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Risk Analysis, Prevention And Following Crise Measures During A Possible SARS Desease Importation
TOUSECKÝ, Peter
The topic of my bachelor thesis is {\clqq} The Risk Analysis, Prevention and Subsequent Crisis Precaution within Possible SARS Spreading.`` Nowadays SARS {--}Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome belongs to the possible threat to the population and starting with 12 th March 2003 the term SARS was defined as a risk phenomenon by the World Health Organization (WHO). As a matter of fact, SARS at the time of its beginning and spreading all over the world, didn´t occur in the Czech Republic and has been forgotten. More than ever it is necessary to remind the principal aspect of SARS origin and its potential impact on the inhabitants of the Czech Republic and its neighbouring countries in the case of SARS reccurence in the world. Educational training in a form of the anonymous questionnaire consisting of 80 respondents as well as information processing are the parts of my bachelor thesis. To the topic mentioned above I was motivated, at the time of SARS pandemic in the world, by the work in the Security Corps whose aim was monitoring and eliminating refugees inflow toEurope from the region of developing countries. Research data unambiguously prove that the developing countries were the area of SARS origin and occurence. Especially in 2003 in the land register of Strání Květná, district Uherské Hradiště, national border with Slovakia,the inflow more than 1000 refugees was recognized. But the estimates in this region start from the number of 5000 refugees who used this area of national border of the Czech Republic for illegal transferring to the developed European countries, namely Germany, with the help of passers. At that time the members of Force Corps had to face up to refugees drive although they were not trained and protected from SARS infection. I was interested in the problem of the infection transmission and I concluded that the fear in dealing with refugees in this post was wasted. SARS incubation period was maximum 10 days but the refugees´ transit from the country of origin especially from China to the Czech Republic was examined to the period from 1 to 3 months. The necessity to inform inhabitants of possible SARS transmission to Europe and the Czech Republic afterwords results from the mentioned personal knowledge.
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Epidemiology of tuberculosis - reaction on vaccine BCG
FOŠUM, Pavel
Epidemiology of tuberculosis-reaction to BCG vaccine World Health Organization records nine million people worldwide who fall ill with tuberculosis and more than three million who die of this disease a year. Tuberculosis has been known for a long time and despite the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis etiological role by Robert Koch, the invention of RTG diagnostics by Roentgen and effective treatment using antibiotics by Waksman as the first, this disease still represents a considerable risk for society. Prevention using BCG vaccine has positive as well as negative aspects. This thesis is focused on describing newborn vaccination coverage, occurrence and duration of side and adverse effects after the application of BCG vaccine during the first days of life and on the influence on the following compulsory vaccination. We used the method of quantitative research in the form of epidemiology descriptive study using the technique of individual data collection and analysis. As a research area the group of children born in 2004, 2005, and 2006 was used. The group of 804 children (410 boys and 393 girls) was selected by the technique of random cluster sampling. We found out that out of 804 respondents 98.6 % were vaccinated with BCG vaccine. The group of 11 children was not vaccinated due to: HBsAg positivity of mother, low birth weight or health problems. Reaction after BCG vaccination was not healed until the next planed shot in 307 children (38.1 %). There were 4 people with no reaction at all to BCG (0.8%). The most frequent side (adverse) reaction after vaccination was scar unhealed at the time of next planed vaccination in 274 cases, (34.1%). Monoreactions accounted for more than a half of recorded reactions. Reaction time period was in the range from 11 to 300 days. Median of reaction time period was 30 days. We did not find any serious adverse reaction. Our research demonstrated, that frequency of side and adverse reactions after BCG vaccination is high (38.1 %). These are mainly benign side effects. We found that these reactions lead to postponing of the subsequent vaccination of the compulsory vaccination scheme in all who reacted to BCG vaccination. The occurrence of side reactions after BCG vaccine raises the question of appropriateness to carry out the BCG vaccination in first days of life. The results of this thesis can be used as a pilot study for the whole country study of mapping side and adverse reactions and further consideration of compulsory vaccination scheme.
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Feeding diets comparison in the nutrition of sterlet
ŠESTÁK, František
Thesis is focused on comparison of dietary mixtures used in the nutriton of sterlet. While there are no special diets for sturgeons used in Czech Republic, I compared two mostly used trout dietary mixtures, which are used in sterlet nutrition. Feeding experiment was held in fish-hatchery Mydlovary, the aim was to find out differences in gain in weight, mortality and growth equability and to set feeding coefficients (SGR, RGR, FCR, FCE).
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The Influence of Pesticides on the Infectivity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes
NERMUŤ, Jiří
It is known that entomopathogenic nematodes rarely live in fields where pesticides and fertilizers are used. Because they are organisms with a high potential for biological and integrated pest control the thesis tried to determine the influence of pesticides on the infectivity and mortality of selected nematodes: Steinernema feltiae, S. arenarium and S. kraussei in water solution of some pesticides. The results are that preparations Vydate (a. i. oxamyl) and Sulka (a. i. sulphur) have the highest negative influence on both characteristics. These pesticides cause a mortality of 94.3 - 99.9 % and reduce infectivity by about 50 {--} 75 % (level 3). The following preparations may be identified as having higher potential for infectivity reduction: above all, Starane 250 EC (fluroxypyr), Sumithion super (fenithrothion), and Novozir MN 80 (mancozeb); on the other hand, Treflan 48 EC (trifluralin) significantly increases mortality. Another important observation is a fact that infectivity is significantly influenced only by concentration of pesticides, not by exposure time. During an experiment with enhacement of resistance to oxamyl (Vydate) I falling mortality and increasing infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes were observed after five rounds.
