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Interaction of Metal Cations in Bioorganic Environment. Computational Study Using Quantum Mechanics and Molecular MechanicsTools.
Futera, Zdeněk ; Burda, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Bouř, Petr (referee) ; Clark, Tim (referee)
Interactions of Metal Cations in Bioorganic Environment Computational Study Using Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Mechanics Tools Zdeněk Futera Biologically relevant interactions of piano-stool ruthenium(II) complexes with ds-DNA are studied by QM/MM computational technique. The whole re- action mechanism is divided into three phases - hydration of [RuII (η6 - benzene)(en)Cl]+ , consequent binding DNA and final intra-strand cross-link formation between two adjacent guanines. Free energy profiles of all reactions are explored by QM/MM MD umbrella sampling approach where the Ru(II) complex is described by DFT. For that purpose, special QM/MM software was developed to couple Gaussian and Amber programs. Calculated free energy barriers of Ru(II) hydration as well as DNA binding process are in good agreement with experimentally determined rate constants. Reaction pathway for cross-link formation was predicted that is feasible from both thermodynamical and kinetical point of view.
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The referendum on the Treaty astablishing a Constitution for Europe in France - analyses of the results and consequences
Miklošová, Kateřina ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
Diploma thesis "The referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe in France - analyses of the results and consequences" deals with the theme of the referendum as a method of decision making in general, but also focuses on the referendum in the context of the European integration process. The French referendum on the European constitution is analysed from the point of view of the campaign. Special attention is paid to the assesment of the results. The main purpose of the theses is to evaluate and sum up the impact of this unique event on the situation in France and European integration process in general. The singularity of the French referendum is demonstrated on the special reaction of the European Council, European Commission and European Parliament, which followed the negative result of the referendum. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Study of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase in tobacco plants
Valenta, Robert ; Tichá, Marie (referee) ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor)
β-N-acetylhexosaminidases are ubiquitous in all living organisms, but there is little information about these enzymes in plants, especially in leaves. Suggested functions of plant β-N-acetylhexosaminidases are participation in defence responses against fungal and other pathogens and also in degradation of storage glycoproteins. β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum L.) was purified to final specific activity 190 nmol min-1 mg-1 with p-NP-GlcNAc as substrate. Precipitation by ammonium sulphate, gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S-300 column and affinity chromatography on Con A- Sepharose column were used. Michaelis constant and maximal reaction rate of β-N- acetylhexosaminidases determined for p-NP-GlcNAc was 0.33 mM and 414 nmol min-1 mg-1 , respectively. The cleavage of diacetylchitobiose catalyzed by β-N-acetylhexosaminidase was studied using capillary electrophoresis. Determined activity of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase for diacetylchitobiose was more than 10-times lower compared to β-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity for p-NP-GlcNAc. These results indicate that chitobiose and probably other chitooligomers are not natural substrates of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase and thus this enzyme is most likely not involved in protection against fungal pathogens. Natural substrate...
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Substituated Poly(ethylene Glycols) as Drugs Carriers
Pravda, Martin ; Hrabálek, Alexandr (advisor) ; Dittrich, Milan (referee) ; Kalendová, Andrea (referee)
The aim of this dissertation thesis was preparation of drug delivery systems for polyene antimycotics, especially amphtoricin B(AmB). Series of pH-sensitive conjugates of AmB with substituated poly(ethylene glycols) (PEG) have been synthesized and characterized for this purpose. The intermediate PEGs possess a 1,4-disubstituted benzene ring with aldehyde group at the end of the chain. The benzene ring is connected with PEG at its 4-position (with respect to the aldehyde group) by various functional groups (ether, amide, ester). Reaction of terminal aldehyde group of the substituted PEGs with AmB gave conjugates containinga pH-sensitive imine linkage, which can be presumed to exhibit antimycotic effect at sites with lowered pH value. The stability of prepared conjugates under the different physiological conditions was studied. Phosphate buffers (pH = 7,4 or 5,5) were used as model media. Stability of conjugates in human blood plasma and human blood serum was examinated. The imine linkage is split to give free AmB with half-lives of 2-45 min. The rate of acid catalysed hydrolysis depends upon substitution of the benzene ring; however, it does not depend on molecular weights ofthe PEGs used. The conjugates with ester linkage undergo enzymatic splitting in human blood plasma and/or blood serum at pH 7.4...
