental animal models. In patiens we detected whether preemptive analgesia had a positive effect on acute postoperative pain. Objective evaluation of pain intensity is a long-term problem because the objectification of using electrophysiological and imaging methods is currently difficult and expensive, and therefore in laboratories in the Czech Republic and many other places are used the evaluation by means biochemical methods. We implemented large experimental studies using mechanical, inflammatory and visceral nociception and we found out in particular that nitroxid and hydroxyl free radicals and singlet oxygen increased significantly after nociceptive stimulation. This increase can be suppressed by antioxidants. At the same time, we showed that some parameters of metabolism lipids, carbohydrates and proteins have also been changed. In particular, we measured the free hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen by EPR method in the tail of living and anesthetized rats. This method is absolutely a priority and has never been used before. Earlier experimental results were partially clinically verified using different types of acute and chronic pain in humans...
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Laboratory examination methods in pregnancy focused on screening of congenital malformations in the fetus
SPOUROVÁ, Jana
In my bachelor´s thesis, I deal with screening examination methods in pregnancy, focusing on revealing the risk of congenital developmental anomalies. It is a complex of examinations combining the laboratory determination of biochemical markers in the maternal serum with parameters of ultrasound screening. In the first and early stages of the second trimester the plasmatic protein A and a free beta sub-unit of chorio gonadotropin is examined. The examination is combined with the ultrasound examination of nuchal translucency. In the second trimester of pregnancy, most often in the 15-17th weeks of the pregnancy it consists of the determination of alfa- fetoprotein and choriogonadotropin, sometimes moreover with the non-conjugated estriol. In the laboratory of the clinical biochemistry Privamed of the Municipal Hospital in Plzeň I measured 60 samples of maternity serum for screening in the first trimester and 60 samples for screening in the second trimester on the Roche Elecsys 2010 appliance. I evaluated all the samples in the co-operation with the laboratory for Genetics Plzeň s.r.o. in Alpha software, processing the entered values of biochemical markers, the values measured by the ultrasound and the clinical data of the patient. Out of 60 samples for the first trimester screening, 2 were positive for trisomy of the 21st chromosome and 1 for trisomy of the 18th chromosome, the remaining 57 were negative. Out of 60 for screening in the second trimester, 3 samples were positive for trisomy of the 21st chromosome and 2 for the defects of the neural tube. The positive screening, however, does not mean the presence of the defect, only the increased risk of occurrence. The woman with the positive result of screening are being offered mostly one of the methods of the prenatal diagnostics, for the performance of which taking the amniotic fluid or chorionic villus is necessary, which is invasive for the woman. Prenatal diagnostics focuses first of all on the determining the karyotype of foetus.
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Paediatric nursing care of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus on insulin pumps.
MARŠÁLKOVÁ, Blanka
The purpose of this thesis was to familiarise the care for the child patient with diabetes mellitus type 1, which is treated using an insulin pump. To highlight not only the positive aspects of this therapy, but also the difficulties that cause the paediatric patients and their parents' fear of change in treatment. The theoretical part comes from academic literature, credible scientific articles and Internet resources. It explains the nature and cause of the disease, highlights the acute and chronic complications, further clarifies the treatment using the insulin pump while it precedes the treatment of insulin pens and does not forget the role of a nurse, who is an irreplaceable element in the treatment and should be an equal partner of the physician and a support for the child and their parents. The empirical part establishes research goals, on which four research questions were based. Data were analysed by qualitative research using half standardized interview techniques, secret observation with content analysis of data. The first objective was to determine whether the family caring for a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus notice differences in care during the transfer from the insulin pen therapy to treatment with insulin pump. The second objective was to set out to determine the readiness of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their parents for treatment with an insulin pump. The third objective was to identify complications occurring in a paediatric patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated using an insulin pump. The fourth objective examined the role of nurses in treating children with type 1 diabetes mellitus using an insulin pen, insulin pump, and the transition from insulin pen therapy to treatment with an insulin pump. The research questions were as follows: 1. What are the differences in perception of family caring for a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus in its transition from Treatment using insulin pen to treatment using insulin pump? 2. Are the children with Type I diabetes and their parents using the given information relating to the change of treatment? 3. What complications occur in a child patient with Type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin pump? 4. What are the roles of nurses in caring for a child with Type I diabetes mellitus treated with insulin pen, insulin pump, which has been transferred from treatment with insulin pen to an insulin pump therapy? Results of the investigation will help children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their parents with better understanding of insulin pump therapy and will be used as a form of presentation during one of the educational meetings.
