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Critical reactions on Edward Bullough's concept of psychical distance
Adámková, Veronika ; Ševčík, Miloš (advisor) ; Dadejík, Ondřej (referee)
In this thesis we are focusing at the notion of psychical distance first introduced in the work "'Psychical Distance' as a Factor in Art and as an Aesthetic Principle" from Edward Bullough. There were many responses to the concept of psychical distance from many authors, some of them have rejected this notion, and others tried to support it. Initially we provided brief interpretation of Bulough's work with the focus at parts, which are cited and investigated most frequently in mentioned interpretations. We are interpreting and comparing gradually the most popular works, which involve the notion of psychical distance with respect to Bullough's original concept. We are pointing out the difference between notions psychical distance and aesthetic attitude, because they are mistaken one for another by many different authors. This thesis tries to provide new look at some papers responding to Bullough's conception.
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European hermetic philosophy of the 18th century
Němeček, Radim ; Matějů, Martin (referee) ; Borecký, Vladimír (advisor)
V první kapitole bude vysvětleno, co je hermetismus a jeho význam pro člověka, vztah hermetismu k imaginaci a vztah k jiným filozofiím. Vysvětlíme rovněž, v jakém významu budeme pojem používat. V druhé kapitole bude nastíněna geneze hermetismu a jeho vliv na společnost, charakteristika jeho nej silněj ších proudů do 17. století. Následovat bude krátký exkurz od 19. století do současnosti. Třetí kapitola bude věnována charakteristice "ducha doby" a paradigmatům 18. století, nastínění oficiální filozofie a kultury epochy. Zmíníme také názory pozdějších filozofů píšících o osvícenství. Čtvrtá kapitola bude poj ednávat o nejrůznějších hermetických řádech a spolcích, nedílnou součást tehdejší doby. Vysvětleny budou jejich cíle, tendence , vliv na společnost, vědu a poli tiku. Pátá kapitola představí vybrané osobnosti hermetické filozofie 18. století, jejich život, myšlenky, vliv a význam. V šesté kapitole rozebereme reflexe hermetismu a alchymie u Carla Gustava Junga i jiných autorů. Konečně sedmá kapitola bude věnována vlivu hermetismu na vybrané význačné osobnosti tehdejšího kulturního života.
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Social innovations and their impact in Czech social economy
Piatková, Adéla ; Dohnalová, Marie (advisor) ; Hrabětová, Jaroslava (referee)
The main topic of this thesis is social innovation and its impact on its target group in the context of Czech social economy. Social innovation should represent new and better ways to address social problems. Social innovation can take more forms (new products, services, rules, types of organizations, etc.). There is no one form of social innovation. Even though social innovation can be found in any sector, this thesis considers social economy to be the best environment, where social innovation can strive, because it can use market based mechanism as its social mission. Social innovation used in the research of this work is an example of good practice, from the area of social economy, with lasting impact, which can be studied. The example used in this thesis is the Czechitas Association. In order to understand social innovation phenomena and its impact, this thesis utilizes case study design as a research method. To reach the given goal, the case study uses multiple data sources as documents, interviews and a questionnaire for employees of the association and a questionnaire for the target group. Key words: social innovation, social impact, social value, social economy, social enterprise, Czechitas
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Measuring productivity in the enterprise and at the regional level
KUŽEL, Jiří
The aim of the Diploma´s work was to explain the concept of corporate and regional productivity and possibility of evaluation. Furthermore to analyze the development of value added on the basis of the specific enterprise data and at the regional level. The theoretical part described the concept of productivity and factors of production. Then followed a description of the business concept of productivity, the possibility of evaluation and rating of regional productivity. In the practical part was characterized selected company. Followed economic data needed to calculate productivity at the enterprise level. The productivity was significantly affected by the economic crisis of 2009. Another part of work was devoted to evaluation of regional productivity. In the last section were compared corporate productivity and regional productivity in the years 2005 - 2011. The comparison showed that labor productivity in enterprise is on a lower level than the sector average. Conversely capital productivity was higher in the enterprise. Another finding was significant annual changes in enterprise productivity compared to the relatively stable of sector development.
