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Glucose metabolism abnormalities induced by central nervous system injury and pharmacotherapy influence on them
Kudláčková, Zdeňka
In our paper we were interested in abnormalities of glycide metabolism. The experiments were performed in normotensive male and female rats of Wistar strain as well as male and female rats of Koletsky strain. Glucose intolerance was induced in both of strains by brain ischemia (4 hours of occlusion of both common carotid arteries followed by 44-hour-reperfusion). Brain water content was used as a marker of brain edema. The effect of terguride (trans-dihydrolisuride) was tested. Brain ischemia induced glucose intolerance and brain edema in both strains of rats. Basal glycaemia was not changed by the brain ischemia in male and female rats of Koletsky strain, except female rats of the age from 5-6 months. Basal glycaemia was changed by the brain ischemia in female rats of Wistar strain, except female rats of the age of 5-6 months and in male rats of Wistar strain it was not changed, except animals of the age from 7-8 months. When we compared the effect of brain ischemia on "area under the glucose tolerance curve", we found statistically significant increase of AUC in both sexes of both strains. Long lasting terguride treatment of glycide metabolic abnormalities shows ambivalent effect. Terguride decreased statistically significant glycaemia in male rats of Wistar strain by 42,32% and in females of this...
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Meat yield of rabbits
KREJČÍKOVÁ, Klára
This bachelor thesis deals with a topic of meat yield of crossbred rabbits. The basis assumption of quality of meat production, fur and rabbit skin is a sufficient nutrition as well as genetic disposal. The nutrition and feed depend on breeding and housing technology. Nowadays many types of feed exist. The most important fact in feeding is the time. It is necessary to gain the slaughter weight as soon as possible. In the first experimental group the slaughter weight (2600 g) was gained in 70th day of rabbit's life no matter if it was female or male animal. But in the second one the slaughter weight was gained after 77 days. The increases in weeks of feeding were equal, differences in the first groups were inconclusive, and in the second one there was a difference of 15, 5 g/week (2, 2 g/day) between female and male animals. The consumption of feed was different in those two experimental groups. In the first group there was no evidence of different volume of feed between female and male animals whereas in the second one the female animals consumed more feed than male animals. The difference was 4, 3 g/day. Silybum marianum was added to the feeding mixture in concentration 1, 0 % in the first group and in 0, 2 % in the second one.
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Histological and histochemical study of the male accessory glands mosquito Culex pipiens s.l. as that of model animal human prostate
HODÍK, Jakub
ABSTRACT This thesis is a comparative histological study of accessory gonads (prostate) in model animal males. The animals compared included males of the mosquito species Culex pipiens s.l. as a representative of insects and males of the mouse as representatives of mammals. Furthermore, three staining methods applicable to histological examination of the prostate were compared. Histological and histochemical investigation of the mosquito was performed on its abdominal part or on its prepared gonads. The urinary bladder with the prostate was prepared from the male mouse. The tissue was fixed in Bouin{\crq}s fixative or in the Dubosque-Brasil modification. The fixed tissue was embedded in paraffin and sliced on a Leica rotary microtome. Two histological staining methods, viz. the Mallory method and the hematoxylin- eosin method, and one histochemical staining method, using paraldehyde-fuchsin light green orange G, were applied to the histological sections. Staining after Mallory appeared to suit best the comparative histological examinations. This technique provided the best picture of the tissues and cells in the two species studied. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, popular for mammal tissues, was not very suitable for insect tissues because the cells were not stained to a sufficient extent. As regards the staining of the male gonads with paraldehyde-fuchsin light green orange G, the result was non-representative for either species. The histological and histochemical comparative studies showed similar structures of the prostate and other organs of the male reproductive system. For insects to be usable as model animals, many investigations focussing particularly on immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy with immunolabelling or in situ hybridization will have to be performed.
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A comparison of selected ethological aspects of chosen tortoise species
BLAŽEK, David
In this thesis we studied individuals of 4 species of tortoises, often bred in captivity genus Testudo species T. hermanni, T. graeca, T. horsfieldi and T. marginata, in possession of the ZOO Hluboká nad Vltavou. We studied and analyzed their morphological parameters, size measurements, their weight and biometrical indexes, wheather they follow described sexual dimorphism as it was found out in non-captive populations. We also studied and analyzed their food preferences to find out differences between sexes and between keeping individual animal versus a group, by giving them a choice between 4 types of food (the red cabbage, leaves of dandelion and clover, and carrot roots). Sexual dimorphism displayed by different body proportions was most apparent in Testudo hermanni. In specimen from the ZOO of Testudo horsfieldi a T. graeca was sexual dimorphism less prominent. Measured Testudo females from the ZOO were in lowest, approximate and highest values bigger and heavier than males of the same species, which mirrors data from other studies of non-captive populations. Males are quicker to get to and quicker to start eating food than females. Males preffered red cabbage and carrot while the females clover and dandelion. The amplitude of preference change between individual and group experiment was not correlated by individual´s sex, species or size. We found out no apparent hierarchical enforcement from the side of faster or bigger specimen in the feeding process.
