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Genetically modified organisms and the legal regulation of their disposal
Fornůsková, Michaela ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS AND LEGAL REGULATION OF THEIR USE ENGLISH RESUME This thesis aims to give a complete insight into the framework and problem questions arising in connection with legal regulation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The use of genetic modifications as one of modern techniques of biotechnology has spread widely during last fifty years. This technology has brought many advances. On the other hand as any new technology it represents potential adverse effects on biological diversity and possible risks to human health. At the beginning there is a brief introduction into GMOs from historical and technical point of view. Then I dealt with biosafety measures adopted at global, regional and national levels. The main principles of environmental law take part afterwards. I am focusing mainly on prevention and precautionary principle. International law relating to the GMOs consists of soft law documents. There is only one exception - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety focusing on transboundary movement. The Law of EU comprises of Regulations, Directives and Recommendations. Notifications, approvals, risk assessment and monitoring are consequential. The Czech law has been harmonized according to the law of the European Communities. Act no. 78/2004 Coll., on the use of GMOs and genetic...
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Environmental impact assessment of projects
Černá, Karolína ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
The topic of this thesis is Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). This is a very significant cross-sectional and preventive environmental protection tool. Its purpose is to identify as soon as possible any probable averse environmental impacts of presented project proposals. The whole process is led by a competent state offices. Necessary expert participants of the procedure are so-called "authorized persons" supplying specific technical studies on which the impact assessment is made. Another important factor, public participation, helps to improve efficiency of the EIA process. The whole procedure results in so-called Statement, which should define necessary conditions for the implementation of the project in effort to minimize negative impacts. If the project proposal is unacceptable under any circumstances it can not be given a consent to implement it and the statement must reject it. Conclusions formulated in the Statement serve as a basis for administrative decisions on project approval. Given the considerable breadth of the thesis topic it is focused on several key tasks, namely to provide a comprehensive explanation of the legal development of the EIA process, to analyze its current legislation and mapping legal rules of public participation in the EIA process. The following section...
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The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Maršál, Tomáš ; Franková, Martina (advisor) ; Damohorský, Milan (referee)
The main goal of my thesis is to provide an in-depth analysis of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), which is currently one of the significant legal tools of environmental quality protection. In case any public or private project is likely to have a significant effect on the environment, it needs to pass through the EIA proceedings. This process precedes the development consent to the project. The original EU legal regulation (Council directive 85/337/EEC amended by Directives 97/11/EC, 2003/35/EC and 2009/31/EC) is described in the first part of the thesis. The main sources of this chapter are the judicial decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Communities that reflect the incorrect transpositions of the directive into the legal order of the individual member states. The second chapter is focused on specific attributes of the Czech legal regulation that is included in the legal act no. 100/2001 Sb. modified by further amendments. The regulation is divided into two parts: The first part, the assessment, is concluded by a non-binding opinion, while the second part is concluded by development consent or refusal, as based on particular legal regulations. The most severe issue of the Czech regulation is the insufficient ensurance of participation opportunities of members of the public...
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Legal aspects of constructing a deep geological repository of nuclear waste in the Czech Republic
Lipenská, Dana ; Handrlica, Jakub (advisor) ; Svoboda, Petr (referee)
The thesis titled Legal aspects of constructing a deep geological repository od nuclear waste in the Czech Republic deals with the administrative procedures that needs to be taken before beginning construction of a deep geological repository. Work can be divided into three major parts. The first part deals with analysis of current legislation relating to nuclear energy, with emphasis on the treatment of nuclear waste. International and European commitments of the Czech Republic, current and new Atomic act, as well as institutional and financial arrangements for nuclear waste management are also included in this part. The following section has been devoted to the various administrative procedures. The goal of this section in not to provide complete description of the procedures, but to highlight points of interest and identify potential problems of current legislation and to propose better solution. The last major part is dedicated to public participation in the various administrative procedures. Emphasis is placed on the possibility of involvement of public and the affected communities in related administrative procedures. This chapter also contains a draft of the bill on community involvement in the process of selecting a site for deep repository.
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Integrated Pollutant Transfer Register - the positive and negative aspects of the czech legal regulation
Andrlová, Kristýna ; Geuss, Erik (advisor) ; Šauer, Petr (referee)
The aim of the presented bachelor thesis is to provide a systematic insight into the system of Integrated Pollutant Emission Register as a czech version of Pollutant Emission Registers. The main purpose od the thesis is to answer the question who is the real beneficiary of such a source of information and whether our specific legal provisions have a rather positive or negative effect towards both its users and obliged enterpreneurs. Does it bring more good or bad and does it cost a lot or not? By means of description and analysis of its current legal status, the thesis first seeks to depict its legal development, position in international context as well as its nature and function. The second part of the thesis is devoted to research work, which was undertaken by means of questionnaire addressed to obliged businesses. The questionnaire was divided into three separate parts and its main purpose was to analyse the changes emerging from the new legislation and their financial consequences, taken from the responses of directly involved subjects. At the end, the thesis summarises conclusions from both its theoretical and practical part in order to answer the questions mentioned above and suggest a few possibilities for the future development of the czech system. The bachelor thesis is written in Czech language.
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