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International double taxation of individuals
Janků, Antonín ; Vybíral, Roman (advisor) ; Novotný, Petr (referee)
The aim of this thesis on the topic of the International double taxation of individuals is to offer particular point of view on this issue to the reader and make him acquainted with some current problems related to international taxation of income. The first chapter is focused on czech income tax, especially on taxation of individuals with its goal to define basic terms. Next chapter is concentrated on term double taxation and describes main reasons for its existence. Concurrently are described unilateral and international measures to eliminate double taxation of income and also methods for elimination of double taxation. Afterwards this thesis attends to bilateral international tax conventions and its evolution and interpretation. Considering the fact that majority of all concluded tax conventions are inspired by OECD model tax convention, the third chapter of this thesis is focused on the importance of the OECD model and its commentary for interpretation and application of bilateral international tax conventions. The last and main part of this thesis analyses several sorts of income in the same manner as they are categorized in OECD model tax convention. With respect to OECD model's classification of income from independent personal services as business profits, more attention is paid to this...
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Prologue
Procházka, Jiří ; DAŇHEL, Jan (advisor) ; Brothánek, Adam (referee)
In film, the term “prologue” nowadays denotes almost everything that appears before the opening credits. The meaning of this word is not fixed. This thesis does not define the “prologue” phenomenon and does not wish to describe it in the historical context of art spheres. It deals with the opening scenes at the beginning of a film before the onset of the actual composition of the main story and addresses their functions in the entire dramaturgic structure of the work. To facilitate the apprehension and description of “prologue”, the thesis attempts to generalise the term and classify it into several groups according to defined criteria. It does not set itself the objective of forming a definition but of analysing the dramaturgic structure of a conventionally understood term “prologue” and initiating a discussion on all fronts of the film-making profession about this tool that can do more than just touching up the first few minutes of a film.
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The impact of order of siblings on the choice of profession.
HEJLKOVÁ, Kristýna
In my paper I would like to focus on comparing of two groups of siblings in a different sibling positiron and their presisposition for the choice of the occupation and point out the qualities that an individual carries from the childhood and which can influence the choice of their future occupation. I want to make out and compare the changes in this theory in the course of a decade. According to the statistics I have assumed that the firs-bor will choose still occupations demanding accuracy, high conce thein perfectionism and thein will to achieve success. On the contrary, the youngest ones are supposed to be free thinkers and chaose flexible and independent occupations. Both the hypothes have proved true. For collection the date this thesis I use questionnaire. It was filled up with randon representatives with different age. I made a research by comparing the representatives of the oldest and the youngest siblings and partially also middle ones.
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Purpose and meaning of patent protection.
LANG, Aleš
This thesis generalizes and describes a complex law-technical system concerning intellectual property and especially patent protection. Main emphasis is put of the purpose and meaning of patent protection to the public, teachers and mainly to the student of upper primary schools.
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Air pollution in Moravian-Silesian region and protecting population
PAJURKOVÁ, Romana
Air pollution is extensive problem throughout Moravian-Silesian Region and in addition impacts many lives in so settled agglomeration. Harmful substances that here aloft occur often in several fold go beyond limit for health protection, are toxic to environment and people who live there, therefore it is so important for protection of people to deal with this topic. It is necessary to determine, how much actually air pollution affects the health of the people. Hypothesis H1 deals with question. In cooperation with the Department of Air Protection Hydro meteorological Institute in Ostrava and Regional hygiene station of Moravian-Silesian region, were compared data of the current PM10 pollution particles weekly morbidity and acute respiratory diseases. If condition of the air worsens, sickness does not improve and when air quality is improving, declining disease and acute respiratory infections in the region - between air pollution and health status of the population is correlation. For hypothesis H2 was created questionnaire, and was distributed to resident of region with rate of return of 87 %. The most general questions were answered correctly. The issue came to the question of determining current situation, so H2 hypothesis was confirmed only partially. The only way how to do protecting the population it is functional warning. Also it was investigated by a special comparative method, when resident were warned in which value of the PM10. 38 % residents say, that they were never warned, so the hypothesis H3 was also confirmed partly. After analyzing the problem was created proposal how to deal with this situation in ORP Bohumín case. Inhabitants of the region were divided into two groups. Active group, it is a group of people who have internet connection and do not use it. It was therefore created information leaflet and stickers, whose main task is to attract attention and show the population, where information about current pollution can be found. Part of this leaflet is also notes, in which people were less informed in questionnaire. The second group is passive then ? residents who do not have internet access or they cannot us it. So it was crated a system of rotating information board, and design its location in the ORP Bohumín in an public areas, where accumulate a larger number of people. On such a board could be automatically sent actual time data through network communication. It would be also appropriate add alarm warning system, but its execution would have to be limited to a certain level due to the frequent exceed in most municipalities in the region. There would be also possibility to benefit a warning to citizens through the fire protection of Volunteer firefighter. Especially if was declared by smog situation. Of course there is a also the option to use warning sirens, but I think it such a way of warning could cause unnecessary panic. The following suggestions are valid for both groups. It was displayed map of Low Emission Zone form information available in ORP Bohumín. System of isolation green spaces.. It was also examined whether the type of activity plan prepared long-term inverse situation in the region, but according to HZS does not pose a threat to the region, which would require the declaration of emergency state. So developments of operational plan isn´t necessary yet. However, the time is main aspect for gradual improvement of the warning and informing the population. The results showed that the general awareness of the issue is sufficient, but is also necessary to pay attention to the current situation in order to reduce the health risks to the lowest level. I am not sure that citizens must learn how to reconcile with living in conditions, but they should be patient, of course contribute to improve this situation by for example informing themselves about current pollution.