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Novel roles for the corpus allatum hormone in the cost of sexual interactions in the linden bug Pyrrhocoris apterus
PROVAZNÍK, Jan
The decrease of lifespan by mating is a common, yet poorly understood occurrence. Juvenile hormone (JH) is widely believed to mediate shortened lifespan in insect, caused by mating. In this study we tested the role of JH in the linden bug (Pyrrhocoris apterus) by removal of the corpus allatum gland and thus the JH source. We then proceeded to study the lifespan of mated animals vs. virgin animals. Virgin animals without JH live longer as was expected. The effect on mated animals is however different between males and females. Surprisingly in females, JH seems to lower the cost of mating. In males, on the other hand, the cost of mating seems to be independent on JH levels. Another surprising conclusion is that the level of JH in females affects the lifespan of males that mate with such females.
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The Exploitation of Functional Capacity of Robotic Milking Machines in System of Free Moving Animals.
REICHOVÁ, Sandra
The aim of the thesis was to assess objectively the exploitation of the functional capacity of milking machines in the system of free moving animals. There were data coming from seven agricultural companies analysed in the thesis. The data collection took place from January to November 2009. We were provided with the preliminary data by the individual farms taking part in a programme called T4C. The information on problematic dairy cows comes directly from their breeders. The average production of the dairy cows was the first assessed criterion. The highest production (28.79kg) was achieved by little private agricultural companies. The lowest production (25.22kg) was ascertained in middle-sized companies. As far as the breed of dairy cows is concerned, the Holstein dairy cows gave the highest possible amount of milk (40.43; 30.16 a 27.01 kg). The CRV Fleckvieh cattle dairy cows gave the lowest possible amount of milk (24.83; 21.04 a 22.74 kg). The assessment of the number of milking by means of the robotic milking system represents the next criterion. Little private agricultural companies showed the highest frequency of milking (140.88). Whereas the big agricultural companies showed the lowest frequency of milking (119.28). Mostly the Holstein dairy cows were milked by the robotic milking machines (130.34). On the other hand, the CRV Fleckvieh cattle dairy cows were milked least by the robotic milking machines by contrast (107.94). The middle-sized agricultural companies achieved the highest number of milking per dairy cow, per day (2.47). The little private agricultural companies proved the lowest number of milking per dairy cow (2.34). The mixed herds of the Holsteins and CRV Fleckviehs proved the rate of 2.47. The Holstein dairy cows showed the milking frequency 2.45 per day while the CRV Fleckvieh dairy cows 2.32. The dairy cows from the big agricultural companies went to be milked by the robotic milking machine most frequently from the point of view of willingness, what follows is that these dairy cows showed the highest number of refusals per one milking (2.19). The lowest values of this criterion were shown in little private agricultural companies (1.10). With reference to the breed, the values of this indicator proved the lowest number of refusals (1.85) whereas the CRV Fleckviehs showed the highest number of refusals (2.25). The exploitation of the time capacity has been proven as the most effective one - 78.61% in little private agricultural companies. Whereas the lowest time exploitation has been proven in big agricultural companies - 68.11%. As far as the cow breed is concerned, it was ascertained that the Holstein dairy cows were milked longest -73.21%. On the other hand the CRV Fleckviehs were milked shortest - 63.17%. The highest amount of the dairy cows that needed to by accompanied to the robotic milking machine was recorded in big agricultural companies - 20.1%. Remarkably lower number of problematic cows was ascertained in middle-sized agricultural companies - 9.7%. The number of problematic cows in little private agricultural companies proved to be similar to the number in middle-sized agricultural companies 9.3%. It was ascertained that the most problematic dairy cows came from the mixed herds - 18.7%. The CRV Fleckviehs were the least problematic - 8.8%.
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Analyze of imiges from the movie Nocturnal Butterfly
Park, Soyoung ; KUBÍČEK, Jiří (advisor) ; DUTKA, Edgar (referee)
Abstract
"Nocturnal Butterfly" is short animation film which is directed by Raoul Servais. This animation is Servais's homage to Belgian surrealist Paul Delvaux. This paper concerns comparative analysis between the images of Nocturnal Butterfly about male and female, butterfly, mirror, railway station, automaton, last freeze-frame, and motifs of Delvaux's painting.
