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Problem of hospital infections such as scabies
Kováříková, Pavla ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Eislerová, Iva (referee)
v AJ The main goal of this thesis is to define the aspects of the disease scabies as a nosocomial infection. This disease belongs to the most common skin infestations ever and that is why its introduction into the medical facilities often threatens. Nosocomial infections are one of the most important indicator of the quality of provided medical care and for this reason medics pay great attention to prevent any kinds of contagion. My thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part is devoted to the disease scabies itself, epidemiological situation, occupational diseases and legislation. In the research part of this thesis i deal with the availability of personal protective equipment, which is important for the prevention of nosocomial infections. Further i follow the health prefesionals knowledge and thein obtaining of necedssary information. The occurrence of nosocomial infection among questioned persons and the percentage of disease scabies are being evaluated as well. From the obtained results i tis obvils that scabies is a common parasitic disease and even that the sings and symptoms are well known, not always this disease is properly diagnosed. Due to the high hygiene standard sof the clients scabies is often confused with other itchy noninfectious disease and that is the reason why...
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Mortality in the czech countries in the years 1920-1937 with emphasis on selected infectious diseases
Skalák, Zdeněk ; Fialová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Mortality in the Czech countries in the years 1920-1937 with emphasis on selected infectious diseases Abstract The aim of this work is to analyze mortality rates in the czech countries in the years 1920-1937. We focus on a group of infectious diseases that had in this period in terms of cause of death still a high proportion. The rate of mortality due to infectious diseases is dependent on many aspects, such as the correct detection of the disease, effective vaccines and the level of medicine. It is these causes that brought about the sharp decline in mortality due to infectious diseases in the late 19th century. Hovewer, the First World War interupted this permanent decline and the newly created Czechoslovak state had to deal with relatively high mortality due to these diseases. The inter-war period saw recurrent epidemies of infectious deseases, nevertheless until the Second World War we can see the change in mortality due to causes. The infectious diseases are gradually replaced by modern diseases, especially cancers and diseases of the circulatory system. Key words: mortality, causes of death, infectious diseases, decomposition, classification of causes of death, medical discoveries, the level of health
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Pupils knowledges abou infectious diseases
Rančáková, Hana ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Erhart, Lukáš (referee)
A knowledge about infectious diseases and vaccination is very important in this time. The questionnaire, which is part of this thesis, is designated for 1st to 4th grade high school students and the upper grade grammar school pupils. The questionnaire was used to analyse pupils' knowledge and attitudes about infectious diseases and vaccination. Pupils' knowledge and attitudes are quite good and students are able to voice their opinion. Females have better knowledge than males and older students are better too. The thesis is further focusing on how are the infectious diseases included in the National Curriculum and examine the prevention programmes for schools. The other purpose is to follow up the threat of pandemic diseases and present state of knowledge and awareness about this topic.
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Evolutionary implications of innate immunity receptors polymorphism
Bainová, Zuzana ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Zajícová, Alena (referee)
Interactions between hosts and their parasites are considered to be one of the major forces driving animal evolution. It can be assumed that the evolutionary changes will occur especially in host molecules directly involved in these interactions. The first line of host defense is formed by innate immunity receptors among which also pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) belong. PRRs detect the presence of parasites at the beginning of their invasion by binding characteristic structures of their bodies (so called pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs, e. g. lipopolysaccharide, flagellin or peptidoglycans) or abnormal self molecules (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs, e.g heat shock proteins). Although this mechanism of immune system activation is based on the recognition of ligands that are relatively evolutionarily conservative in pathogens, growing body of evidence suggests that PRRs are highly polymorphic on both interspecific and intraspecific level. High frequencies of minority alleles can be observed in most populations studied. It has been proven that particular alleles of many PRRs may associate with increased or decreased resistance to various infectious or autoimmunity diseases. Relationship between polymorphic receptor and a disease could be the main force, which shapes the...
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Awareness of contagious disease in mind of pupils at basic and secondary schools.
