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Komplexní analýza dlouhodobých změn krkonošské tundry: Paleoekologická geneze vegetačních a klimatických změn v průběhu holocénu v tundrové oblasti KRNAP
Botanický ústav AV ČR, Průhonice ; Správa KRNAP, Vrchlabí ; Svobodová, Helena ; Vaněk, Jan
Cíl projektu: Popsání vodního režimu půd včetně znečištění těžkými kovy a distribuce radonu, dynamika tundrových ekosystémů v závislosti na změnách prostředí, sledování vývoje vegetačních a klimatických změn v krkonošské tundře v holocénu, rozbor příčin ohrožení populací vybraných krkonošských rostlinných druhů a sledování klíčivosti dominant travních dominant tundrových ekosystémů. Získané poznatky využit pro předvídání ekologických katastrof, navrhování účinných postupů revitalizace krajiny, začlenění území do sítě Natura 2000 a programu ITEX a v neposlední řadě pro rozhodování v činnosti státní správy. Výsledky projektu bude možné v některých parametrech srovnávat s projektem DART (Dynamic response of the forest - tundra, ecotone to environmental change) řešeným ve Skandinávii. Úkoly řešené v roce 2002 v rámci subprojektu 4: Palynologický výzkum rašelinišť a periglaciálních útvarů v alpinském stupni Krkonoš s cílem zjistit stáří a genezi rašelinišť v holocénu globálně a lokálně a doložit původ periglaciálních útvarů, zjistit kolísání horní hranice lesa v průběhu holocénu, detailně rozčlenit vliv člověka na vývoj rostlinných společevstev; Stanovit původ a rozšíření horské tundry v Krkonoších ve vztahu k vývoji horské tundry ve Skandinávii a Skotsku; Získání podkladů k ochraně periglaciálních jevů (včetně rašeliništních útvarů) v tundrové oblasti Krkonoš; Pylový monitoring, sledování současných pylových spadů na exponovaných stanovištích v oblasti Krkonoš.
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Possibilities of estimating the efficiency of financial system and granting social services
Jeřábková, Věra ; Fischer, Jakub (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee) ; Zelený, Martin (referee)
A significant problem of functioning the public sector is to ensure the efficiency of public expenditures. Efficiency model's creating is a dynamic process that requires regular evaluation of the socioeconomic conditions. The efficiency of financial system and granting social services is still not measured in the Czech Republic. The area of social services is affected by number of criteria and factors. So it is necessary to apply different views on evaluating the efficiency of social care, social prevention and social counseling. The efficiency of social services can not be estimated as a whole, but we should focus on different groups of social services and individual services within the group. In this thesis the efficiency is measured in the two selected residental social care services -- homes for the elderly and homes for people with disabilities. The applied methods was used only to a limited extent because of lacks of many important variables in the area of official statics. In the case of multiple criteria methods the calculation was also impeded by the availability of suitable software.
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Total Factor Productivity Estimates
Vltavská, Kristýna ; Fischer, Jakub (advisor) ; Macek, Jan (referee) ; Čadil, Jan (referee)
The aims of the dissertation thesis are to provide the comprehensive economic-statistical viewpoint on the issue of estimating labour productivity and total factor productivity; to evaluate the quality of the available data sources and to test the usage of new inputs to the production function in the Czech Republic. The first chapter provides a theoretical basis for subsequent estimates of labour productivity and total factor productivity. The second and third chapters concentrate on a detailed definition of data sources and definitions of input and output indicators in the production function. Moreover, the second chapter introduces new approaches to the estimation of the input indicators to the production function (labour services, capital services). The fourth chapter deals with estimates of labour productivity. Specifically, the relationship of labour productivity and educational structures are examined as well as estimates for regions of the Czech Republic and estimates for non-market industry that do not allow the use of the traditional approach. The fifth chapter focuses on possible particularization and improvement of the estimation of total factor productivity using new input variables. The same chapter further compares the index number approach and econometric approach including the test of constant returns to scale. The estimation of total factor productivity in individual Czech regions is also part of the chapter.
