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Use of soil conservation technologies in the growing of sugar beet
Hybler, Jakub ; Urban, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vladimír, Vladimír (referee)
More recently we meet with many extremes of weather. One such are sudden and heavy rainstorms. Now most these rains endanger the agricultural land the emergence of water erosion. Most sensitive to water erosion are wide row crops, including sugar beet also. For these reasons, in recent years we paid great attention to the impact of tillage effects on soil water erosion.
The aim of this thesis was evaluate the influence of autumn tillage on water erosion soil in the stand of sugar beet, but also on the yield and quality parameters of the crop. A secondary aim was to assess the effect of increasing the leafy ground cover beet on water erosion soil.
For this purpose over the years 2012-2015 based on accurate field trials on lands Agro Chomutice Inc. Experiments were set up in three variants namely shallow loosening (10 cm) deep plowing (25 cm) deep loosening (25 cm). In various growth phases proceeds artificial rainfall. In the first growth phase was not sugarbeet involved either in row and not in the between rows. In the second growth phase of the beet involved in the row between rows but not yet. In the third growth phase has been fully involved growth. Itself artificial rainfall was performed field simulator rain and was observed soil loss from individual variants.
At artificial rainfall it was found that sugar beet is the most threatened by water erosion soil in the early growth phase and at this phase the most evident difference autumn tillage to sugar beets. In the first growth phase of sugar beet, which was carried artificial rainfall, the best results both for deep loosening and deep plowing. In 2012 (24. 5. 2012) was measured with a deep loosening of soil loss of 1.30 t ha-1, representing a decrease of 64.76% compared to the shallow loosening and by 40.91% compared to deep plowing. Conversely, in 2014 (2. 6. 2014) was evaluated as the best variant of deep plowing the soil loss of 0.11 t ha-1. Such loss soil is 78.43% less compared to the deep loosening and lower by 91.41% compared to the shallow loosening. Similar results were achieved for both deep loosening and deep plowing in the later phases of growth, which was carried artificial rainfall. From the results it was found that the sugar beet at later growth phases better resists water erosion. This is illustrated in 2012, when the first artificial rainfall (24. 5. 2012) was observed soil loss of 2.20 t ha-1 for deep plowing. In the second artificial rainfall (6. 6. 2012) 0.03 t ha-1, and the third (1. 8. 2012) have been measured zero loss soil. The same results were achieved in the following experimental years.
On deep loosening achieved the largest root yield (99.71 t ha-1), but the difference between deep plowing (99.32 t ha-1) was only 0.39%. The highest sugar content reached variant with deep loosening (18.95%). When the statistical treatment has not been established between the variants statistically significant difference. The greatest yield root recalculated at 16% sugar content reached variant with deep loosening (122.32 t ha-1), but again the difference between deep plowing (119.81 t ha-1) was only 2.10%.
Results from four years has clearly demonstrated beneficial effect of deep loosening and deep tillage on soil water erosion in the sugar beet crop. Furthermore, it was found that with increasing abundances leaf and root growth of sugar beet decreases danger of water erosion. Sugar beet is the most susceptible to water erosion in the early phases of growth, and at this time was applied deep autumn tillage. For a fully wired vegetation were not detected significant loss soil, and at this time ceases to be a dangerous erosion sugar beet crop. For yield and quality parameters of sugar beet was found positive effect of deep loosening and deep tillage on yield and quality of sugar beet. The least favorable results in all experimental years was achieved in a shallow loosening.
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Vyhodnocení erozní ohroženosti pozemků a návrh řešení na vybraném projektu komplexní pozemkové úpravy
HORNÍK, Jan
The thesis is focused on the evaluation of erosion risks and design solutions to selected comprehensive landscaping project. As a region of interest for the job is selected cadastral areas Rychnov u Nových Hradů and Dlouhá Stropnice, which lies in Region of South Budweis. For calculations of values is washed off using a universal soil loss equation by Wischmeier and Smith. The plots of erosion rate greater than the permissible quantity of proposed erosion control measures such as erosion control crop rotation, contour cultivation and erosion limits.
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Comparison of the effects of rain on the old and new rainfall simulator
Banzetová, Diana ; Vrba, Jan (referee) ; Milerski, Rudolf (advisor)
This dissertation is focused to modeling of the rainfall in laboratory conditions by the rainfall simulator invented in VUT Brno. Results of the measuring are compared with measured values of the original rainfall simulator located in VVU VSH VUT in Brno by the Kninicky village in 1976-1980. Dissertation verifies rightness of substituting the natural rain with the rainfall simulator on bare soil in the original location, kinetic energy of the rain drops is substituted with the energy gained from the weight of the drops - the flow. Generally the dissertation determines the possibilities of the rainfall simulator's current location.
