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Prevention of breast cancer
Orbeck-Nilssen, Johannes ; Šafář, Petr (advisor)
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer and the the 2nd leading cause of cancer deaths occurring in women. Each year in the United States approximately 211,000 women are diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, and close to 60,000 are diagnosed with in situ cancer. Of these patients about 40,000 are expected to die from the disease. The etiology of breast cancer is not clearly known, but it is believed to be a combination of both genetic and environmental factors. According to research about 90-95% of breast cancers occurs sporadic, while 5- 10% are believed to be inherited. The most common genetic mutations increasing the risk of cancer are BRCA1 and BRCA 2. Individuals carrying this mutation has a 60-80% lifetime risk of getting breast cancer. However, the most important risk factors associated with breast cancer are female gender and increasing age. Lifestyle related risk factors such as HRT(hormone replacement therapy), oral contraceptives, obesity, lack of exercise, alcohol consumption also contribute to an increased risk. It is important to remember that the presence or absence of risk factors does not mean you will get the disease. In fact 75% of women who get breast cancer have no other risk factors than gender and increasing age. Currently the best preventive options for breast cancer is early...
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Tourism and Terrorism
Nováková, Alena ; Fialová, Dana (advisor) ; Vystoupil, Jiří (referee)
The main objective of this study is to describe the changes that tourism industry has made because of the terrorist activities around the world. Further to study impacts that terrorist attacks have had on tourism and try to find a possibility how to prevent and minimize the negative impacts of terrorism. The study method is bibliographic search of literature and internet sources. Egypt has been chosen as a case study because in this country there are big impacts of terrorism on tourism industry. The study higlights the main motivation factors that affect tourists when they choose their holiday destination. It indicates that tourism is highly resistant industry. Final part deals with crisis management, the possibility how to prevent crisis and how to reduce their impacts. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Investigation of sugar modified pyrimidine nucleosides as potential inhibitors of Thymidine (TP) and Uridine (UP) phosphorylasis
Růžičková, Markéta ; Wsól, Vladimír (advisor) ; Boušová, Iva (referee)
1 Abstract of the thesis RŮŽIČKOVÁ M.; INVESTIGATION OF SUGAR MODIFIED PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOSIDES AS POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF THYMIDINE (TP) AND URIDINE (UP) PHOSPHORYLASE Key words: uridine phosphorylase, thymidine phosphorylase, nucleoside, inhibitor, anticancer chemotherapy, substrate specifity The work deals with the investigation of novel potential inhibitors of recombinant thymidine and uridine phosphorylases from E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The main goals of this study are the determination of kinetic parameters for natural substrates (thymidine and uridine) for recombinant TP and UP, assessment of the role of phosphate anion in the enzymatic transformations and search for new inhibitors of TP and UP. Study of UP and TP substrate specifity and activity under the various reaction conditions is desired to obtain better view to their functions and to design novel structures of potencial inhibitors. The determination of the Michaelis constant KM and reaction rate Vmax was performed at the spectrophotometer Varian Cary-300 Bio. The representation of obtained kinetic data we used the Lineweawer-Burk plot. The next point of my work was the determination of the enzymatic activity and their substrate specifity for some pyrimidine analogues by HPLC analysis of reaction mixtures. Tested compounds...
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The testaments of New Town burghers in the late middle ages
Jíšová, Kateřina ; Šmahel, František (advisor) ; Doležalová, Eva (referee) ; Pátková, Hana (referee)
Testaments are unique resource in the search for an understanding of the everyday lives of the residents of medieval towns. Through this medium it is possible to investigate religiosity, to analyse the social stratification of the population, and to map property relationships, family life or the relationship of individuals to death. In this country they have survived in a number of towns, including Český Brod, Plzeň (Pilsen), Kutná Hora, Litomyšl, Soběslav and Kadaň. The greatest number of testaments are found in Prague, where collections survive in the municipal rolls, along with inventories of effects in later periods, for almost the entire period from the 15th through to the 19th centuries. The oldest Czech testaments are in the memorial books of the Prague Old Town (MS 986, Liber vetustissimus) and date to the period beginning 1360 and ending 1419. A collection of some 80 testaments from the years 1428-1441 is to be found in a memorial tome (MS 992) of the Prague Old Town, while testaments from the Lesser Town (Malá Strana) survive in the council manual. An ever more designated agenda required the separation of books intended for the administration of effects from memorial or markets books. The New Town's Prague testaments are the most complete collection of Late Medieval testaments found within the...
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Principles and relations of the external and internal audit
Kuldová, Lenka ; Roubíčková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Kárník, Jan (referee)
The job of an auditor has still been quite a new one in the Czech Republic. It is connected with the transformation of our economy in the late 80s and early 90s. Despite its relatively short history the job's importance is going up. Just the external audit itself can lower the information inequality between the owner and the manager. Internal audit, on the other side, is a means of precaution how to prevent problems or solve them already before their coming into existence. My diploma work aimed at deeper insight into the problems of an auditor's job.
