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New Methods for Increasing Efficiency and Speed of Functional Verification
Zachariášová, Marcela ; Dohnal, Jan (referee) ; Steininger, Andreas (referee) ; Kotásek, Zdeněk (advisor)
Při vývoji současných číslicových systémů, např. vestavěných systému a počítačového hardware, je nutné hledat postupy, jak zvýšit jejich spolehlivost. Jednou z možností je zvyšování efektivity a rychlosti verifikačních procesů, které se provádějí v raných fázích návrhu. V této dizertační práci se pozornost věnuje verifikačnímu přístupu s názvem funkční verifikace. Je identifikováno několik výzev a problému týkajících se efektivity a rychlosti funkční verifikace a ty jsou následně řešeny v cílech dizertační práce. První cíl se zaměřuje na redukci simulačního času v průběhu verifikace komplexních systémů. Důvodem je, že simulace inherentně paralelního hardwarového systému trvá velmi dlouho v porovnání s během v skutečném hardware. Je proto navrhnuta optimalizační technika, která umisťuje verifikovaný systém do FPGA akcelerátoru, zatím co část verifikačního prostředí stále běží v simulaci. Tímto přemístěním je možné výrazně zredukovat simulační režii. Druhý cíl se zabývá ručně připravovanými verifikačními prostředími, která představují výrazné omezení ve verifikační produktivitě. Tato režie však není nutná, protože většina verifikačních prostředí má velice podobnou strukturu, jelikož využívají komponenty standardních verifikačních metodik. Tyto komponenty se jen upravují s ohledem na verifikovaný systém. Proto druhá optimalizační technika analyzuje popis systému na vyšší úrovni abstrakce a automatizuje tvorbu verifikačních prostředí tím, že je automaticky generuje z tohoto vysoko-úrovňového popisu. Třetí cíl zkoumá, jak je možné docílit úplnost verifikace pomocí inteligentní automatizace. Úplnost verifikace se typicky měří pomocí různých metrik pokrytí a verifikace je ukončena, když je dosažena právě vysoká úroveň pokrytí. Proto je navržena třetí optimalizační technika, která řídí generování vstupů pro verifikovaný systém tak, aby tyto vstupy aktivovali současně co nejvíc bodů pokrytí a aby byla rychlost konvergence k maximálnímu pokrytí co nejvyšší. Jako hlavní optimalizační prostředek se používá genetický algoritmus, který je přizpůsoben pro funkční verifikaci a jeho parametry jsou vyladěny pro tuto doménu. Běží na pozadí verifikačního procesu, analyzuje dosažené pokrytí a na základě toho dynamicky upravuje omezující podmínky pro generátor vstupů. Tyto podmínky jsou reprezentovány pravděpodobnostmi, které určují výběr vhodných hodnot ze vstupní domény. Čtvrtý cíl diskutuje, zda je možné znovu použít vstupy z funkční verifikace pro účely regresního testování a optimalizovat je tak, aby byla rychlost testování co nejvyšší. Ve funkční verifikaci je totiž běžné, že vstupy jsou značně redundantní, jelikož jsou produkovány generátorem. Pro regresní testy ale tato redundance není potřebná a proto může být eliminována. Zároveň je ale nutné dbát na to, aby úroveň pokrytí dosáhnutá optimalizovanou sadou byla stejná, jako u té původní. Čtvrtá optimalizační technika toto reflektuje a opět používá genetický algoritmus jako optimalizační prostředek. Tentokrát ale není integrován do procesu verifikace, ale je použit až po její ukončení. Velmi rychle odstraňuje redundanci z původní sady vstupů a výsledná doba simulace je tak značně optimalizována.