At first, my research at overall characteristic of surrealism would show that Delvaux's painting shares such characteristic. André Breton who is a key man in surrealism believed that automatism is driving force for artistic creation, so he thought we must look into the unconscious and world of dream to create new aesthetic reality and to comprehend reality just as it is without prejudice caused by reason and rationality. Especially he tried for liberation of the consciousness through automatic drawing, collage and depaysement in surrealistic painting. Delvaux with Magritte used depaysement to give psychological shock to appreciator, so he used mythology as motifs to draw inner landscape unfamiliarly and mysteriously. And though idealized images of women he expressed own desire.
After, I would review other works of Raoul Servais. He has expressed own view in various ways by using new approach for each work. Through criticism at human civilization and mythicism of desire he has utopian attitude even though he has criticized absurdity of actuality circumstance. Nocturnal Butterfly has atmosphere fascinating and mysterious but unfamiliar than clear messages. It seems that the atmosphere of the work considerably results from images taken from Delvaux's painting. And Nocturnal Butterfly shows ambiguous and unfamiliar feeling of surrealism using shooting mode of live action films and photographic images.
Next, I would review images in Nocturnal Butterfly. Delvaux expressed idealized images of male and female as his central figure motives, but Raoul Servais expressed images of male and female as earthly images in Nocturnal Butterfly. Woman with movement in Nocturnal Butterfly is waiting someone and reacting to eyes from man rather than she is idealized being. But She is also mysterious being. She is dancing with another self appeared from mirror as her double, in fantastic and fascinating time. But when train in reality arrives and a man appears, the time is over. The man wearing a hat in Nocturnal Butterfly is like Delvaux?s self-image mixed with scientist and gentleman. The man watches the object of desire, and possesses the object. Delvaux?s painting as last scene in Nocturnal Butterfly seems to be index of photograph image displayed from both surrealism and movie. So it informs that this animation is not over but continues to a piece of reality. The result of analysis of the images in Nocturnal Butterfly shows that Nocturnal Butterfly is the most fascinating and mysterious new animation with weakened completion of narration unlike other works of Raoul Servais.
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Genetic conflicts and speciation
Kropáčková, Lucie ; Munclinger, Pavel (referee) ; Reifová, Radka (advisor)
In this thesis I'll examine the role of genetic conflicts in the origin of new species. Genetic conflicts can lead to an origin of reproductive barrier between the emerging species, especially postzygotic reproductive isolation. An example of such conflict could be meiotic drive on sex chromosomes, which distort sex ratio and seems to act a role in a hybrid male sterility. Another example may be genomic imprinting causing an abnormal placenta and embryo development in interspecies hybrids. Coevolution between cytoplasmic and nuclear genes can cause sterility of pollen in hybrids from plants. Similarly, the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia induces cytoplasmic incompatibility in animals. Mobilization of transposons may also lead to hybrid dysgenesis.
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What is the effect of different stimuli on changes in heart rate of giant mole-rat (\kur{Fukomys mechowii})?
MLADĚNKOVÁ, Nella
We assessed physiological respons to different levels of stress in a socially living subterranean rodent, the giant mole-rat (Fukomys mechowii). During their lives, communally living animals are confronted with different social situations and contexts, which could be stressful in some aspects. We monitored heart rate of five submissive individuals (3 females, 2 males) in two different situations (exposure to intruders and theirs odour). For this purpose we used transponders for heart rate telemetry developed by Respironics Mini Mitter (USA). After surgical implantation into abdominal cavity the Mini-Miter system enables to monitor simultaneously heart rate, without any movement restriction of the animal.
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The image of eldery people in children programmes
Charvátová, Denisa ; Jirák, Jan (advisor) ; Bednařík, Petr (referee)
The subject of the thesis is the problem of portrayal of the elderly in Vecernicek animated cartoons for children. Content analysis is conducted on twenty-two selected animated Vecernicek stories that portrayed older characters (371 cartoons for a total of 2974 minutes). The objective of this paper is to examine the depiction of the elderly in Vecernicek cartoons and to point out age stereotypes. The first part of the paper consists of a theoretical framework necessary for the subsequent analysis, particularly media depiction, media representation, construction of reality, the relationship between media depiction, reality and stereotyping, which are then accompanied by characterization of the stories, their meaning and also by definition of old age. Next, all twenty-two analyzed cartoons are briefly introduced. Quantitative content analysis is conducted to examine the frequency and context of depiction of male and female elderly characters, and the overall message. Using qualitative content analysis, six coherent groups of media depiction of the elderly are created, then using semiotic analysis, six specific examples of age portrayal in Vecernicek cartoons are introduced.
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