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Česká swapová křivka, ekonomické fundamenty a finanční trhy
Pohl, Martin ; Málek, Jiří (advisor) ; Kodera, Jan (referee) ; Lukáš, Ladislav (referee)
We focus on Czech swap market in a broader context of economic and financial development and we provide extensive empirical evidence that swaps have many features of a "risk-free" asset. They are traded with sufficient liquidity and low transaction costs that make them attractive for investors. Swap curve dynamics may be decomposed into level, slope and curvature parameters known from bond markets.Level and slope parameter may be interpreted by Taylor rule like functions in terms of output gap and inflation. Level reflects mainly inflation expectations and its sensitivity to output gap is small. Slope parameter is highly sensitive to business cycle fluctuations and inflation deviation from CNB's target. Domestic monetary policy remains an important determinant of swap curve parameters with gradual market reaction. Czech swap rates are closely connected to Euro swap rates. We found level factors to be cointegrated and also slope and curvature exhibit strong sensitivity to Euro rates. Financial variables don't seem to have large impact on swap rates with the exemption of global equity markets, where we found positive correlation between level and SP500 returns. In contrast, Czech government bonds have many features historically connected to corporate bonds such as positive correlation with risky assets and business cycle fluctuations. Government bonds also showed large volatility and rising risk premia in the 2008/2009 financial crisis. Finally, we estimated forward premium and we found large and rising premium and limited support for expectation theory.
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Dynamic vehicle-road interaction
Svršek, David ; Blaťák, Ondřej (referee) ; Fojtášek, Jan (advisor)
Bachelor’s thesis, Dynamic vehicle-road interaction, deals with a summary of basic knowledge about the acting force and factors that affect interaction of vehicle with surface. The work is divided into six parts, which deals with the definition of basic concepts and characteristics of dynamics, traction vehicle, braking, maneuverability, the chassis aspects influencing the traction and anti-skid road surface properties.
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The Macroeconomic Analysis with DSGE Models
Průchová, Anna ; Zouhar, Jan (advisor) ; Formánek, Tomáš (referee)
Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models are derived from microeconomic principles and they retain the hypothesis of rational expectations under policy changes. Thus they are resistant to the Lucas critique. The DSGE model has become associated with new Keynesian thinking. The basic New Keynesian model is studied in this thesis. The three equations of this model are dynamic IS curve, Phillips-curve and monetary policy rule. Blanchard and Kahn's approach is introduced as the solution strategy for linearized model. Two methods for evaluating DSGE models are presented -- calibration and Bayesian estimation. Calibrated parametres are used to fit the model to Czech economy. The results of numeric experiments are compared with empricial data from Czech republic. DSGE model's suitability for monetary policy analysis is evaluated.
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Private Transaction Costs of Public Procurement
Dufek, Luboš ; Pavel, Jan (advisor) ; Holubářová, Jana (referee)
Subject of thesis are private transaction costs of public procurement. It's estimation of money spent by firms during public procurement tenders and seeking out factors influencing these costs. Theoretical frame of this thesis is between transaction cost economy and public procurement economy. Main result is estimation of private transaction cost of one offer in 0,44% of final contract prize. Estimation of whole private transaction costs of public procurement in Czech republic for 2011 is almost 9 milliard CZK. Important factors found out by econometric analysis and correlative coefficients are size of firm and contract value.
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Dynamic Security Policy Enforcement on Android
Vančo, Matúš ; Malinka, Kamil (referee) ; Aron, Lukáš (advisor)
This work proposes the system for dynamic enforcement of access rights on Android. Each suspicious application can be repackaged by this system, so that the access to selected private data is restricted for the outer world. The system intercepts the system calls using Aurasium framework and adds an innovative approach of tracking the information flows from the privacy-sensitive sources using tainting mechanism without need of administrator rights. There has been designed file-level and data-level taint propagation and policy enforcement based on Android binder.
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Economic research bulletin (2005, No.1)
Česká národní banka
The efficiency of macroeconomic policies depends on adequate business cycle approximation. The CNB’s approach is aimed at estimating the deviation of real GDP from its “inflation-non-accelerating” level. Such deviation – the output gap – reflects demanddriven inflationary pressures, where the Phillips curve is of primary importance. By contrast, the production function method reflects the supply-side or “capacity” view of the economy’s potential. The two approaches are subject to methodological disputes and deliver different quantitative results, thus leaving decision makers still with a considerable degree of uncertainty. That is why alternative approaches are being developed. The following articles illustrate this problem in more detail.
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