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Pharmacoeconomics from the point of view of the interest groups
Pohlová, Martina ; Maaytová, Alena (advisor) ; Hartlová, Alena (referee)
This thesis deals with pharmacoeconomics and its application from the interest groups' active in the health care system point of view. Pharmacoeconomics is a relatively new scientific discipline, whose purpose is to facilitate the efficient allocation of scarce resources in the health care sector. The first chapter analyzes the trend of expenditure on health of the Czech Republic. The second chapter describes the question of pharmacoeconomic research. The third chapter discusses possible ways to use pharmacoeconomics by the interest groups.
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A NEW CONCEPT OF HEALTH CARE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC IN RELATION TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Bouša, Ladislav ; Loužek, Marek (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
Thesis "A NEW CONCEPT OF HEALTH CARE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC IN RELATION TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION "deals with health care in the Czech Republic. In the most economically developed countries health care is becoming a part of their health care policy. The diploma thesis reflects the health reform efforts in recent years of economic reality in the Czech Republic. The state acts as a guarantor, whose task is to regulate health care, establish legal and economic rules and thereby to ensure availability. Focus of the thesis is analytical and descriptive. The introductory chapter describes the health systems, the second focuses on the legal framework and then the third on the demographic and health status of the population. The focus of the work is in the fourth chapter, this chapter describes the economics of health policy, financing of individual groups, the fifth drug policy. Consistency of health care associated with the Czech Republic's accession to the EU, its principals and strategies are presented in the final chapter
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The health care - public or private goods
Havlíčková, Anna ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Durdisová, Jaroslava (referee)
The main of objective of this diploma thesis is to define health care as economic goods based on the theoretical definitions. The fact whether health care should be considered as private goods or public goods plays a vital role in this debate. The initial hypothesis presupposes that health care is (based on the basic economic criteria) private goods; however there is objective evidence demonstrating that health care should be understood in terms of public goods. The author defines the necessary terminology and theoretical concepts. According to several expert concepts the author concludes that based on the basic economic definitions health care could be understood as private goods, admitting that in the real world objective limitations exist, which prevent keeping health care exclusively in the economic sphere. The thesis also evaluates the role of individual health care sectors, including their drawbacks. The author demonstrates all concepts on the Czech health care system. In the analytic part of the thesis the author demonstrates discrepancies between theoretical concepts and practice on specific models, including the risks of exclusively private financing of health care. For this purpose three income groups has been defined. The author compares expenditures of these groups on selected medical services with different levels of their savings. The thesis also deals with methods of economical analysis and its limitations in health care system analysis.
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Veterinary Health Care
Knězová, Jana ; Lipka, David (advisor) ; Křížek, Josef (referee)
The increasing costs of health care is becoming one of the main problems of Czech health care. The state has become a constant tendency to enter the health system as a result and its interventions (regulations) influence the behavior of its actors. The regulation is in the eyes of the state solution that can cope with so-called market failures, but the result is damage to the entire health care system. Therefore health care could inspire in animal health care, where almost no government regulation (except law) and the system is based on market behavior.
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Reforma zdravotnictví v USA
Zemanová, Iva ; Lipka, David (advisor) ; Běláčková, Vendula (referee)
This thesis is concerned with US health care. It is focused especially on the health insurance market. It introduces basic characteristics of the US insurance system and discusses its main problems. The goal of this thesis is to determine whether voluntary private insurance is the main source of problems that the US health care system currently experiences. In order to do that, greatest deficiencies of US insurance policies, especially private ones, are identified based on the efficiency criterion. It is also briefly evaluated if identified deficiencies are going to be affected by the current health care reform.
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The informed consent procedure from the patients´ perspective
FRAŇKOVÁ, Květoslava
In 2001, the Czech Republic ratified the Convention on Biomedicine. This convention is based on a strategy of partnership between physician and patient. This strategy is being implemented by informing patients of their rights in health care. The patients who are adequately informed of the nature, purpose, risks and consequences of treatment may freely decide whether they want to undergo a treatment or not. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with the legislation in force on the informed consent and its various aspects. The practical part gives a survey of the knowledge of the rights that result from the informed consent and the implementation of those rights into practice. The objective of this section is to determine the legal awareness of the issue of the informed consent, especially from the patients´ {--} citizens´ perspective. The hypothesis 1 assumes that respondents with higher education are better aware of their rights arising form the informed consent than respondents with lower education. Hypothesis 2 assumes that respondents with higher education better employ the rights derived form the informed consent than respondents with lower education. The investigation was conducted in citizens living, working or studying in České Budějovice. To verify the hypotheses the quantitative research, carried out through a questioning method using the questionnaire technique, was conducted. The objective was achieved. On the basis of obtained data that were evaluated in percentage terms, the hypothesis 1 was refuted and the hypothesis 2 was confirmed. The research outcomes show that knowledge of the rights arising from the informed consent is almost identical for both groups of respondents, but in practice these rights are being claimed more likely by respondents with higher education. These results showed the need of focusing attention on informing patients about the practical application of their rights arising form the informed consent.
