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Payroll accounting in the Czech Republic
Samuelová, Barbora ; Müllerová, Libuše (advisor)
The subject of the presented Bacherol Work is The Payroll Accounting in the Czech Republic. The presented thesis approaches the main principles of the payroll problems and of the Labour Code principles. The theoretical part of the Thesis deals with the different forms of labor-management relations, the duties of employer by the lay off of employees, the remuneration of employees and the extra pays. The work marginally deals with the physical person income tax problems and the social and health insurance problems. In the practical part is given an example of the pay accounting and of the individual operations accounting.
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Wage problems from accounting and tax view
Malá, Jana ; Müllerová, Libuše (advisor) ; Černý, Václav (referee)
The graduation theses is focused on wage problems and related areas in the private sector and contains summary of informations necessary to right pay accounting. With respect to tax and social insurance reforms in last years the main aim of this theses is to compare the impact of changes on pay accounting in years 2007 -- 2009. Problems of social and health insurance and taxes are mentioned in regularizations valid in these years. In every chapter are added examples concerning these problems. These examples allow year-on-year comparison. The graduation theses contains within mentioned problems also other problems: payroll deductions, mileage, refundof wages and benefits as other form of remuneration of employees. Also in these chapters are given examples for best understanding and clarity. Each chapter contains also accounting of mentioned problems in double-entry accounting. The graduation theses is ended up with complex example which compares height of net earnings in years 2007 -- 2009.
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Vliv volebního cyklu a vládního uskupení na daně z příjmů
Eisenwort, Lukáš ; Lojdová, Alena (advisor) ; Klazar, Stanislav (referee)
Práce se snaží nalézt souvislosti mezi politickým děním a příjmovými daněmi. Je založena na sledování dynamiky vývoje zvolených proměnných v politickém kontextu. Do zkoumání jsou zahrnuty podíly osobní důchodové daně , korporátní důchodové daně a sociálního pojištění na celkovém daňovém výběru. V práci jsou provedeny výpočty globální progresivity osobní důchové daně a rovněž je zkoumán vývoj daňové kvóty. Sledovaným obdobím jsou roky 1993 až 2005.
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Public insurance funds in the Czech Republic
Stanková, Vendula ; Durdisová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Ždímal, Martin (referee)
The objective of this diploma thesis is to describe public insurance funds of social security and to analyse their indicators and factors which influence these funds most. The social insurance system is significant revenue and expenditure channel of the national budget in the Czech Republic. Social and private insurance are two basic types of insurance. Social solidarity is essential principle of social insurance and principle of equivalence is typical of private insurance. This diploma thesis deals with systems of pension insurance, sickness insurance and health insurance. Existing setting of these systems will probably be inconvenient in the future. That is why they are subject of political discussion nowadays. Unfavourable demographic trend is the most major problem of pension insurance system. Effectiveness of sickness insurance is reduced by abuse of sick benefits. Increasing health care expenditures and excess of demand for health care are difficult questions for solving and setting of health insurance. Changes that are being made in social insurance systems today and also their impact on economy are described in conclusion.
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Institutional-historical analysis of early development of sickness insurance in the Czech lands at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century
Dvořák, Lukáš ; Chalupníček, Pavel (advisor) ; Doležalová, Antonie (referee)
This text aims to identify the main features of development of sickness insurance in the Czech lands. In the second half of the 19th century new mutual benefit societies started to emerge -- similarly like in Great Britain and the United States, and in the same time in 1888 the compulsory workers sick insurance was introduced. In the first part, this work offers analytical framework for analysis of this development, especially the approach of the public choice school, the concept of cognitive hazard and of social capital. In second part, the author gives historical overview of the era, brief overview of the development of so-called Friendly societies in Great Britain and the United States and an analysis of compulsory workers sick insurance and voluntary societies in Bohemia. The analysis shows the role of interest groups (workers movement, employers, physicians etc.) that shaped the compulsory insurance in similar way as captured in the Anglo-Saxon experience. The push-through of the compulsory insurance strengthens their positions. The application of social capital and cognitive hazard concept reveals that the compulsory insurance could bring unintended cost in the long run by lowering a voluntary cooperation.
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Socio-economic situation of the self-employed persons
Neubertová, Kamila ; Krebs, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (referee)
The diploma thesis attends to socio-economic situation of the self-employed in the Czech Republic. It focuses on the diversity of their social security, which differs from employees, defines problems and offers possible solutions. Besides, it concentrates on income taxation of the self-employed and on the model examples it analyzes total tax burden of their income. Then it compares it to the two possible alternatives of this gainful activity - being employed or set up Limited Liability Company. On the base of analysis and comparing positives and negatives each possibility brings, decides which one is in the specific cases more convenient. It takes into account also non-economical factors like leisure time, working hours or possibility of vacation that can affect the decision of starting own business.
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Development of social insurance from the standpoint of transfer of insurance-generated monies to the state budget.
Hartlová, Alena ; Klazar, Stanislav (advisor) ; Weberová, Jana (referee)
This thesis deals with the development of social insurance, specifically with health insurance and social security, from the standpoint of transfer of insurance-generated monies to the state budget. It presents the significance of social insurance in its current form and an analysis of the principal changes it has undergone in the last fifteen years. It particularly examines changes in the definition of participants in social insurance and changes in the use and structure of bases of measurement in individual insurance subsystems. This thesis also includes an analysis of these changes which seeks to analyze the past and potential impact of shifts in basic factors which influence the amount of money flowing from insurance to the state budget (such as minimum wage, average wage and number of paying participants) on individual participants in social insurance.
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