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Effect of selected abiotic factors on wing polymorphism of semiaquatic bug Microvelia reticulata Burmeister, 1835.
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Táňa
Wing polymorphism of semiaquatic bugs is affected by environmental factors as temperature, photoperiod, population density or permanency of habitat. The heritability has its own specific part, too. A lot of field studies suggest that crucial effect on wing polymorphism has temperature, but laboratory experiments often do not confirm this hypothesis. The main aim of this thesis was to describe the effect of environmental factors (photoperiod, temperature and permanency of habitat) on wing polymorphism of Microvelia reticulata, additionally of Gerris lacustris. The partial tasks included description of effect of mentioned abiotic factors on mortality and rate of development. The individuals of both species were kept at combinations of two levels of temperature, photoperiod and permanency of habitat (overall at eight treatments) from first larval instar to adult. All adults of Microvelia reticulata emerged as apterous, so there was no response of wing polymorphism to tested environmental factors. The main influence of heritability is presumable. Only ten individuals of G. lacustris developed into the adult stage, so it was impossible to describe the influence of abiotic factors on wing polymorphism, mortality and lenght of development in this species. Mortality of individuals of M. reticulata was significantly influenced by the type of substrate. Only 3.5% of individuals survived when reared on wet filter paper, while 80.5% on the water surface. Both other factors (temperature, photoperiod) had no effect on total mortality. There was no difference between mortality of males and females, so it is impossible to note sexual dependent mortality. The lenght of development did not differ between sexes either. Lenght of development was significantly affected by temperature, as low temperature reduces development of M. reticulata. The fastest development showed nymphs of second instar and slowest development nymphs of fifth instar at all treatments. Since the effect of abiotic factors on wing polymorphism was not found in M. reticulata, it would be sufficient to study the effect of heritability on development of wings in this species in the future.
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Possibilities of increasing of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus L.) quality stock production for running waters
NEBESKÝ, Václav
European grayling (Thymallus thymallus L.) is important and ancestral kind of fish in Czech Republic. Today number of grayling in open waters is decreasing. It caused many reasons. Mainly increasing fishing pressure, unfavourable regulation of streams, water pollutinon, raising occurrence of predators etc. That is why is necessarily devote care to this problem. Main goals of this work were optimalization of technologies to decrease post-spawning mortality of grayling spawners. Optimalization of technologies for breedig offspring of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus L.). Use artificially propagated stock of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus L.) in conditions of open waters. Experiments were done in Blanice River in South Bohemia (Czech Republic) and a hatchery of the Czech Anglers´ Union in Husinec. Part works were done in 2005, but majority in 2006. Results of this work indicate that is possible decrease post-spawning mortality of grayling spawners with using antibiotics. Also using stockfish from controlled conditions for restocking the open waters is conditionally possible. Problem is however with high losses after release.
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Chronological aspects of the acute coronary syndrome
Sitar, J. ; Střeštík, Jaroslav ; Kala, P. ; Špinar, J. ; Groch, L. ; Hlinomaz, O. ; Horňáček, I. ; Novák, M. ; Rezek, M. ; Sitar Jr., J. ; Tejc, M.
Daily rates of the direct PCI interventions in acute myocardial infarctions performed on two cardiological clinics in Brno (2004-2006) were analyzed from chronological aspects.They are more frequent in Monday whereas on weekends appears a minimum. They are alsomore frequent on early spring, the minimum is in November.
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The heat-stress-related mortality in the Czech Republic: first results
Kyselý, Jan ; Huth, Radan ; Kříž, B.
The analysis of the HSR mortality in the Czech Republic tries to find answers to the following questions: (i) which treshold value of tempereture (or of another temperature- and humidity- related variable)must be exceeded to observe the HSR mortality, in dependence on time of the year; (ii) which meteorological variable (or an index) accounts for the largest portion of the mortality increase, and what is the best model between meteorological variables and mortality; (iii) what is the dependence of the HSR mortality on the age group and sex; and (iv) whether a synoptic approach based on an objective classification of air masses leads to better results compared to the more traditional methods. The analysis covers the 1990s when some extremely hot summers appeared in the Czech Republic.
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AIDS v zemích subsaharské Afriky: příčiny, stav a důsledky
Bouřilová, Lenka ; Cihelková, Eva (advisor) ; Popovová, Marie (referee)
In the first part of the work are described the most frequent causes of the origin and spread of HIV/AIDS in sub-saharan Africa. The second part of the work summarizes the state of infection in sub-saharan Africa from quantitative and qualitative aspect and adumbration of AIDS outlook. The last part is focusing on the most serious impacts of illness for sub-saharan Africa and the whole world with emphasis on economic, demographic and social impacts.
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