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Health condition of of trees in natural monument Buky on Bouřňák
Wiedenová, Barbora ; Čížková, Dana (advisor) ; Vachová, Jana (referee)
In the thesis I focused on observing the occurrence of wood-decaying fungi on tree species in natural monument Buky na Bouřňáku. Two areas of 100 x 100 m were mapped, each contained hundred trees of various kind, mostly beech (Fagus sylvatica).
The introduction summarizes information about the location and describes occurring pathogenic fungi and their expanding, biotic and abiotic damage and state of beech crowns. Observation was conducted from April to November, starting with the precise inventory of trees and their marking. Each subsequent month, I observed changes on specific tree species, recorded them and photgraphed detected fungal specimens. Individual species of wood-decaying fungi are described in my thesis.
In the field, apart from fungi, I also observed the consequence of biotic factors that were evident on trunks, branches or assimilation organs. For individual species of beech, I recorded the condition of trees based on defoliation of the crown.
The most frequently occurring wood-decaying fungi in the whole natural monument was Stereum rugosum. This fungi continues to spread and causes decline of several beech trees.
Nevertheless I think the beech forest should be left to its spontaneous development, because it is a small protected area, more correctly natural monument.
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Importance of quarries for invertebrate diversity in fragmented landscapes at national level
Králíčková, Hana ; Kadlec, Tomáš (advisor) ; Štrobl, Martin (referee)
The landscape not only in the Czech Republic was changed into the large units and began to be quite impenetrable. Some types of habitat disappeared from there, which means a big problem for the species with extremely adapted life demands. They need for their life for example heated rocks, quicksand, sparse steppe grasslands and other habitats in early successional stages. Postindustrial areas provide just these conditions and therefore they become a place of their copious occurrence of the invertebrates. Some species in the Czech Republic were cannot find recently anywhere else than at these locations. Quarries provide different types of habitats for e.g. butterflies which need these conditions for their development, reproduction and life. Within the Czech Republic 20 already inactive quarries and 20 adjacent control areas without quarry were selected and there were monitored especially butterflies and nocturnal insects. The goal was to determine whether the presence of a quarry increasing diversity of invertebrates on the local scale. Monitoring was performed at each site four times and obtained data were statistically analyzed. It was found 23 endangered species from the 110 recorded species of diurnal Lepidoptera and other similarly interesting records from other groups. For example Satyrium ilicis was found in a quarry near the village Černotín which is critically endangered. Considerable variations were observed from the overall comparison of abundance and species richness at the sites containing the quarry and the localities which did not include a quarry. The surrounding countryside of quarries there were found greater number of species and higher numbers of individuals than in control areas. In quarries or their nearby areas were observed 19 endangered species which were more numerous than in control areas where there were only 11. The effects on habitat selection had the way of wintering and habitat requirements of each species. It is evident that the quarries with the termination of mining in the modern landscape can play an important role in the development of biodiversity.
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Game constructions and equipment in game preserves
Bidmon, Jiří ; Tománek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Ctibor, Ctibor (referee)
The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to classify particular types of gamekeeper buildings and equipment emphasizing the gamekeeper buildings and equipment built in the game preserves. The research part of the thesis contains the catalogue description of the particular gamekeeper buildings and equipment for game keeping and hunting in the game preserve. Simultaneously the field research of the particular game preserve breeding was realized; the research covered the locating and recording the number of the gamekeeper buildings and their equipment. The compiled field research results show that the game preserve breeding in possession of the LČR organization is suitably and well equipped. The best equipped game preserve breeding is the Obora Janovice game preserve followed by the Volský Žlab game preserve, the Slavice game preserve and Kopidlno game preserve come third both at the same level, and the least equipped is the Úherčice game preserve. The discovered information enables the preserve breeding users to create a register or inventory of the gamekeeper buildings, their equipment, including the map location. The information also provides the game preserve users with the overview on the equipment of their game preserve, especially the quantity of the particular types of gamekeeper buildings and their equipment.
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Analysis of activities of the state forest administration first-stage authority with special regard to data and forest management records
Pelc, Jiří ; Hrib, Michal (advisor) ; Oliva, Jiří (referee)
Analysis of activities of the state forest administration first-stage authority with special regard to data and forest management records in relation to the exercise of state forest administration. In theoretical part of this paper is the summary of the history of forest economic records in our country, some examples from abrouad and legislation dealing with the issue of forest management evidence. Next are added new drafts of changes or amendments to existing legislation in order to improve the current situation. The application part consists of analysis of the activities of the first instance od a state forest administration in relation to the paraghraphs pf Forest Act. Data was analysed from six forests under the state governance, which are responsible for checking the forest economic records and state forest administration. The analysis of decision-making body was made through period of five years from 2008 to 2012 included.
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Inventory of memorable trees in the Blanik Protected Landscape Area
Hejná, Šarlota ; Hejnák, Václav (advisor) ; Lubomír, Lubomír (referee)
As the name suggests, in my bachelor thesis, I was dealing with the inventory of memorable trees in the smallest Protected Landscape Area - CHKO Blaník.
