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Development of mortality of women in relation to the selected risk factors of lifestyle in the Czech Republic since 1995
Řezníčková, Albína ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
Development of mortality of women in relation to the selected risk factors of lifestyle in the Czech Republic since 1995 Abstract The main objective of the thesis is to characterize development of mortality of causes of death, which may be related to lifestyle, by using methods of demographic analysis. The thesis focuses on describing the relation of lifestyle and mortality. Mortality of the population of women in economically active age in the Czech Republic from 1995 to 2012 is analyzed. This thesis defines the group of causes of death, which can be related to lifestyle risk factors, namely smoking, alkohol abuse and drug use. The development of mortality to the defined group of causes of death and its sub-causes of death is demonstrated by demographic indicators. These indicators are: standardized mortality rate, age-specific probability of death, temporary life expectancy and decomposition of the difference of temporary life expectancy at age 15-65 between 1995 and 2012 by age group and (sub)groups of causes of death. Keywords: mortality, women's lifestyle, smoking, alcohol abuse, drug use
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Do the future health professionals behave healthy? Prevalence of substance use among students at secondary medical school
Svobodová, Pavla ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vopravil, Jiří (referee)
Background Risky behavior among students nursing schools - future health professionals in direct and indirect patient care and access to addictive substances. Formulation of objectives or research questions To map the prevalence, frequency and types of drugs used by students SZŠ using the following research questions: What is the difference in the prevalence of substance use among students in direct patient care (field medical assistant) and students in indirect patient care (field of medical lyceum)? The prevalence of substance use (alcohol, soft and hard drugs) in the fields of medical students in relation to their future careers with age /year of lower/higher? Description of the methods used Data were collected at day education of students of the high school quantitative method using a questionnaire survey in Google Docs (Google Forms) with a total of 18 those questions, 15 of them were taken from the ESPAD (European School Survey Project study on alcohol and other drugs). The first three questions characterizing field of study, year of age and established author. The obtained data were processed by descriptive statistics based on an analysis of responses according to the research questions. The main results From the research shows that the field of medical assistant - ZA, which in the future...
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Needle Fixation among injecting drug users in Czech Republic
Sklenář, Ondřej ; Radimecký, Josef (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze 1. léka ská fakulta Studijní program: Specializace ve zdravotnictví Studijní obor: Adiktologie Bc. Ond ej Sklená Závislost na jehle u injek ních uživatel drog v R Needle Fixation among injecting drug users in Czech Republic Diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Josef Radimecký, Ph.D., MSc. Praha, 2014 Abstract of the thesis Background: The importance of injecting drug use and its frequency among Czech problem users of illegal drugs appears to be high. At the same time the risks associated with this method of application and the risk of transmission of infectious diseases and other health complications are described in numerous publications and it is a compelling reason why we should give more attention to the theme of needle fixation. Finally, complications during substitution therapy associated with the transition from injecting drugs to another method of substitution substances administration are also common. Author of the thesis therefore asked the question whether in relation to injecting drug use could play a role in creating a strong addiction and other facts besides therefore widely known arguments as the quickest and most effective method of administration of drugs to the human body thanks to the injection. The aim of this work is to get better understanding of "needle...
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"Toxíci": The Pioneers of the World Drug in the Real Socialism Era. Symbolic Re-construction of the Initial Drug Subculture in Communist Czechoslovakia
Černá, Lucie ; Šmídová, Olga (advisor) ; Maslowski, Nicolas (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to find answers to questions connected to the symbolic construction of collective identity of the initial drug community in communist Czechoslovakia. This discourse creation of collective identity is analyzed on the basis of biographical interviews with outliving members of the then drug subculture. In the course of the terrain investigation there has been recorded a total of 34 narratives of the representatives of the two successive generations of this drug community by using the unstructured and semi-structured interview technique. For the purposes of this research, there has been analyzed 7 interviews closely connected to the beginning and the initial process of formation of drug community. By means of analysis and interpretation of the content of these biographical materials there are primarily captured the collectively shared interpretative frames of values and important identification attributes by which protagonists of the oldest generation of this community form their former collective identity. In this way is clarified how the narrators themselves re-construct and re-interpret their subjectively experienced "we" and at the same time using the symbolic resources to define borders against the non-members of this collectivity. The biographies of the...
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The usage of addictive substances among first year students in secondary schools in Zdar nad Sazavou
Velechovská, Alena ; Nevoralová, Monika (advisor) ; Reichelová, Lenka (referee)
Starting points of work Bachelor thesis deals with the issue of substance abuse among first-year students of secondary schools in Zdar nad Sazavou. It focuses on students' experiences related to the use of legal and ilegal drugs. The formulation of objective, research questions The aim of the research was to explore the experience of legal and ilegal drugs among students of all secondary schools in Zdar nad Sazavou, to get reliable information that can support strategic planning of the city, to place an overview of the prevalence, frequency and types of drugs used to map out from whom and at what age students met with drug abuse. Description of the methods used The quantitative data collection method using a questionnaire was used for students of all secondary schools, one class from each school was chosen by lotery. A non-standard questionnaire containing 27 questions was used, which was divided into several categories (usage of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, other ilegal drugs and information about the social context were used). The questions in the questionnaire were inspired by ESPAD questionnaire. The main results Smoking tobacco were introduced to 64 % of respondents. The most common age is 14-16 years, the frequency of use is 1 - 5 cigarettes per week and they were given the first cigarette...
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Consumption rooms for drug users - Needs analysis
Janouškovec, Vojtěch ; Janíková, Barbara (advisor) ; Vavrinčíková, Lenka (referee)
Consumption rooms for drug users are implemented as a tool of tertiary prevention by a number of European countries. These services are based on harm reduction philosophy. The objectives of these programs include minimizing health risks, overdose prevention, motivating users to change their lifestyle. Consumption room has also effect in reduction of negative effects associated with open drug scenes such as the drug consumption in public places. The thesis is about a need analysis of a theoretical application of a consumption room in the capital city Prague. After a theoretical introduction, which introduces the background of the project, the project objectives and examples of foreign practice presented in a literature, are presented the results of qualitative research. The aim of the research, conducted by the technique of semi-structured interview, is to answer the basic questions of needs and expectations of potential users, experts in the treatment and prevention of addiction and other persons who may be considered as involved from the perspective of discussion about consumption. Based on the indicators of the need for drug consumption rooms and based on respondents answers, installation of this low-threshold program appears to be as appropriate in capital city Prague. Respondents of the research...
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Public opinion towards drug compsumption rooms among Prague's inhabitans
Součková, Gabriela ; Janíková, Barbara (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of establishment of the supervised injecting center for the drug users in the Czech Republic. Target of thesis is monitor public opinion on drug consumption rooms among inhabitants of the capital city Prague. The theoretical part deals with the explanation of terms related to tertiary prevention of addictive behavior, especially the priciples of the Public Health and the Harm Reduction. The theoretical part also includes information about practice of existing grug consumption rooms in the Word and Czech Republic possibilities to the establishment of the supervised injecting center. The research probe detects with questionnaire method the opinion on the drug consumption rooms in the sample of Prague residents. The investigation was partially complemented by an analysis of online discussions of Internet information articles from the year 2013 of the subjekt the establishment of drug consumption room in Prague. The results show that more than half of survey respondents agree with the introduction of drug consumption room in the capital city Prague. The results are significant diferences in the qualitative responses reasons of agreement or disagreement with the establishment of services between respondent of questionaire and debaters of online discussions. Most of...
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