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Rhythmic differences between Welsh English and the British standard
Hejná, Michaela ; Volín, Jan (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee)
The present thesis deals with rhythmic differences between Welsh English and the British Standard. It focuses on the varieties spoken in Cardiff and Aberystwyth in particular. The first part of the theoretical chapter summarises the approaches towards rhythm from the physiological, acoustic, perceptual, and phonological perspectives. The second part provides a basic description of the British Standard, Welsh, and Welsh English. It concerns itself with the existing information related to the subject matter especially as regards Welsh varieties of English. The last, third part, serves as an overview of the most common approaches towards the search of the acoustic correlates of rhythm (%V, ∆C, ∆V, PVI, varco, RR, YARD). The following chapters of the thesis present a material based study of the data obtained for the purposes of the thesis. The segmentation was carried out according to the principles proposed by Machač and Skarnitzl 2009. Rhythm was measured for four respondents for each selected location of Wales. The age span was 35-39 years for the group from Cardiff and 29-39 for that from Aberystwyth. The values measured were compared with the research of Volín and Pollák from 2009, which, among other things, provided the results of the rhythmic values for %V and ∆C for the British Standard on the...
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Acoustic properties of monosyllabic words in semi-spontaneous dialogues and read speech
Ondrušková, Lucie ; Volín, Jan (advisor) ; Machač, Pavel (referee)
This thesis investigates temporal characteristics of monosyllabic words (je, se, že) in semi-spontaneous dialogues and read speech. Our material consisted of two sets of recordings from six speakers (three men and three women). The speakers read a text first, and this reading was followed by a recording of a spontaneous dialogue. We investigated differences of temporal characteristics of monosyllabic words between the two types of speech. In addition, we also examined how these characteristics are affected by different variables, which included: position in a stress group, presence of stress, presence of pause and speaker's personality. It was found that the type of speech had a significant influence on duration ratio of sounds in examined words je, že. Word se remained unaffected by the type of speech and generally appeared as a very stable element. The type of speech also influenced variability in duration - this variability proved to be higher in spontaneous speech. The type of speech did not affect average duration of words je, se, že. Position in the stress group also proved to have a significant effect on duration of words. This effect was mainly caused by words which created isolated stress groups - words in such position had longer duration than words in other positions. For words je, se...
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Plosives in Czech: temporal characteristics and variability in realization
Šimek, Jaroslav ; Machač, Pavel (advisor) ; Zíková, Magdalena (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to closely investigate and describe selected phonetic properties of Czech oral plosives [p t ť k b d ď g] in normal speech. The re- search focuses mostly on temporal characteristics in various contexts; moreover, we deal with the possible manners of plosive articulation in Czech, including non-canonical realizations. Another important part of the present study is a comparison with earlier studies. In the domain of temporal characteristics we examine the influence of various contexts on phone duration. The contexts include: phonetic context, speaker gender, the position of the plosive in the stress unit or articulation rate. We also examine a possible connection between the duration of the plosive and its realization. In the part that deals with the manner of articulation we focus on the individual phonetic properties, for which we investigate especially the conditions and degree of their stability. Furthermore we describe the specific plosive articulations in certain pho- netic contexts and some alternative realizations of certain plosives. The speech material used is mostly spontaneous. All the speakers are non- professionals from various TV broadcasts. Keywords: plosives, duration, phone segmentation, phonetic properties, pho- netic context, gender, articulation...
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Behavior of bonds conditioned by negative interest rates
Biljakov, Nik ; Stádník, Bohumil (advisor) ; Galuška, Jiří (referee)
Current economic situation is characterized for deflation and low inflation, low economic growth, and low or negative interest rates, which lead to phenomenon of issuing governments bonds with negative yield. The main goal of this work is to understand the valuation and behavior of bonds with condition of negative interest rates, analyze impacts of negative rates on volatility of bonds. This work also compares the behavior of negative yields of bonds in contrast with positive yields. The contribution of this work consists in the critical evaluation of limitations of the formula for calculating the bond price to fulfill its role if the values of negative interest rates are too low.
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Bond valuation theory
Krchňavý, Martin ; Čech, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pracný, Jakub (referee)
The bachelor thesis discusses the theory of bond valuation with a focus on traditional coupon and zero-coupon bonds without embedded options. Introduction specifies author's objectives and methods, which are used to fulfil these objectives. Theoretical part explains the concept of bond and analyses its individual attributes, such as price, yield and risk. The part with the practical application of the theory contains the description of data obtained from Thomson Reuters Eikon trading platform followed by the demonstration of yield and risk measurements and the valuation of my exemplary bond, which is Czech sovereign bond with a fixed coupon rate issued in the national currency. Conclusion evaluates the achievement of objectives and the potential utilization of results in praxis.
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History of mathematical modelling on financial markets
Cigán, Martin ; Brada, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Langer, Miroslav (referee)
The main goal of this thesis is to introduce the reader to the evolution of some of the well-known mathematical models used in the valuation of investment instruments. The first chapter deals with some of the basic terms used in the following text. The next chapters introduce mathematical models, which are used to valuate stocks, bonds and derivatives. Each chapter contains also a brief description of the instrument itself and in some cases the methods used to evaluate the instruments before the introduction of models. The thesis contains a chapter on concept of portfolio due to its importance in the development of mathematical modelling in this field.
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Duration in portfolio management
Kulhánek, Zdeněk ; Radová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Stádník, Bohumil (referee)
The aim of thesis is to analyze the duration and its application in portfolio management. The work is divided into three logical parts. The intoductory part deal with issues of yield curves and in the following chapters we will build on this knowledge. In the mainstay of thesis we concentrate primarily on duration and its various modifications. The last section is devoted to portfolio management with emphasis on the bond portfolio. All theoretical knowledge is then applied to practical examples, which should lead to a better understanding of the topic.
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The Risk-free Rate of Return in The Income Valuation Approach
Plánička, Pavel ; Mařík, Miloš (advisor) ; Jurečka, Jan (referee)
The work deals with the theoretical basis and the practical approach for determining the risk-free rate of return. The aim of the work is to form recommendations which should analysts follow in determining the risk-free rate of return in the Czech Republic. The first part focuses on theoretical basis of risk-free rate of return and market interest rates. Further, the criteria of risk-free investments are defined in this chapter. The second and third part focuses on determination of the risk-free rate of return using yield to maturity of government bond and yield curve which was derived with using the Nelson-Siegel model. The table of forward rates at the end of each month from January 1999 to April 2010 is attached.
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Immunization of interest rate risk and problems of implementation
Shpitontsev, Leonid ; Málek, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of thesis was to examine the process of immunization and the errors associated with it, the removal of which could be improved to ensure. The work is divided into three main parts. The first includes theoretical background, the characteristics of the concepts that are necessary when immunization is used. The second part deals with errors that we permit in the process of immunization and the last assumptions in process efficiency and process efficiency in the financial market. The work is accompanied by charts and examples, which would have positive effects on understanding of the topic.
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