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Sledování morfologických a fyziologických parametrů u sadby papriky
Kyanková, Hana
This bachelor essay concentrates on watching chosen morphological and physiological parameters of sweet pepper planting. (Capsicum annuum L.). For the actual experiment sorts of Libera ('Balkonovka', 'Františka', 'Pluto' a 'Stalagnit'.) were chosen. The whole experiment took place in the Libera company. I had two variants -- the first one used supporting preparation Pentakeep Super, in the second variant I applied Pentakeep Super with mineral fertilizer. The aim of the experiment was comparing these two variants with the untreated option and also comparing the results of observed parameters between the particular sorts. The observed parameters were: plant's height, size of the leaf area, the average of root neck, dry basis content, chlorophyll content and carotenenoids. According to the evaluated parameters the positive effects of the used preparation was proved.
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Detekce mikrobiální kontaminace molekulárně-biologickými metodami v kořeninové paprice
Machálková, Zuzana
Dryed pepper is one of the most used spice in many parts of the world. The presence of undesirable pathogens can be a serious problem for consumers. Especially contamination by microscopic fungi, some of which produce mycotoxins representatives, poses a great threat to humans. Today's conventional method for determining contamination by microorganisms are time consuming and some less common types of pathogens can be difficult to determine. In the context of this thesis were applied molecular biology methods for detection of contamination in samples of pepper. There were selected ITS regions for sequencing, which show high variability between species and organisms are an appropriate tool for the taxonomy. The sequence analysis of the ITS regions were identified by sequence high similarity with the ITS regions of many microscopic fungi especially representatives of the class of Ascomycotina and several yeast species. The work was a qualitative rather than a quantitative detection, which does not exclude the wholesomeness of the samples, which is proven by health protocols.
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Determination of selected chemical parameters of fruits of cultivated elderberry varieties
Hamalová, Veronika ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
In this thesis was determinated selected chemical and nutritional parameters in the wild elderberry and 17 cultivated varieties of elderberry. The fruits was provided by the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd. The theoretical part deals describes elderberry, chemical composition of elderberry, especially biological active substances and its using not only food industry. Closer attention has been focused on effect of saccharides, anthocyanins and methods of their determination, specially determination by HPLC. The experimental part describes the various methods of determination of selected chemical and nutritional parameters. Total dry matter, content of total polyphenolic compounds, monomeric anthocyanin pigment and antioxidant activity was defined in all varieties of elderberry fruits. For some varieties was defined total soluble dry matter, content of organic acids and saccharides by various methods. In the end was compared the values from different methods varieties.
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Miniaturized techniques for analysis of industrial yeasts
Obalil, Jiří ; Kočí, Radka (referee) ; Klepárník,, Karel (advisor)
Carotenoids are natural pigments that have antioxidation and antimutagenic abilities. They are produced with the help of new technological methods. For example, carotenoid yeast Rhodotorula glutinis produces -carotene with the yield of up to 6 – 10 mg/g of the dry substance. The method of the mass spectrometry with the nanoelectrospray in the positive mode was optimized for the determination of -carotene, lycopene and astaxanthin in this project. Ionizing voltage of 4 kV and the sample flow rate of 15 – 80 nl/min through the spray silica fused capillary with the internal diameter of 25 µm were found to be the optimum parameters of the analysis. A mixture of chloroform with the addition of ammonia was used as a spray solvent for both standard and cellular samples. During the process of ionization by nanoelectrospray, -carotene and lycopene form cation radical [M] • + with the molecular mass to charge ratio (m/z) of 536, while asthaxanthin forms the protonated molecule [M + H]+ with the m/z of 597. The partial lysis of individual Rhodotorula glutinis cells was demonstrated under microscope in the organic solvents tetrahydrofuran and dimethylsulfoxide. Chloroform, acetone, acetonitrille, methanol and isopropanol did not affect the cells after a 15 min treatment.