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The influence of intravenously administeres lactoferrin in early phase of coronnary thrombosis - histopathological analysis
Škrle, Jan ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Lactoferin (La) is an 80-kDa iron-binding glykoprotein. It shares a high degree of homology at amino acid sequence level and also the three dimensional conformation level with transferin. Afinity of Lf to iron is about 260times higher than that of transferin. Lf is present physiologically in exocrine secretions, eg.: tears, saliva, milk, sinovial fluid, seminal fluid and in the secondary granules of neutophils. The precise function of Lf in organism is considered to be very complex and is still a hot subject of scientific disputation. Lf was documented to act as antimicrobial, antiinflamatory and antitumoral agent. These effects are probably based on its iron chelating properties. Similarly La inhibits hydroxyl radical formation via Fenton reaction due to chelation of free iron. The catecholamine model of myocardial injury, represented by administration of synthetic catecholamine isoprenaline (ISO), posseses many pathophysiological similarities with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The only possibility for myocardial tissue recovery in AMI represents the reperfusion of ischaemic myocardium. But this process is associated with tissue derangement due to burst of hydroxyl radical catalyzed by free iron (Fenton reaction). Therefore La has been proposed to have potentially positive effects in a catecholamine...
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Inhaled analgesia nitrous oxide during labour.
BŘEZINOVÁ, Nicola
Childbirth is a physiological activity, every woman who is planning a baby, she must also prepare for this process. Unfortunately, many women have a great fear of childbirth. Whether this fear relates to an unknowen environment, or the willingness or unwillingness of medical staff, so it usually refers to the fear of pain, which is inevitable in childbirth. Some women are supporters of Unmitigated pain, but we live in the 21st century, where the history of medicine got progressed very forward. And so, it is possible to allow the woman natural childbirth, but also women can be easily remedied from the pain, and I think that a woman need not be ashamed that, she would like to have a rest during this process, which is made possible thanks to analgesia, but also leads birth to a successful conclusion. Another fear that accompanies women in childbirth is fear of the baby. Most women also rejects painkiller because of negative effects on the child. Of course, there is quite extensive choice in pharmaceutical market of how to relieve the pain of women in childbirth. The most commonly used and most popular among women is epidural analgesia, or infusion of semi-synthetic opioid nalbuphine. When using the infusion solution application is the easiest. If women choose epidural analgesia, the next question from women is if the application hurts and what the risks are. It is well known among the public that this method is invasive, but it has demonstrable effects. Another option is the inhalation of nitrous oxide, which this purely theoretical treatment thesis is dedicated. The task of this thesis is to do the summery of the latest information. Which contains both positive aspects and negative aspects that this product carries. In this work I also presented places abroad where the use of this product is big, but also places like the USA, where the product is not used. In the Czech Republic there are hospitals which offer this analgesic method, but usage is relatively small or none. But there are hospitals where this product is in high demand. The greatest demand for this type of analgesia is at suture birth injury. In this case the composition is typically placed on a doctor and is free. But there are, of course, hospitals where you have to pay for it. Prices in our country are very different. But it is clear that this analgesia is a golden center. It has an easy application, the effect is not as comparable as with epidural analgesia, but it is completely non-invasive. Thanks to its analgesic effect stress in mothers is also releasing and the course of childbirth can improve. If a woman does not want to use this analgesia during labor, it can be selected at the suture of birth injury and the effect will be guaranteed. A significant problem in our country is that this product is not covered by health insurance. There are hospitals where epidural analgesia is charged. In contrast, the laughing gas is unknown to the public. Although there is INKA program in the Czech Republic that I have also mentioned in my work and which is intended to raise public awareness of analgesia during labor. Apart from information about nitrous oxide analgesia I have mentioned childbirth management and pain management in my theoretical thesis. In these chapters I deal with the management of childbirth at different diagnoses, as well as the leadership of birth from the perspective of the famous French obstetrician Leboyera Odent. I tried to create the whole concept work so that the individual chapters follow, because I think that childbirth pain and subsequent pain is very common. I mentioned an intresting thing in pain management which is hypnosis during childbirth. This method is also a novelty within the obstetrical analgesia, but it depends on the susceptibility and the readiness of women to use this method in practice. Susceptibility of women is also very important in the application of any analgesic methods in childbirth.
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The Effectiveness of opiate substance treatment
Kourková, Zuzana ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Říhová, Vladimíra (referee)
The thesis deals with a substance treatment of opiate addiction and determines drug abuse problems. The paper defines free and regulated market and describes drug prohibition compared with alcohol prohibition. The next part considers the theory of substitute and complement which is a basis for determination of a substance treatment. The goal of thesis is evaluating the effectiveness of substance treatment in the Czech Republic by force of cost-benefits analysis with current information. The empiric part is based upon the information about costs of substance treatment and about lost productivity. The effectiveness of substance treatment is confirmed, the amount gives after deductions for expenses an affirmative value. The next conclusion is positive appraisal of effectiveness of partial financing of Subutex, that is paid by consumer presently.