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Packet Classification Algorithms
Puš, Viktor ; Lhotka,, Ladislav (referee) ; Dvořák, Václav (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá klasifikací paketů v počítačových sítích. Klasifikace paketů je klíčovou úlohou mnoha síťových zařízení, především paketových filtrů - firewallů. Práce se tedy týká oblasti počítačové bezpečnosti. Práce je zaměřena na vysokorychlostní sítě s přenosovou rychlostí 100 Gb/s a více. V těchto případech nelze použít pro klasifikaci obecné procesory, které svým výkonem zdaleka nevyhovují požadavkům na rychlost. Proto se využívají specializované technické prostředky, především obvody ASIC a FPGA. Neméně důležitý je také samotný algoritmus klasifikace. Existuje mnoho algoritmů klasifikace paketů předpokládajících hardwarovou implementaci, přesto však tyto přístupy nejsou připraveny pro velmi rychlé sítě. Dizertační práce se proto zabývá návrhem nových algoritmů klasifikace paketů se zaměřením na vysokorychlostní implementaci ve specializovaném hardware. Je navržen algoritmus, který dělí problém klasifikace na jednodušší podproblémy. Prvním krokem je operace vyhledání nejdelšího shodného prefixu, používaná také při směrování paketů v IP sítích. Tato práce předpokládá využití některého existujícího přístupu, neboť již byly prezentovány algoritmy s dostatečnou rychlostí. Následujícím krokem je mapování nalezených prefixů na číslo pravidla. V této části práce přináší vylepšení využitím na míru vytvořené hashovací funkce. Díky použití hashovací funkce lze mapování provést v konstantním čase a využít při tom pouze jednu paměť s úzkým datovým rozhraním. Rychlost tohoto algoritmu lze určit analyticky a nezávisí na počtu pravidel ani na charakteru síťového provozu. S využitím dostupných součástek lze dosáhnout propustnosti 266 milionů paketů za sekundu. Následující tři algoritmy uvedené v této práci snižují paměťové nároky prvního algoritmu, aniž by ovlivňovaly rychlost. Druhý algoritmus snižuje velikost paměti o 11 % až 96 % v závislosti na sadě pravidel. Nevýhodu nízké stability odstraňuje třetí algoritmus, který v porovnání s prvním zmenšuje paměťové nároky o 31 % až 84 %. Čtvrtý algoritmus kombinuje třetí algoritmus se starším přístupem a díky využití několika technik zmenšuje paměťové nároky o 73 % až 99 %.
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Network Architecture and Interconnection of Embedded Systems
Trchalík, Roman ; Drábek, Vladimír (referee) ; Srovnal, Vilém (referee) ; Švéda, Miroslav (advisor)
The thesis focuses on the architecture of embedded systems. It summarizes the current state of accepted standards from IEEE 1451 family, which deals with creating an environment for the sensors and their involvement in various networks. These standards describe the open, network-independent communication architecture for a sensor-based system. One of the main outcomes of this work is the architectures presented as case studies, which can be used as design patters for embedded applications. They are demonstrated on ZigBee technology suitable mainly for small devices with very low power consumption. Based on these studies the new design of universal gateway was proposed. Its major advantage is that it allows interconnection of the endpoints based on different sensor network technologies. Additionally, the thesis deals with modifying the routing protocol of ZigBee network in order to reduce power consumption required to transmit one data packet.
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Effective using of potential of bilingual environment
HOVORKOVÁ, Eva
The dissertation thesis "How to use the potential of bilingual environment efficiently" endeavors to highlight bad as well as good practices in bilingual upbringing. Bilingualism represents at present a very topical issue. In connection with increasing globalization, the issue of learning of foreign languages is more and more emphasised. People living in mixed marriages have often no idea how to bring their children up. In many cases they take steps that lead to irreversible consequences. The theoretical part of the thesis gives a survey of bilingualism, the division and kinds of bilingualism and ways of its acquisiton. The theory is practically illustrated in the empirical part through various examples. 42 case studies have been carried out, which include characteristic and uncharacteristic respondents. The findings of the research are compared with the facts mentioned in the reference works. The aim of the dissertation thesis is to find out which educational methods should parents follow in bilingual education and which methods they should better avoid.