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Use of selected fluorescence techniques to characterization of microbial cells
Vaněk, Martin ; Pekař, Miloslav (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Carotenoids are one of the most abundant natural pigment. Furthermore, they have great potential for wide industrial utilization. Nowadays, prefered (and cheaper) synthetic method counters progressively improved biotechnological production. Far more cheaper production should be reached via implementing methods of on-line optimization, such as flow cytometry. In this thesis the dependence of yeasts autotofluorescence intensity on carotenoids concentration in dry mass was studied. The dependence was established by means of linear regression. Moreover, the dependence between light scatter and the amount of dry mass was established by means of model utilizing forward scatter, side scatter and number of cells in unit volume. Yeasts' cells was also studied under the lenses of laser scanning confocal microscope. The goal was to localize carotenoids inside cells. Experiments undertaken suggest that they are localized inside the lipidic granules, but more experiments are required for a proof.
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Sensory evaluation of selected cheeses and analogue products
LAFATOVÁ, Veronika
This diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of processed sliced products (cheese and analogues). For this purpose, was carried out sensory analysis of these products, a serial test and a questionnaire. Evaluation carried out a total of 65 assessors - 23 men and 42 women. The analysis of ranking showed that in the group of assessors was best evaluated processed wafer product (analogue) (average rank of 2,6) and processed sliced cheese (average rank of 2,7). For sensory analysis was found a significant role of fat on the dry basis of the product and the presence of added substances (extract from peppers, Emmental) on the perception of assessors. The survey was focused on the preference of the attractiveness of packaging of selected processed cheese slices and sliced processed products, furthermore focused on understanding the concept of the analogue product. Assessors have demonstrated their knowledge of the concept of analogue product only in 14% of cases.
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Study of extraction of the biologically active substances from elderberry marc
Lošková, Tereza ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the determining of anthocyanin pigments in the extracts of elderberry marc (Sambucus nigra L.). The theoretical part is divided into four main chapters. In the first chapter there is botanical characteristics of elderberry, its origin and occurrence, chemical composition and the possibilities of usage in a food industry. The second part is devoted to characterization of phenolic compounds in berry fruits. Bigger attention is given to anthocyanin dyes, its occurrence, properties, health and antioxidant effects and the possibilities of usage in food industry. The third chapter is devoted to methods of determination of discussed dyes and phenolic compounds. The fourth chapter deals with the possibilities of disruption of plant cell walls. In the experimental part a series of elderberry marc's extraction was made. The purpose was to optimize the extraction course and to get the highest yield of dyes in an economically and operationally acceptable way. Time dependence of extractions was studied and a kind of extraction solvent and a ratio of its components were optimized. Distilled water or its mixture with ethanol was used as a solvent. During the water extraction the temperatures 25 °C and 50 °C were maintained and with the higher temperature the higher yields were obtained. Apart from this another supporting components as cellulolytic enzyme, ultrasound or shaker were used. The most effective method of extraction proved to be the extraction by the mixture water-ethanol (50:50) in the volume 80 mL. The total anthocyanins yield of this extraction was, expressed as cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent, 914,4 ± 3,8 mg100 g-1 dry weight after 10 hours and the total phenolics yield was, expressed as gallic acid equivalent, 1957,0 ± 9,9 mg100 g-1 dry weight at the same time. The usage of ultrasound increased the efficiency of the extraction by water at 50 °C by 12 %. On the contrary, the usage of cellulolytic enzyme didn't increase the anthocyanin yield, because the enzyme was inactive.