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Review of attempts to prevent autoimmune diseases
Bernot, Martin ; Novák, Jan (advisor)
The final exams of Preventive Medicine in the Master General Medicine is the development and presentation of the thesis.I chose the topic of the thesis "A review of literature attempts to preventautoimmune disease "in the field of autoimmunity, which is interesting and not entirely probádaným phenomenon. In this work, I tried to focus on the interesting findings from the search the field of autoimmunity. Closer I worked rheumatoid arthritis and possible secondary preventive and therapeutic approaches for this disease, because it is the most common autoimmune diseases.
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Methods of DNA tandem repeats analysis
Havlík, Kryštof ; Sedlář, Karel (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
This work clarifies basics of the repetitive DNA and evaluates thee tandem repeats finders, which are accessible to public free of payment. Second part describes an algorithm used for searching tandem repeats, based on converting DNA string into numerical signal. Then follows signal processing using short-time Fourier transform, formation of spectrogram and analysis for evaluating position and content of repetitive areas. Result of this work is comparison of outcomes provided by public accessible programs with results of created program and review of advantages and disadvantages.
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Prevention of the development of motor disorders by using Vojta therapy - specificity and sensitivity of the indication tests of posture reactions
Kofránková, Marie ; Doležal, Aleš (advisor)
Do MUDr.Doležala surgery I got in compulsory optional course "Children and adolescents with disabilities" kept MUDr.Palyzovou. This internship I was intrigued, so I have the theme of my thesis so i chose to deepen their knowledge and ability to monitor the psychomotor development of the child, his disorder, and I knew (and could further recommend) the possibility of preventing the development of these disorders. Research on the effectiveness of Vojta reflex locomotion methods discussed in many authors before me, and their results speak in favor of this method (this the experimental study). My work deals with diagnostic tests - positional response of the child. In the event that the response does not correspond to a given position developmental stage at which the child according to his age should be, it is appropriate correct the broken motor development as just Vojta, we prevent later complications. It is of course necessary to monitor psychomotor comprehensive child development - how it manifests itself spontaneously, what has reflexes sval.tonus, corresponds to the position of individual reactions. Postural reactions to some benefits - are not influenced by the current mood of the child in the office (they are always the same) and their use can be determined motorized vulnerable children earlier than...
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Experimental murine leishmaniasis and its application for drug discovery and study of host-pathogen interactions
Grekov, Igor ; Lipoldová, Marie (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee) ; Šírová, Milada (referee)
Leishmania spp. have a great clinical significance, being a causative agent of leishmaniasis. Leishmania is transmitted to its vertebrate hosts by phlebotomine sand flies. In vertebrates, the parasites infect professional phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages) and a variety of other cells. Clinical symptoms of leishmaniasis range from lesions, local or disseminated, to mucosal and visceral pathology. Twelve million people are infected with Leishmania and 350 million people are under risk of infection in 88 countries. Yet, no vaccine has been developed and the treatment needs significant improvement. In this regard, animal models of leishmaniasis play a key role in understanding the mechanisms of the disease and in finding ways to treat and prevent it. This thesis summarizes the results of my Ph.D. project devoted to refinement of procedures relevant to Leishmania studies and to the use of the optimized protocols for gene mapping and search for antileishmanial drugs. Large-scale cultivation of infective Leishmania parasites is important in a wide range of experimental setups. We adapted a biphasic SNB-9 medium for the large-scale cultivation of Leishmania and compared it with a common liquid medium. We also modified and optimised detection and quantification of Leishmania with PCR-ELISA by using...
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The knowledge society and open economy: impacts on the competitiveness of the Czech republic in the global world
Kamrlová, Lucie ; Petrášek, František (advisor) ; Zabranská, Monika (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on the competitive advantage of the Czech republic in the global world of nowadays. First, it is important to explain the expression a "knowledge economy" or a "knowledge society". In my thesis, I will introduce the theories of human capital, knowledge economy, innovation, economic growth and divers sources of appropriate informations. After the introduction of these theories, I will follow up with the introduction of the Lisbon strategy and its analysis. Here, I will do a comparison of the EU, Czech Republic and the global economy. The reason of this thesis is to show a possible ways of development and economic growth of the Czech Republic. The Lisbon strategy reflects the complexity of this issue. Thus, the next chapters will be about the analysis of Finland's economic transformation and its current state. Following with the short introduction and analysis of the american and french education, science and research systém and shape. Thus, those acquired knowledge will serve me to make an outline of the possible solutions for the Czech Republic because our current situation enables us to inspire ourselves in the whole diversity and uniqueness of their economic and social systems and to apply their know-how in the broader context of the Czech republic.
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