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Faktory ovlivňující poptávku po osobních automobilech v ČR
ČURILLOVÁ, Michaela
The bachelor thesis investigates factors which influence the demand for passenger cars in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of this work is focused on basic terms and determinants which are important for the demand. Further it describes particular statistical methods, which are used for the analysis. The practical part contains the introduction to the automotive industry and the description of specific attributes of the demand for passenger cars. This part analyses factors which may have an effect on the demand for passenger cars in the Czech Republic. The main factors and the dependence are explained by applying econometric methods. Analyzing reveals these important factors: number of registrations of passenger cars, consumer prices of new and used passenger cars, consumer prices of fuel, population and income.The conclusion contains the summary of impacts on the specific demand.
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Application of Queueing Theory
VÁŇOVÁ, Eliška
The goal of this thesis was to understand Queueing Theory and use it for analysis of queueing system of hypermarket company PZV. Theoretical part is consists of basic iformations which is necessary to know for application of queueing theory. First chapter is about random variables, random event, random proces, stochastic and Poisson processes and Markov chains. Then was possible to describe queueing theory basic characteristics, parameters, analy-sis, classification and basic models. In the practical part was from the beginning analyze development of custo-mers going through cashier zone. On the base of analysis were customers divided into 4 groups. For these groups were counted characteristics and parameters, next was analyzed the system, but because data were too inaccurate, it was necessary to use different values for the groups and to count analysis for these values. The last step was to find number of cashiers to make system optimal. The result, it was 4 ca-shiers, was unfortunately not accurate. For better results it would be necessary to have more detail data.
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Project management in selected company
POKORNÝ, Radek
This work deals with project management in chosen company. It has two parts. The first part is theoretical, which is focused to theoretical treatment of the subject. It explains what is the project, management of projects, organizations of projects, processes of project management, what is target of project, communication, control, changes and risks and more. In the practical part I focused to concrete company and project management and than I analyzed concrete project. Name of the mentioned company is OHL ŽS, a.s. It is company from Spain, which acts all over the world. In the Czech Republic has the base in Brno. This company has several divisions and every of them is focused to different professional architecture. I have chosen division of structural engineering. This division builds all kinds of buildings. It could be construction of new buildings or reconstruction. To analysis of chosen project I used various business documents, contracts with investor or suppliers, document which include billing, timetable. I especially used my experience with projects of this company, and I was part of this project. Name of this project is Reconstruction of cladding including replacement windows and insulation. During the analysis of project I found a couple major gaps. If we could avoid these gaps, we could increase profit. These graphs is especially in management. At the beginning there were appointed two temporary construction managers. They doesn't care about result project, because they knew that they will not be to the end of the project. These gaps are because there is missing motivation system. Project manager can´t affect results of employees. It doesn´t depend on performance of employees, they always has the same wages. For elimination of these gaps I proposed several suggestions for improvement. The first suggestion is modification and extension of motivation system. New motivation system include personal evaluation. This evaluation depends on performance of employee. The second part is bonus from over profit. The next suggestion is make a new working position. This position would take care about controlling and project documentation. During the building project, especially at the end is construction manager very busy. It depend of decision of construction 63 manager what kind of activity will have prefer. Project documentation and administration or controlling of building works. If they are doing everything correct and technology are respect. Suggested position would take care about invoices, real work, which is done, project documentation, controlling of budget. The third suggestion is purchase of small machinery such as chipping hammers and drills. At this time they rent all devices. Rent is higher than purchase price. The last suggestion is use credit to restoration of fleet. At this time they have obsolete fleet, because the bought all cars by cash. It is not conveniently.