Functions of trees, located in the countryside and in the urban area, are defined in the introductory section. The part following deals with the historical development of tree protection, and is divided into forest conservation and trees outside forests. Wood plants growing outside of the forests are further described in terms of their protection, permitted felling and legally compulsory replacement planting, in accordance with applicable law.
A substantial part of the thesis is dedicated to memorable trees. Firstly, the significance of memorable trees is presented and the current state is being compared with the past, further on, the record memorable trees in our country are mentioned. In accordance to legal rules, legal and contractual protection is specified, essential elements, concerning declaration of memorable trees, their registration and annulment. A tree care, also subjected to legislation, is aimed at preservative tree care, cut trees and tree ties. For each type of care, treatment methods or tools are described. In the context of protection of memorable trees, the project of rescuing the gene pool of memorable trees is also mentioned and then the memorable trees abroad are briefly described. The protected landscape, in which the revision took place, is briefly described in the context of its geological past and represented fauna and flora. Then the description of small protected areas of the region follows.
Then the revision of memorable trees was performed, including measurements of dendrometic parameters, for example determining the height of the tree, its perimeter, width and height of the crown. Futhermore, the treatment of each tree was summerized according to Central list of nature protection, and photographic documentation of each individual at the time of foliage and without foliage was taken to understand the habitus of the tree. The results are used to update the parameters in the Central list of nature protection and suggested treatments are the basis for the future care of the memorable trees. The results showed that the the most common species is Tilia cordata. Trees are generally in a good health, but a regularity of treatment is necessary.
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Inventory of woody plants in an area of 'Červený vrch' in Prague 6 and elaboration of the digital map of this selected area
Táborská, Anna ; Kunt, Miroslav (advisor) ; Prokeš, Radek (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the current condition of flora located on the housing estate Červený Vrch in the municipal district Prague 6. The inventoried area is situated in the north-eastern part of the housing estate between the streets of Evropská st. and Horoměřická st. In this territory the woody plants have been inventoried according to Machovec (1982). The individual components of the local dendroflora have been indentified and localised in a work map or, eventually, by GPS coordinates. Based on the beforementioned localization a digital map of woody plants was created using the AutoCAD software. Furthermore the values of age and height of the local woody plants were measured and the landscaping value was determined. All the beforementioned values were imported to the inventory tables, which were created using the Microsoft Excel software and are a part of the thesis results.
In the literature search there is a short summary of the history of the garden art. Furthermore there is a chapter devoted to the historical evolution of the urban flora, the urbanism of the 20th century and the creation of housing estates in Prague. The presented thesis also contains chapters devoted to the important persons of the urbanism movement, such as Ebenezer Howard and Le Corbusier, who played a major part in the emergence of flora into the cities. The Ebenezer Howard theory of the garden city is analysed in detail. The next part of the research is dedicated to the landscape creation, its values and division. The final part is devoted to the urban greenery and its division and importance.
The sole area of Vokovice in Prague, where the Červený Vrch housing estate is located, is described in detail in the Chapter named the materials and methods. In particular, the nature characterization of landscape, the history of Vokovice housing estate and the construction of a prefab housing estate from around the time of 60s and 70s are analysed. The used methods of invetorying according to Machovec (1982) and subsequently the process of invetorying are described.
The second half of this thesis consists of the inventory tables and the visual and verbal evaluation of the beforementioned tables. From the results it is evident that the largest portion of 60% of woody plants is represented by deciduous shrubs, and hence there are plenty of their growths. This is mainly caused by the large number of seeding trees present. Thereafter the most frequently present tree species and their measured characteristics are evaluated. Finally, there is a comparison of the methods of inventorying according to Machovec and the classification of woody vegetation elements by Miloš Pejchal.
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Influence of bioeffector RhizoVital on the soil phosphorus availability and P uptake by maize
Beneš, Zdeněk ; Kulhánek, Martin (advisor) ; Černý, Jindřich (referee)
Phosphorus is likely to become, in the near future, a critical element in plant nutrition. The main reasons are primarily limited resources of P for fertilizer production. Therefore, it is necessary to look for a long term solution. One option is to use P -containing waste, such as sewage sludge, digestate or ashes. Another option arises from the fact that approximately 90 % of P in soil is found in non-bioavailable forms. Therefore, mobilization of these forms could secure enough P for plat growth in the long term horizon. So-called bioeffectors are developed for this purpose; to promote the accessibility of nutrients for plants. It is evident, however, that the application of bioeffectors alone could lead to a gradual outflow of the most P from the soil. Therefore the most favourable appears application of bioeffectors in combination with various phosphatic fertilizers or wastes. Especially rock phosphates, ash and digestate contain significant amounts of non-bioavailable P-forms. That implies that the joint application of these fertilizers and bioeffectors should lead to more efficient utilization of P, and thus reduce the input of fertilizers into the soil.
The aim was to verify influence of a combination of 3 bioeffectors (effective microorganisms: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, strains FZB42 and FZB45, and the combination of FZB42 strain with Paenibacillus mucilaginosus strain JX - 1) in combination with rock phosphate, sewage sludge, torrefied sewage sludge, separated digestate, straw and wood ash on increase of aboveground biomass of maize and on the content and uptake of phosphorus and other selected nutrients.