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The effect of biologicaly active substances on the structure and properties of collagenous substrates
Muchová, Johana ; Michlovská, Lenka (referee) ; Vojtová, Lucy (advisor)
Diplomová práce se zabývá přípravou 3D porézních kolagenových skafoldů metodou lyofilizace a jejich modifikací bioaktivními látkami. K modifikaci byly použity přírodní polysacharidy – chitosan, vápenatá oxidovaná celulóza a chitin/chitosan-glukanový komplex. Mechanické vlastnosti skafoldů byly upraveny síťováním pomocí karbodiimidů. Růstové faktory byly dodány formou destičkového lyzátu. Byl zkoumán vliv biologicky aktivních aditiv, siťovacího činidla a obohacení růstovými faktory na vlastnosti připravených skaffoldů a jejich bioaktivitu v tkáních živých organismů. Konkrétně byly studovány morfologické vlastnosti, struktura, porozita, botnání, stabilita, chemické složení, teplota denaturace a biologické vlastnosti. K charakterizaci byly použity metody rastrovací elektronová mikroskopie, infračervená spektroskopie, diferenční kompenzační kalorimetrie a konfokální mikroskop. Připravené kolagenové substráty obohaceny bioaktivním aditivem a destičkovým lyzátem mohou být využity v biomedicíně jako skafoldy pro růst buněk v systémech s nízkou mechanickou zátěží.
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Hodnocení vlivu doplňkových závlah s přídavkem bioaditiv v kulturách zeleniny
Koláčná, Lucie
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the bioaditivs on the pepper (Capsicum annuum). For a given experiment were selected products based on bacteria strains , exactly : Azospirillum brasilense K2012 242/9 , Azospirillum largimobile B41 K2012, K2009 Leuconostoc mesenteroides 25/4 , Pseudomonas chlororaphis K2009 13/4, Pseudomonas lundensis K2009 9/4-B and algal bio-preparation R49S/2011 companies Rawat . Furthermore, the variant treated with arbuscular fungi , the inoculum was composed of Glomus intraradices BEG140, Glomus claroideum BEG210 , Glomus microaggregatum BEG56, Glomus intraradices S7, Glomus versiforme a saprophytic fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Next experiment contained a variant treated with phenyl and seven untreated control variant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the additives, namely the action of bacterial additives on the yield and nutritional parameters. The entire experiment was carried out in the Slovak village Závod. The results were analyzed statistically using programme STATISTICA 12. Based on the obtained results, it is evident that the variant algae + bacteria was found to increase revenues , compared to control treatment. The highest yield was achieved in the variations of Mycorrhiza + Trichoderma. The nutritional parameters were determined total antioxidant capacity in fruits, vitamin C and dry matter content . High levels of vitamin C were achieved in variants Phenyl 7, at least variants Algae + bacteria between these variants was statistically significant difference of almost 50 %. Total antioxidant capacity was clearly highest in control untreatment variant. Among the variants and Algae Control + bacteria was 37 %. In determining the content of dry matter was found that a minimum content of dry matter showed variant Algae + bacteria, 4.75%.
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Response of different genotypes of Zea mays L. and Vicia faba L. treated with brassinosteroids to water deficit
Kuklíková, Radka ; Rothová, Olga (advisor) ; Hnilička, František (referee)
This work monitors the response of plants to the application of a solution of synthetic brassinosteroid (5-fluor-3α,17β-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-6-on) under drought stress conditions and subsequent restoration of water availability. The response of two plant species was monitored under six-day period of cessation of watering and under six-day period of renewed optimal water supply. The experiments were carried out on plants with different type of photosynthesis - C3 plant Vicia faba L. and C4 plant Zea mays L.. For both plant species, three varieties/genotypes were used. Photosynthetic, morphological and developmental characteristics were monitored. The brassinosteroid treatment influenced more the morphological than the photosynthetic characteristics. The content of photosynthetic pigments was influenced more than the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The differences in morphological characteristics between individual varieties/genotypes were observed. The response to the application of brassinosteroid was observed especially for drought-sensitive variety/genotype. Application of brassinosteroid caused increase of the dry mass of leaves and roots, the height to leaf , the height of the whole plant and its increment under stress and post-stress periods in both plant species. The content of...
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