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Prototyp detektoru reaktorových antineutrin
Fajt, Lukáš ; Štekl, Ivan (advisor) ; Dragoun, Otokar (referee)
Title: Prototype of detector for detection of reactor's antineutrinos Author: Lukáš Fajt Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor: Doc. Ing. Ivan Štekl, CSc., IEAP, CTU in Prague Abstract: This master thesis is related to the development of the complex detector of reac- tor's antineutrinos, so called S3 , which is based on the polystyrene scintillation detectors. The detector S3 (dimensions 40 x 40 x 40 cm3 ) will be located in the close vicinity of a nuclear reactor (5-12 m) and its purpose will be to measure reactor's power, isotopic composition of the nuclear fuel and moreover verification of the sterile neutrino hypothesis by detecting reactor's antineutrinos via the Inverse Beta Decay (IBD) interaction. Within the thesis, the first prototype of the antineutrino detector was constructed. It is composed of 18 scintillation plates (40 x 20 x 1 cm3 ) and corresponding electronics. With this prototype the first test with cosmic muons were performed. Within the thesis, the energy reso- lution of the scintillation plates was significantly improved by the optimization of their chemical composition and selection of the optimal refractive material. The proper energy resolution is very important for the detector functionality. In addition, a new methods for the production of coating layer...
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Accelerator Driven Nuclear Power Plants
Jarchovský, Petr ; Krása,, Antonín (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with utilization of spent nuclear fuel in nuclear power plants of new generation – accelerator driven nuclear power plants and of conversion of this fuel into electrical energy. In the introduction are listed basic physical and theoretical knowledge of nuclear reactors along with their basic division and global distribution. As another point accelerator driven systems are described with their brief development and the basic concept and usage on both the nuclear power plants and transmutation technologies. Some global projects are mentioned here dealing with this system and conduct research. More into detail is point about European projects MYRRHA and ESS, because there are important research facilities worldwide. The next are projects with liquid target as a very promising medium. The last part deals with the calculation of basic parameters of ADS in the MCNPX and its applying.
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Graphical processing of VVER 1000 simulation results
Kiš Bandi, Peter ; Novotný, Filip (referee) ; Vojáčková, Jitka (advisor)
This bachelor thesis describes core design of nuclear reactor VVER 1000 and deals with processing of results calculated by neutronics code PARCS in SNAP application suite. Nowadays, while designing or modifying nuclear reactor, it is very important to verify behavior of newly designed or modified parts in anticipation. For this purpose there are various computing programmes designed especially for these computations. However, to work with them is necessary to be familiar with the construction of the reactor core, because it is important to understand the results of the calculations. These can be shown either in form of text files or or processed into form of graphs and animations using various applications, in this case in SNAP application suite.
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Materials for IV. generation power plants
Hovorka, Martin ; Svoboda, Pavel (referee) ; Šnajdárek, Ladislav (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to describe material needs of chosen Generation IV nuclear reactors – VHTR, SCWR, and MSR with the emphasis on the VHTR. It describes the main principle and a constructional arrangement of VHTR components with its material demands. SCWR and MSR reactors are described in terms of its material requirements. The middle part of this thesis is dedicated to the available material candidate analysis. Main material properties are discussed and at the end of this part the suitability of chosen materials for a flange joint in VHTR heat exchanger is assessed. The last chapter (the practical part) is focused on an experimental proposal of changeability of older materials by the new ones using the electron beam welding method.
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Inspection authorities of nuclear safety in the world and their purpose
Dvořák, Aleš ; Nerud, Pavel (referee) ; Šen, Hugo (advisor)
This thesis deals with issues of nuclear safety. The first section provides an overview of international organizations and associations, which control via their activities all regulations concerning nuclear safety, the technical state of equipments and systems in nuclear power plants. The second part deals with technical description of important equipment and systems of the nuclear powerplants at chosen nuclear reactors of II. and III. generation. The last part explains the conception of nuclear safety deeply. The reader can gain a deep overview of the different levels of protection and attention is also paid to the methods that contribute to the evaluation of nuclear safety.
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Use of combination of bacteria and algae for wastewater treatment
Hlavsová, Barbora ; Stříteský, Lubomír (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to introduce the reader to the ever improving methods of biological wastewater treatment with the use of bacteria, algae and combination of both. Further it elaborates on the promising ways of utilizing biomass gained from these treatments in various sectors, such as energetics, chemistry, pharmacy and agriculture. The second part of the thesis offers a techno-economic study of wastewater treatment using combination of bacteria and algae in a specifically assigned area.
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