The evaluated alternatives of fertilization regardless of applied bioeffectors suggest that the greatest effect on the yield of above-ground biomass showed sewage sludge, wood ashes, and especially straw ashes. These fertilizers significantly increased the content and uptake of S as well. In other monitored parameters it was not possible to clearly identify the tendencies.
The application of bioeffectors alone or in combination with the above mentioned materials did not bring the positive effect on the monitored parameters. On the contrary, the combination of Paenibacillus strains FZB42 mucilaginosus showed in many cases significantly negative impact.
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The Comparison of Economies of the Czech Republic and Italy
Gosman, Matěj ; Soukup, Alexandr (advisor) ; Severová, Lucie (referee)
This Bachelor thesis deals with comparison of the economies of the Czech Republic and Italy from the year 2004 to the present. The beginning of the traced period is the Czech Republic's accession to the European Union along with the associated economic growth of the country.
Economic analysis of the two respective countries is focused on and divided into two periods where the parting line between them is the global financial crisis, which first become evident at the European economic scene in 2008. Significant attention is dedicated to the formation, progress and causes of the global financial crisis with regard to resulting explanation of changes in economic development of both countries.
Analyzed elements of both economies are the main macroeconomic indicators: gross domestic product (GDP), inflation rate, rate of unemployment and balance of payments. To maintain the integrity and objectiveness of the information obtained, the Bachelor thesis describes the main factors that influenced the data. All data presented in this study comes from official statistics: Czech and Italian Statistical Offices, the European Statistical Office and the World Bank.
The result of this Bachelor thesis is a comparison of the two economies within a limited period based on assessment of various macroeconomic indicators. These data are then used to calculate the economic stability of both countries in 2007, 2009 and 2014. These specific years were chosen purposefully to present all three particular sections of the monitored period. The abovementioned calculation resulted from the application of the Magic quadrangle.
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The new LPIS evidence and its link to subsidy programmes
Koniaríková, Kateřina ; Pulkrábek, Josef (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
The Czech Republic, as well as the other EU states, has commited to the setting of the system for the evidence of the agricultural used land. In 2014, there was a new modul LPIS (Land parcel identification system) established, which is being used as the information service for farmers. They can find here the needed datas about the utilized agricultural land, but this system is also used for the data control that are being set in the application form for the subsidies from Europien funds.
In my thesis I summarised concisely the development of the Common agicultural politics including the news for the following subsidy period. In the chapters I paid the attention to the Programme for the rural development and its new setting for the period 2014-2020. But primaly, I focused on the LPIS land evidence, the reason of its setting and on the benefits to the farmers and the governemt. There is also the special chapter about the changes in LPIS evidence after 2015. My intention is to show the users the news, which they can meet during their work with the land evidence and with the application forms for the subsidies.
The aim of this thesis is to evaluace the ability of the chosen agricultural subject to orientate and to work with the new version of LPIS evidence. I established the cooperation with the State Agricultural Intervention Fund to gain the practical information about the LPIS application. I also asked for the cooperation the agricultural subject Havlíčkova Borová, zemědělská a.s., that farms in the region Havlíčkův Brod. I asked them for the access to their LPIS datas. I also tried to evaluace the fact, how the subject is able to prepare the underlays and how the subject proceeds the United application form for the agricultural subsidies.
In the end of this thesis I summarised the statistics of the applied United application forms during 2015 in the region Havlíčkův Brod. I gained these datas from OPLŽ employees. This statistics contains the datas regarding the number of the agricultural subjects that managed to prepare the application form for the agricultural subsidies by themselves and also the information, how many subjects used the services of the agricultural consultants or the services of SZIF employees, Department of the LPIS and request receiving (OPŽL). There is also information being involved in this thesis, what measures the farmers applied for in the frame of subsidies.
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Analysis of population structure in the seed orchard of wild cherry Prunus avium L.
Krejzková, Anna ; Korecký, Jiří (advisor) ; Čepl, Jaroslav (referee)
The seed orchard of Prunus avium L., Čejkovka, LS LČR Lužná, was established in 2002. Low seed production is characteristic for the orchard. First seed collection took place in 2015, summing up to 35 kilograms. Based on genetic analysis, S locus alleles and microsatellite data were detected. Furthermore, phenology of blooming and fertility of individual ramets was observed. It was detected that from the registered 59 clones, 46 clones were of different genotypes and 29 clones are diferrent in S locus. Approximately 37% ramets in the orchard are genetically identical. In 2015, a total of 45% ramets produced seeds. Based on evidence, the effective number of clones in the orchard is 31, 12 based on SSRs and 10 based on S locus. The number of seed producing clones in 2015 was 20 based on evidence, 8 based on SSRs and only 5 based on S locuses. In order to achieve higher seed production it would be appropriate to partially supplement genetically identical clones with those of different genotypes. An additional option would be utilizing the existing orchard to collect grafts to establish a new, appropriately designed, orchard.
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