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Diversion headwork on Smolinka river
Juriga, Jan ; Brázda, Daniel (referee) ; Zachoval, Zbyněk (advisor)
Within the preparation of the dam Vlachovice, it is planned to construct a diversion work on the Smolinka river to ensure the transfer of water from the Smolinka basin to the Vlachovice reservoir. The diversion work is designed by AQUATIS a.s. and is equipped with a sluice gate and a spillway with a crest intake. This thesis deals with the determination of recommendations for the implementation of modifications to the design of the diversion work. Recommendations resulting from the work should lead to reliable functionality of the object both from the point of view of water intake and from the point of view of continuous transport of sediments through the Smolinka river. A two-dimensional numerical model simulating sediment transport and three-dimensional numerical model simulating water flow are used in the thesis to determine recommendations for design modifications. The documents necessary for the creation of the work were provided by company AQUATIS a.s. with the permission of Povodí Moravy, s.p
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Hydrodynamic separation water flow sediment
Sajner, Pavel ; Neterda, Zdeněk (referee) ; Němec, Zdeněk (advisor)
The dissertation deals with clogging of reservoirs and ponds by redundant sediments which penetrate water system by erosion. It describes methods of extracting pond sediments. It contains measurement of dewatering of sediments on hydrocyclone and design of laboratory hydrocyclone and filter unit. In the conclusion there is design of technology of dewatering sediments which were extracted by wet method by drainage excavator. Numerical simulation of flowing in hydrocyclones is simulated in the CFX programme and dewatering technology is simulated in the CHEMCAD programme.
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Content of iron and quality of organic matter as a factor affecting stabilization of carbon and nutrients in fresh water ecosystems.
Osafo, Nana O. A. ; Jan, Jiří ; Porcal, Petr ; Borovec, Jakub
The effect of watershed geochemistry, in terms of soil pH, Fe concentration and organic matter quality, on the stability of organic carbon and nutrients level in freshwater sediments of shallow lakes was studied. Twelve fishponds were divided into two groups based on the typical soil pH: i) watershed with acidic soils (pH 5.1 – 6.3) rich in Fe called H_Fe and ii) watershed with neutral pH soils (pH 6.8 – 7.6) poor in Fe called L_Fe. The parameters of the water column, pore water and sediment chemical extractions were compared. A higher concentration of hydrated Fe oxides, together with the aromatic character of organic substances were shown to highly contribute to the overall stabilization of the sediment. Conversely, low Fe concentrations were accompanied by lower mineralization of sediments and a higher risk for the aquatic ecosystem in terms of nutrient release or the development of anoxic conditions.
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Možnosti zachycení a recyklace živin při vypouštění rybníků
DOFEK, Jan
This diploma thesis tries to verify the possibilities of effective retention of sediments and nutrients from the run-off water during harvesting of ponds. Retention was tested using a system of two barriers made of organic material looking to temporarily count down water in the drains and extend the water residence time to sediment the particles. Monitoring of water quality was demonstrated on eight ponds in the South Bohemian Region, which manages fisheries company the Blatenská ryba, s.r.o. The following parameters were monitored: Undissolved substances 105; 550, total and dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen, total carbon, total organic carbon, BOD5, CODCr, calcium, magnesium, potassium, large iron and dissolved. Water samles were processed in the laboratories of the state enterprise Povodí Vltavy in České Budějovice. Evaluation of results based on the evaluation of nutrient content in water and sediment samples on the profile under the dam (profile A) and under the other barrier (profile B). The flow of water over two hundred barriers increased the water quality. There was a statistical decrease earlier in all monitored parameters. The difference between the values of the values on profile A under the pond and under the other barrier (profile B) was not confirmed only in Fedissolve and at Pdissolve., at any time to increase their concentration. During the discharge of water from the pond and during the actual fishing of water to increase all monitored parameters. The highest values of concentrations were found at the end of BOD5, US105, US550, Fe and Fedissolve. The highest values during fishing are caused by the active movement of fish, people in catch basin.and with the crawling of fish, the pulling of the net, the lifting of the roofs of the net and the core. By flowing through the barriers, the concentration in the effluent water was reduced by up to 50%. Retention of up to 90% was possible for individual parameters (TP). According to these experiences, the efforts of operators should be to capture nutrients, especially from the start of fishing to the start of discharge and stopping the outflow of water, when it is possible to significantly eliminate their leakage into the basin. On average, 9,834 kg.ha-1 of sediment (in the raw state) was published. In this amount of sediment, 1015.89 kg of total nitrogen (22.3 kg.ha-1), 206.04 kg of total phosphorus (4.47 kg.ha-1), 294.11 kg of potassium (6.56 kg.ha-1), 1,097.92 kg calcium (23.58 kg.ha-1) and 10,108.63 kg received (220.69 kg.ha-1). The perceived sediment contained an average of 4.47 kg.ha-1 phosphorus. Dissolved phosphorus is a key parameter in the problem of eutrophication. The results of the water do not show that the catch of the pond is not such a serious problem in terms of dissolved phosphorus. During catches, the bound form of phosphorus predominated, with a share of 99%. The results, according to the objectives, can be used to capture the technology of sedimentation and nutrients in the run-off water when fishing ponds. Barriers made of organic material are able to retain and sediment nutrients from running water from ponds. This makes it possible to improve the quality of water discharge when fishing for ponds.