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Flood prevention by using biotechnical measures
Pospíšil, Jan ; Pavlík, František (referee) ; Dumbrovský, Miroslav (advisor)
This thesis investigates the design of complex systems-natural flood control measures in the area of the cadastral municipality Jeseník nad Odrou. Based on the analysis and exploration of the territory, it was suggested a possible solution by erosion and hydrological GIS tools. To identify areas at risk of erosion and runoff conditions were used a digital elevation model, Wischmeier-Smith equation and model DesQ. Subsequently, the effectiveness was evaluated by comparing the results navžených measure erosion and runoff conditions before and after measures.
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Erosion control measures as a device of ecological stability (of the landscape).
MAREK, Jakub
The topic of this thesis are erosion control measures as a device of ecological stability (of the landscape). As a region of interest the basin near Kalenice village, which lies on the border of West and South Bohemian Regions in Strakonice district, was chosen. For the calculations of soil loss values, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) developed by Wischmeier and Smith, was used. For estates with above the threshold values of soil loss, the preventive anti-erosion measures as a crop rotation and diking (dyking) were suggested.
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Evaluation of erosion control measures and their applicability for land consolidation projects
HORNÍK, Jan
The thesis is focused on the evaluation of erosion control measures and their applicability for land consolidation projects. As a region of interest for the job is selected river basins around the village Žinkovy, which lies in Pilsen Region. For calculations of values is washed off using a universal soil loss equation by Wischmeier and Smith. The plots of erosion rate greater than the permissible quantity of proposed erosion control measures such as erosion control crop rotation, contour cultivation, erosion limits and wing dam
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The impact of the intensive agriculture on biodiversity of the Nature Reserve Havranka
VESELÁ, Miluše
Land is one of the most important natural resources. Intensive use of land for agricultural production and large-scale deforestation gradually violated natural land cover and exposed the surface to the effects of erosion, eutrophication, and degradation. This thesis focuses on the impact of soil erosion and subsequent water eutrophication that affects biodiversity in the nature reserve Havranka. The thesis also concentrates on the monitoring and impact assessment of crop rotation and tillage in the fields around the above-mentioned nature reserve and on erosion protection. The thesis was developed by means of literature research. In addition to the literature, crop rotation plans and photographs of the area of interest were used.
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Erosion threat of landscape in the context of sustainable agricultural system
SIMANDLOVÁ, Veronika
Currently there is about 54% of agricultural land at risk of water erosion. A prerequisite for sustainable agricultural development is the implementation of soil protection. Erosion control measures represent a set of measures that, in addition the priority function of reducing the losses of the soil, significantly affect the water conditions in the countryside. The topic of my thesis is the erosion threat of landscape in the context of sustainable agricultural system. The first part focuses on the literature search related to sustainable agriculture, soil erosion problems and possibilities of protection ALR (Agricultural Land Resources). The practical part is concerned with a particular territory in which comprehensive landscaping erosion control measures have been taken. The aim was to assess the condition of the above mentioned area before and after the implementation of measures. Furthermore, individual parameters were evaluated, as well as the types and localization of erosion control features in the area of interest, comparing them with the project documentation and a plan of joint facilities.
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Motivation to protect soil from erosion
Pysková, Renata ; Vejchodská, Eliška (advisor) ; Slavíková, Lenka (referee)
The aim of this paper is analysis of particular aspects which influence land users in their behaviour, acting and approach to the land protection of erosion. The paper points out factors which lead to motivation and demotivation and influence participants in order to legal aspects and owners' relation to nature resources. The main question is if land users are motivated to protect land or not. The institucional analysis of Elinor Ostrom, known as Institutional Analysis and Development Framework (IAD) is crucial to profound the results. Particular steps of the method help to cover all the questions which are significant to evaluate effectivness of politic system in order to land protection of fast erosion which interfere to many sectors of půblic economy.
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The antierosion precautions as the element of the ecological landscape stability
LIŠKOVÁ, Barbora
The subject of this thesis is the erosion control as the element of the ecologic stability. The target of this thesis is to determine the amount of the soil, which is being lost from lands in Štěkře cadastral area as consequence of the surface runoff. I use the universal soil loss equation from Wischmeier and Smith for calculations. I also calculate the cubature runoff from the micro catchment area according to Čerkašin and the transport of floating solids according to Williams and Berndt. I propose the antierosion precautions for lands which have got the measure of erosion bigger then acceptable value. I compare all findings before and after the antierosion precautions.
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