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Distribution management in a large company (warehouse)
MICHALOVÁ, Jana
Distribution management in a large company. This Master´s Thesis examines the company Fruko-Schulz, s. r. o. This company has been making spirits. The goal is to map out the information and material flows toward the warehouse and from the warehouse. Subsequently, to analyze the current state of the company. Based on the information propose measures for improvement. In own work is described in detail and enterprise activities in a company. After ideas are designed to change. These proposals relate to distribution to the end customer through the gastronomical exhibitions and fairs. Other proposals are aimed at end users in the Russian market. Ideas for packaging or new products are designed, but is backed that do not make sense. Company Fruko-Schulz, s. r. o. sas a long tradition and reputation. But that's not enough, the competition is great and it isalso at a high level. The idea to focus on the Russian market is very good and there is great potential.
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Remote sensing as support tool for agricultural drought assessment
Hlavinka, Petr ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Balek, Jan ; Žalud, Z. ; Tadesse, T. ; Hayes, M. ; Wardlow, B. ; Trnka, Miroslav
Very important information about vegetation condition within wide areas (through continents and states) or for local areas in resolution from hundreds to tens of meters could be obtained from satellites within remote sensing. The temporal and spatial continuity is big advantage of this method. Namely so-called vegetation indices are often used for vegetation cover condition assessment. The aim of submitted study is to present possibility of using EVI2 (Enhanced Vegetation Index) for assessment of drought impact within vegetation. The results for selected years of the period 2000-2015 achieved using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) aboard Terra satellite are included. The data in weekly time step and for the whole Czech Republic are presented.
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Role and competences of the nurse in compared with Czech Republic and Namibia
KLYNCYPAROVÁ, Hana
Theoretical grounds The nursing profession among the professions and mission. Job nurse is one of very important professions. Nurse is an independent worker who has an irreplaceable role in the provision of care. In practice, certain roles, such as the role of a caregiver, the educationalist, communicator, the role of the lawyer, consultant, person, who brings the change, manager and researcher. These roles are constantly interacting and are interconnected. Health care has multidisciplinary and multiprofessional character. Although each of these professions contribute to care in a unique way, all share certain skills that are necessary to ensure the quality of care. Over the years there have been increasing professional skills and increase competencies. Expanded the range of services for which they previously did not have the competence or sisters had a written authorization of a doctor. This work is made up of theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part provides an overview and information on the field of nursing and its history, dealing with the care system and education system in the Czech Republic and Namibia. The following list of findings roles and their importance in the nursing profession. The last part deals with the competencies of nurses in both countries. The aim of the thesis: The aim of the study was to determine the roles and responsibilities of nurses in the Czech Republic and Namibia. To to obtain this information were chosen research question what role nurses advocate in the Czech Republic and Namibia, and what are nurses in the Czech Republic and Namibia competence. Methods: To ensure the necessary data and information was chosen qualitative research through deep interviews. Nurses who were interviewed were from a hospital in the Czech Republic and nurses from hospitals in Namibia Keetmanshoop. All interviews were recorded on a Dictaphone andwritten down on the paper. Results: Recorded interviews were analyzed after writing down, we were using paper and pencil methods. Dialogs were openly coded. The analysis of these data arose following categories: the role of caregivers, the role of the teacher, communicator, the lawyer's role, the role of counselor, role of person who brings the change, the role of leader, manager's role, the role of researcher and categories of competence. Individual categories were assigned to subcategories. All informationwere are illustrated by clear diagrams of the individual categories. Conclusion: The Research shows that nurses have a general maintenance of the roles and competencies, actually both of sides, Namibia and Czech Republic also. both groups were mostly able to define roles in nursing care. Surprisingly czech nurses most failed in the role of the Advocate, while African colleague have proven to be very informed. Research also showed negative effect of paperwork and administration in czech system. Nurses having feeling they do not provide active care as they would be able to. Czech nurses seems also low initiative and ambitious, Czech nurses do not desire for increasing competence on the other hand African nurses, who have more competencies, want still more, than they already have.
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