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Monitoring of water quality in protected landscape area streams - Křivoklátsko
Kesnerová, Lucie ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Riesová, Martina (referee)
This thesis deals with monitoring of surface water quality in CHKO Křivoklátsko. The main purpose of monitoring is to obtain information about a state of flow and development during the previous period and to determine the pollution stage according to relevant standards. The theoretical part describes the basic information about the locality where they come from water samples and basic characteristics of sets of parameters. This section also includes theoretical assesment of sediment. The experimental part shows the practical determinates of each parameter, with the calculation of the quantities present and physical indicators. This section is followed by evaluation of measurement results, which are arranged in tables, including readings of all required parameters. The paper concludes an assessment of the monitoring of quality and compare the current state compared with the previous reporting period at each sampling point. Key words: chemical composition of water, water quality, sediments
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Hydrological and suspended load regime of the Odlezelské Lake
Hulec, Filip ; Šobr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kliment, Zdeněk (referee)
The Odlezelské Lake is a natural, landslide-dammed lake in western Bohemia. Its lake basin is silting intensely and its volume decreases; it will be completely silted in the future. This work aims to evaluate the siltation of the lake primarily by evaluating the suspended load regime of its tributaries and comparison with data from bathymetric measurements. Within this work, data from the station network of the Department of Physical Geography of the Faculty of Science of the Charles University were used, which was statistically processed in order to describe the hydrological and suspended load regime. In addition, flow speeds in the inflow part of the lake were measured during two precipitation-runoff events using ADCP. The results show that most of the suspended load is transported during flood episodes, in contrast to the runoff, there is a significant interannual variability in the suspended load regime. Oppositely, the comparison of the suspended load regime and the bathymetric data proved as impossible due to a high sensitivity of the data.
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Numerical Model of Water Flow in the Upper Reservoir Nové Mlýny
Winkler, Stanislav ; Zachoval, Zbyněk (referee) ; Marton, Daniel (advisor)
Diploma thesis is focused on understanding problematic of sedimentation in reservoirs with relation on flood episodes. For creating numerical model was necessary to ensure data about morphology of the river, granular composition of the riverbed and hydrology data. In thesis is written how were obtained these documentations, description of creating numerical model in program HEC – RAS 5.0.7. and results of done simulations of real flood episodes, which took place in years 2004, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2013. Output is evaluation each flood episode, description of grain class curves and evaluation of yearly flow before change of riverbed due to transport of sediments and after change of morphology of riverbed.
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Determination of active zone of bed load sediment trap
Sodomka, Václav ; Pařílková, Jana (referee) ; Zachoval, Zbyněk (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with determination of the active zone of bed load sediment trap in the water reservoir of Nové Heřminovy. A ready-made physical model of the sediment space was used and more accurate measurements of behaviour of the proposed object were performed. Ultrasonic speed field measurement was used for determination of the active zone of the sediment space. The Surface-water Modeling System programme was applied for evaluation. This information can be used for further assessment of bed load sediment trap. The results show that transported bottom sediment is trapped in the space determined for this purpose and there are no unforeseen phenomena. The model behaves within the limits of the initial assumptions. That means it is correctly designed and it will be more likely to serve its purpose.
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Relation Between River Flows and Suspended Sediments in the Selected Hydrometric Profile of the Thaya River Basin
Bobková, Dominika ; Menšík, Pavel (referee) ; Marton, Daniel (advisor)
The issue of the sediments of their transport and subsequent storage in water basins is an important topic which is perceived very seriously by the water management expert public. Therefore, work in this area is very desirable. The aim of bachelor‘s work is to find and estimate possible dependencies between average daily discharge and average daily values of non dissolved substances carried in suspension. The dependencies will serve as a partial basis for addressing the ATCZ28 SEDECO Sediments project, ecosystem services and interrelation with floods and droughts in the AT-CZ Border region. The data are analysed in different periods of time. The result of the analysis is the trend line regulations and the degree of dependence between flows and concentrations, which is expressed by means of a coefficient of determination. The practical application is performed on data measured in the Trávní Dvůr profile on the Dyje river for the years 1996 and 1997.
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