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The possibility to apply the Leininger's model within the nursing care for homeless people
VLKOVÁ, Ludmila
The possibility to apply the Leininger's model within the nursing care for homeless people The thesis deals with the lifestyle of homeless people and subsequently also with the issue of nursing care for these people; such a care is a specific one due to their lifestyle. Next, the thesis works with the model by Madeleine Leininger, as well as with the model of Joyce Newman Giger and Ruth Davidhizar, which belongs to transcultural nursing sphere and is understood as the way how to overcome differences between the nursing subculture and homeless people subculture within the nursing process. Within the scope of the thesis, we have decided to research the possibility to apply the Leininger's model within the nursing care for homeless people, from the nurses' point of view, using the quantitative method, and the questionnaire technique. For the research purposes were set 5 goals: 1st Goal ? to find out what is the attitude of nurses to homeless people. 2nd Goal ? to inquire information from nurses related to the facts how is going the nursing care for homeless people. 3rd Goal ? to research, whether nurses from the selected hospitals may use the Leininger's model when nursing the homeless people. 4th Goal ? to make sure ourselves whether nurses are aware of the differences resulting from the lifestyle of homeless people. 5th Goal ? to search where, according to the opinion of nurses, are the homeless people going when leaving hospital to be ?home-nursed?. The goals were met. Hypothesis 1 ? that nurses appraise negatively the lifestyle of homeless people ? was proved. Hypothesis 2 ? that nursing care for homeless people is performed in the same way as in case of other clients ? was not proved. Hypothesis 3 ? that nurses of higher than secondary education do know the Leininger's model ? was proved. Hypothesis 4 ? that nurses consider the application of Leininger's model within the nursing care for homeless people useful ? was proved. Hypothesis 5 ? that nurses take into consideration differences in lifestyle of homeless people ? was proved. Hypothesis 6 ? that nurses do not know where the homeless people go when leaving hospitals to be ?home-nursed? ? was not proved. Analysing the gathered information there also resulted another Hypothesis 7 ? that nurses prefer application of the model by Joyce Newman Giger and Ruth Davidhizar prior to using the model by Madeleine Leininger within the nursing care for the homeless people; such a hypothesis was proved. However, I recommend a check of the hypothesis in the course of more goal-directed research. The output of the thesis related to the practice is the possibility to apply the found out findings in the nursing care for homeless people to minimize possible conflicts, as well as their application for the purposes of more respectable and purposeful work with the homeless people, which could be without any frustration feelings related to the given nursing care.
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Perceptions of health care in South Bohemia
KRÁTKÁ, Edita
This thesis deals with the perceptions of health care in healthcare facilities in South Bohemia as seen by the public. The theoretical part defines health care and health; it also informs about the quality of health care and its evaluation. It deals with health services, healthcare policy and reforms in this sector. It describes the current legislation, part which is international treaties or laws. As an example of a treaty, the thesis mentions Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and the Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the application of biology and medicine, or the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. The section about laws mentions particularly Act No. 20/1966 Coll. on Public Health Care. In protecting the rights of patients, the Code of Patients? Rights plays an important role in. An essential part of theory is also the system of healthcare facilities, health services, healthcare professionals and the rights and obligations of various actors in the provision of health care. The objective of the thesis was to map client satisfaction with health care provided in healthcare facilities of South Bohemia. The research part, preceded by a preliminary study, was conducted by means of a quantitative questionnaire survey. The basic research group consisted of persons from the general public living in South Bohemia. In the end, two out of three hypotheses were conformed. They are: (1) health care in South Bohemia was perceived positively by the clients of healthcare facilities and (2) women perceive health care in South Bohemia more critically than men. The third hypothesis, the one that was not confirmed, showed that the clients of healthcare facilities in South Bohemia have not noticed any improvement of health care during the last five years. With regard to the outcome of the third hypothesis, a question can be brought forward as to whether health care is developing in the right direction. Therefore, it would be appropriate to pay more attention to this issue. The results can be published in professional journals and they can serve as inspiration for healthcare professionals. They may also contribute to public awareness of health care and health services in South Bohemia.
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Regulatory fees in healthcare from the perspective of the public
KOLLÁROVÁ, Iva
Part of the Czech healthcare system is public health insurance and health care is paid to beneficiaries from its funds. From 1.1.2008 a new system of regulatory fees and annual protective limit forms its part. Regulatory fees were introduced by Act No. 261/2007 Coll. about stabilizing public budgets, which amended many laws, in this case also the Act No. 48/1997 Coll., about public health insurance. The reason for their introduction should be reduction of inefficiency of health care and, consequently, reduction of health care costs, reduction of misuse of health services, as well as increase in revenues of medical facilities. Funds saved should be used to improve medical care, to treat sick people and to finance expensive medical services. The objective of my thesis was to make a survey of public opinion on the introduction of regulatory fees. In the theoretical part I briefly described basic concepts relating to public health service, health policy, insurance and in detail I mentioned functioning of regulatory fees and the annual protection limit. In the practical part I used quantitative research, method of interviewing, data collection was performed using the questionnaire technique and then also secondary analysis of data. For the research section one statistical sample was established {--} the public of South Bohemia. Based on available literature I stated 2 hypotheses, both of which were confirmed by the research. Research pointed at the diversity of views and perception of regulatory fees among citizens. Citizens´ awareness certainly also affects the issue of regulatory fees, and the awareness, as revealed in the survey, has been improving compared to previous years. Regulatory fees in health care in the Czech Republic have become a most discussed topic. But this step is only the first step, unfortunately still unpopular with many people, and it should lead to step-by-step implementation of planned changes in health care. I think that compared to previous years an increasing number of citizens understand the purpose of regulatory fees and they realize that modern medicine is very expensive and that from the current health insurance system it is not always possible to grant all care to everyone. In my opinion, the introduction of regulatory fees is a very important step for our health care, but it will be necessary to improve some legal details and gain greater public trust so that the purpose that these fees should have would be reached. The thesis could serve as an information brochure, study material, or respondents´ views and the research findings could be used in other studies for comparison.
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