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Effect of pregnancy on the stability of women
Havlíčková, Edita ; Flemrová, Miroslava (referee) ; Prajerová, Květa (advisor)
Title: Effect of pregnancy on the stability of women Aim of work: This work aims to verify the influence of increasing body weight and abdominal circumference of women in the third trimester of pregnancy, changes in gait, the step length and width, reaction time and deviation of gravity. I also wanted to map the most common problems that women in this period of pregnancy is accompanied. Methodology: On the sample of thirty pregnant women who participated in the exercising were demonstrated changes in stability, walking, and speed of response and deviation of gravity. Interview have been mapped using the most common problems the women have during pregnancy. It was used to assess the balance-master device and other commonly used diagnostic methods. Results: Hypotheses could not be objectively confirmed because of any other comparable studies. It managed to prevent the development of pregnancy problems. Keywords: pregnancy, physical activity, stability, changes during pregnancy, problems during pregnancy - 13 -
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Effect of background EMG activity on magnitude of evoked response
Trnková, Barbora ; Pánek, David (referee) ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor)
Introduction: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of spontaneous electrical activity of a muscle on the degree of evoked response. Analysis of function of plantar flexor muscles and neuromuscular junction during indolent electric stimulation of fibular nerve in the poples may bring new information that might contribute to deepen our knowledge of biomechanical and neurophysiologic nature of changes of shape and latency of evoked reactions in various sorts of strain. The aim of the paper: To evoke H-reflex via electric stimulation of tibial nerve with escalating strain of plantar flexor muscles of the foot in supine position. To process and analyse data by computer. To assess findings of the study. Methods: The dissertation is made out in the form of processing of case data from volunteers, whose muscle electrical activity will be scanned via superficial electrodes attached to the skin above a muscle during indolent electrical stimulation of tibial nerve in the poples. The muscle will be strained using a weight and the muscle response evoked by the stimulation will be scanned using EMG. The measurement will be carried out in various sorts of strain (isometric-isotonic). The data will be further processed and analysed by computer. Results: The results clarify the H-reflex modulation during...
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Possibilities of the usage of nonconventional methods and dietary supplements in prevention and in health provision of calves.
PÁNIKOVÁ, Monika
Healthy and strong individuals are fundamental in every cattle breeding. Tthe aim of this study was which of these given supplement had the best influence on calf weight gain in early period after weaning to milk nutrition. This research had continued in cooperation with farm in Hakovy Dvory. Calfs were studied from March 2012 to February 2013. They were weaned into outdoor individual box after birth. There were added supplements into their ration in firs two weeks of life. Calfs were partitioned on the base of addend supplement into three experimental groups and one control group. The first weight control of calfs was after birth and the second weight control was in thirty days of life. From the different of theese values was calculated average weight gain. The best significant effect had tested groups Homeopatics and Prebiotics (Biopolym) with average increment 26,9 kilograms. Next tested group was Probiotics (Lactovita) with average increment 26,1 kilograms. The last goup was Contol, there the calfs didn?t have changed ration and their average increment was 23,5 kilograms. From the results of this study is possible to presume, that calfs had positive reaction on supplements added in first days of life and theese had favourable effect to diarrhoea prevention. Prebiotics, homeopatics and probiotics favourable stimulate calfs digestive system and they have general positive effect on calfs physiological condition.
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The development of an expression of personality traits: the common vole (\kur{Microtus arvalis}) study
URBÁNKOVÁ, Gabriela
The aim of this study was investigate the development of behaviour of common vole in usually used personality test - Open Field test. This study also used a new behavioural approach ? behavioural reaction norms - to investigate the relationship among personality traits, behavioural plasticity and body weight and chosen social characteristic. There were found the effects of adult body weight and litter size on individual behavioural plasticity and also the negative correlation between personality traits and behavioural plasticity, signaling the different level of habituation dependent on personality traits.
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Earlier evolutionary dead-ends, now the creators of a reproductive strategy: the origin and reproduction of the all-male water frog lineage Pelophylax esculentus
Doležálková, Marie ; Choleva, Lukáš (advisor) ; Mikulíček, Peter (referee) ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (referee)
Asexual modes of reproduction are usually based on the principle of copying (cloning) DNA from the female and passing it on to the offspring. For most asexually reproducing vertebrates the progeny develop from an unreduced and often unfertilised egg. This is driven by the mechanisms of parthenogenetic and gynogenetic reproduction. While in the former the clonal germ cell develops spontaneously and separately, in the latter a sexual partner is needed to activate the cleavage of the ovum, although without the fusion of the sperm and egg. Therefore in both cases there is no fertilization and the clonal progeny consist solely of daughters, hence the majority of previous studies have only focused on asexual female lineages. However, on rare occasions asexual clonal males can arise when the right fertilization occurs. Whilst these offspring are usually infertile, fertile diploid asexual males have been discovered in just three genera of hybrid origin in vertebrates. One of these unique cases is the European water frog complex of the genus Pelophylax, whose distribution includes the Czech Republic. In areas around the upper Odra River populations of hybrid males were recently discovered who form stable all-male lineages, similar to those formed by asexual females. The results of this study show that males produce...
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Vinyl-modified DNA and its cleavage by restriction endonucleases
Mačková, Michaela ; Hocek, Michal
Three types of vinyl modified nucleoside triphosphates (dNVTPs) were prepared by single step aqueous Suzuki- Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of halogenated 2’-deoxynucleotides with vinyltrifluoroborate. These dNVTPs were enzymatically incorporated into DNA in Primer extension experiments and Polymerase chain reaction. Primer extension products were then tested for cleavage by series of type II restriction enzymes and the results were compared with a cleavage of ethynyl-modified DNA.
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