Peštová, Ilona ; Rajsiglová, Ina (advisor) ; Fraiberk, Martin (referee)
Infectious diseases are a very hot topic nowadays in society. In recent years, there were several epidemics, infectious diseases (hepatitis A, Avian influenza, pandemic influenza A) and nobody knows when will the next "new" infection. At the outbreak of epidemics, there is great interest in the company to obtain information about the disease, but often also to unnecessary panic, because the media often publish incorrect information. It would be preferable, in order to improve public awareness and prevent the unnecessary spread of disease. Great emphasis should be given to prevent the disease - primarily on immunization, hygiene rules and principles of safe sex. Quality information should be mainly from teachers in teaching their pupils, as is clear from research books, infectious diseases are only mentioned in textbooks and the number of substantive information in them is missing. The fact that pupils of primary schools and grammar schools with basic information on infectious diseases do not meet in the classroom, evidenced by the results of a survey carried out in the 6th classes and first year at selected elementary schools and grammar schools in Prague. To raise awareness of the pupils in school was to create a methodical manual for teachers, which summarizes information about bacterial and...
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The question of mandatory vaccination and vaccination coverage
Borovcová, Anna ; Bezchlebová, Daniela (advisor) ; Fabiánová, Jana (referee)
The main concern of this thesis is the issue of mandatory vaccination and vaccination coverage in the Czech Republic. Therefore it focuses on all vaccines against infectious diseases which are now mandatory for all of the children: measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, viral hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. The goal of this thesis is to illustrate the importance and benefits of vaccination on incidence and mortality of these diseases. Another part of this thesis is also description of methodology which is used to gather data about vaccination coverage and what the results are. In this part Liberec Region is used as an example. As a result of the unsuitable methodology which is used for data gathering in the Czech Republic, it was not possible to say whether the vaccination coverage de-creases in time. The thesis itself provides an information overview about vaccination which is important from demographic point of view and it also might be an impulse for changing current methodology of data collection.
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Health and social issues of vaccination
OLIVOVÁ, Vladimíra
The system of vaccination in the Czech Republic has a long tradition and the protection of public health and maintenance of a high immunization coverage in the population have always been a priority. The main goal of this bachelor's thesis is to perform an analysis of the morbidity levels of infectious diseases against which voluntary or mandatory vaccination is available in children and adults and of their social and health impacts, provide a rationale for vaccination and demonstrate the consequences of vaccine denialism. The theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis is based upon the analysis of scientific literature and represents a comprehensive introduction to the concept of vaccination, including a brief overview of the course, consequences and current spread of selected infectious diseases against which vaccination is available. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis is a combination of a secondary data analysis and quantitative research investigation utilizing the method of anonymous questionnaires, aimed at uncovering the opinions of citizens on the vaccination of children and adults. Three hypotheses were formulated. The H1 hypothesis that "The opinions of respondents concerning vaccination will differ based on their age", The H2 hypothesis that "Respondents with tertiary education have more information on the course and potential consequences of infectious diseases which can be vaccinated against" and The H3 hypothesis that "Younger respondents make use of the subsidization of non-mandatory vaccination provided by the insurance companies more often". The issue of vaccination has become an often-discussed topic in the recent years, in particular in relation to vaccination mandates. Vaccination objectors and organized anti-vaccination movements have begun to appear, resulting in undue emphasis being placed on detrimental side effects of vaccination, while ignoring the risks of infectious diseases and their health and social impacts.
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Surveillance of infectious diseases from the viewpoint of international cooperation in accordance to EU regulations
NYAMBE, Anayawa
Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Due to these times of increased globalization, Europe must react quickly to the threat of infectious diseases by introducing effective control mechanisms and prevention programs to limit their spread. From the perspective of international cooperation, the Czech Republic is bound to ensure the reporting of infectious diseases from the national level to the EU Community and the World Health Organization. The following work is dedicated to the study of infectious disease surveillance. This study looks at the initial origins of infectious disease surveillance, to the development of surveillance in the Czech Republic and the recent advances in infectious disease surveillance in the European Union. The research also takes a brief look at the general principles of surveillance and the global situation, all as a means to give a comprehensive study of disease surveillance as a way to control the spread of infectious diseases. Finally, this thesis outlines the changes that have occurred in infectious disease surveillance in Czech Republic and the European Union during this last decade.
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