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The Behaviour of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) with a Concentration on Infant-handling in a Zoo
Hradilová, Eva ; Marván, Richard (advisor) ; Vančata, Václav (referee)
This study (1) detailly describes and analyses selected affiliative behaviours in a captive group of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) and compares all findings with results of other studies in free- ranging and captive primate groups; (2) tries to deepen our knowledge about distribution of the affiliative behaviours in terms of the biological markets theory (N06 and Hammerstein 1995) with emphasis on possible effects of dominance-submisive relations, status of females (mothers vs. non- mothers) as well as age of dependent infants and thus examines its functionality in our study group; (3) tests which hypotheses about distribution of affiliative behaviours in nonhuman primates (see Seyfarth 1977, 1980, de Waal and Luttrell 1986, Manson 1998, Bentley-Condit et al. 2001, Henzi and Barrett 2002, Kleindorfer, Wasser 2004) fit best to situation in the study group. Subjects were 12 Japanese monkeys at Olomouc Zoo (Czech Republic): 8 adult females (all > 5 years of age; 4 mothers and 4 non- mothers) and 4 dependent infants ( 0 - 4 months of age; 1 female and 3 males). In summer 2006, a total of 138 observation hours of behavioural data were gathered on 23 days. A combination of focal-animal sampling, all occurences sampling, instantaneous scan sampling and ad libitum sampling (Altman 1974) was used to score adult...
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Bullying from the view of teachers and pupils in the chosen basic school
Kimáková, Klára ; Zvírotský, Michal (advisor) ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee)
Title: Bullying from the viewpoint of teachers and students at the selected elementary school. Abstract: This paper presents views and observations on the subject of bullying from the viewpoint of teachers and students of the second level of a selected elementary school in Prague 6. The theoretical section contains definition of basic terms. Organisation of the selected school in Prague 6 is described. Research forms a major part of the Thesis. Surveys were carried out by means of questionnaires, observations and interviews. Results show a positive climate at the school created by teachers. Agressive behaviour is not overlooked and is dealt with by each teacher individually. The elementary school cooperates with a citizens group Prev-centrum which prepares preventive programs for individual classes. Bullying does take place at the school but at a much lower level than presented by media and what is common at some other elementary schools. Keywords: bullying, aggression, bullying prevention, preventive programms, solution of bullying
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Prevention of gun abuse
RYBOVÁ, Eva
Firearms misuse is a serious social problem. This poses an urgent need to handle the situation because of its social dangerousness and also for educative purposes. Firearms have become the predominant weapons used by mankind. In 20th century the development of firearms hit its most rapid pace. Firearms became effective, popular but also dreaded accessories of people. They have often changed human fate or even social structures. When used they have had a positive or negative impact according to the purpose, the period and the place. Nowadays firearms are being used for other purposes such as hunting, collecting and sport. There are special laws and regulations to be followed while using firearms in our country. Despite this fact we can see law violations and the criminal use of firearms which leads to injuries and deaths. My thesis brings the analysis of the current firearms regulations in our country. I compare statistical data from the period of 2005, 2006 and 2007 relating to persons possessing the licence to carry arms, firearm permits and legally owned fireams and the criminal offences committed by using firearms. A prevention program with the objective to reduce criminal firearm activites is suggested. It is aimed at preschool children, school children, teenagers, but also at persons owning firearm permits and licences to carry firearms themselves. The last part of the program is focused on detection of illegally owned firearms. It is the Police of the Czech Republic who organize the preventive activities with the cooperation of other state organizations. The Police of the Czech Republic are not only a repressive authority. Their service contributes to feelings of safety and happy living of citizens in our country.
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Komplexní studie krajiny Oderska
Dušková, Jana
Bachelor thesis is based on the study Oderska and surrounding area. In this thesis has been done a general review including on it the following items: history, natural conditions and environmental problems. In order to suggest possible improvements to maintain this area has been used all the available bibliography and also has been done the SWOT analysis. And also has been done a questionnaire to the citizens of Odry and the surrounding area. At the end of the thesis are written the suggestions and recommendations to improve the environmental conditions and get a positive development of Odry and the surrounding area. The main proposed solution consists in finish the construction of a sewerage network which is connected to the waste water treatment plant of Odry and surrounding area.
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