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An ethical duty of the Hippocratic oath today
PETRŮ, Martina
The Hippocratic Oath probably comes from the 4th - 5th century BC. It is traditionally attributed to ancient physician Hippocrates or one of his disciples. It was created as a moral guide to behavior of physicians and it describes fundamental ethical principles of their profession in relation to the surroundings, family, teachers and the patient. In its time it represented a revolutionary rule.Text of the Hippocratic Oath has functioned as an oath sworn by inchoative physicians for centuries. Today it is replaced by a medical oath, which, in its different variants, is based on ethical Hippocratic requirements related to quality of contact between the physician and the patient. Changes in the Hippocratic Oath are mainly related to the development of surgery, transplantation, euthanasia, etc. The Hippocratic Oath refuses surgical interventions, because in times when it was created, these principles were in conflict with beneficence and intactness.This is the reason why it also rejects euthanasia and abortion.Nowadays, these interventions are already legalised in some countries to a certain extent and are applied according to relevant principles. Target of this Bachelor´s thesis was to find out what significance is attached to the Hippocratic Oath today. The thesis was conceived as a theoretical and historical comparative study aimed at the interpretation of content of the Hippocratic Oath, its further historical development and its today's validity or applicability. It was examined whether its text can compete in present times and which parts are still valid and which have been overcome. For this purpose, there was used a comparison of interpretation of content of the Hippocratic Oath with present moral codes in medicine, specifically with the Czech Medical Chamber Code and the Nurse Code of Ethics.In the introductory chapter of my Bachelor´s thesis, there are defined basic concepts related to the Hippocratic Oath, such as ethics, morality, medical ethics, relations between ethics and the law and basic medical principles. The next chapter deals with the author of the Oath, his teachings, times and circumstances of creation of the Hippocratic Oath, development of changes in the text of medical sponzes connected to changes in the society. The third chapter is dedicated to history of medicine from death of Hippocrates to present days.The last section is dedicated to the text analysis of the Hippocratic Oath in connection with current status of the medical field, and at the same time there was carried out a comparison of its text with applicable codes mentioned above. Aim of this thesis, in addition to interpretation and validity findings of the Hippocratic Oath, is to reveal identical and different elements referring to its text in the codes. Mutual comparison revealed that ethical issues of both codes are in accordance with the Hippocratic Oath. General ethical principles like decency, thoughtfulness and mutual respect are concepts, which have effect even today. I would say that in some points the Hippocratic Oath is obsolete and does not have anything to offer today. However, the opposite is true. Nowadays, medicine develops at an incredible pace and good relations between the physician and the patient slowly fade away. The patient is increasingly becoming some kind of material substance. Physicians often carry out their work under pressure of environment, insurance companies, pharmaceutical and other companies. Decency, empathy and good manners are disappearing. Nowadays, the Hippocratic Oath cannot fully encompass all complicated relationships and problems physicians face during their performance of their occupation, and according to these problems they should choose actual ethical practices. Despite its age, however, it is still accepted by laical and professional public for its unquestionable moral legacy.
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