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Vztah hustoty porostu vybraných plodin a aktuálního zaplevelení
Daňková, Šárka
This work deals with the evaluation of the influence of weed intensity on stand density. Weed infestation was observed in Triticum aestivum and Brassica oleacea. The difference between autumn and spring composition of plant species was observed. Thlaspi arvense, Capsela bursa pastoris, and Galium aparine were the most common in the autumn measurement of Triticum aestivum. In spring Lamium purpureum predominated. In the autumn period, Brassica oleacea species were mostly Thlaspi arvense, Capsela bursa pastoris and Tripleospermum inodorum. In the spring, Capsela bursa pastoris, Veronica hederifolia and Viola arvensis. According to the statistical evaluation, the results are highly statistically significant; in the less dense stands of the wheat species Convolvulus Arvensis, Avena Fatua, Aegopodium Podagaria were found. In the less dense rape, Viola Arvensis and Capsela Bursa Pastoris were found.
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Analýza druhového složení vegetace ve vinicích vybraných vinařských obcí
Černý, Martin
Diploma thesis of theme: Analysis of Species Composition of Vegetation in Vineyards of Selected Wine-Growing Villages deals with the evaluation of weed species composition in wine-growing villages Hlohovec, Moravský Žižkov, Sudoměřice and Horní Dunajovice. Observations were made in July 2018 and the composition of weed species was evaluated by using the phytocoenological surveys. Recorded data were statistically processed by DCA analysis, followed by RDA analysis and their output was ordination diagrams. 172 species were observed in all vineyards. In the vineyards of the wine-growing village Hlohovec were mainly species: Chenopodium hybridum, Artemisia absinthium, Consolida regalis. In the vineyards of the wine-growing village of Moravský Žižkov were mainly species: Plantago major, Festuca rubra, Carduus acanthoides, There were species in the vineyards of the wine-growing village of Sudoměřice: Festuca pratensis, Daucus carota, Picris hieracioides. In the vineyards of the village of Horní Dunajovice were mainly species: Trifolium repens, Hieracium pilosella, Cirsium arvense.
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Analýza zaplevelení porostů polních plodin a meziplodin ve vybraném zemědělském podniku
Hasa, Václav
This thesis is focused on analysis of weed species in selected crops and covercrops in selected agricultural company. In field conditions were analysed species and numbers of weeds in winter wheat and cover crop formed by Sinapis alba and Phacelia tanacetifolia. Data were statistically processed on the basis of Lengths of Gradient analyzed with Detrended Correspondence Analysis. Following redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed in Canoco 5.0. Absolute values of weed species were in winter wheat. The most common weed species in winter wheat were Papaver rhoeas, the Thlaspi arvense, Descurainia sophia and Galium aparine. Capsella bursa-pastoris was the main weed in the cover crop. Similar frequency in winter wheat as well as in cover crop had Atriplex patula, Stellaria media or Tripleospermum inodorum. Reductive function had cover crop on Veronica persica and Viola arvensis.
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Variabilita plevelové vegetace a zaplevelení pozemků s ozimou pšenicí a bramborami v regionu jihozápadní Moravy
Stuchlíková, Irena
In my diploma thesis I focused on the diversity of weed species and the infestation in winter wheat and potatoes. The observations were carried out on the grounds of a family farm in Southwest Moravia. In the first part of the thesis I focused mainly on the history of farming systems, the aspects of crop rotation in crop rotation and the demands of the crops to be included in the sowing process. At the end of this section, I looked at spreading weed seeds, dormancy, and seed supplies in the soil. During the field research, I focused on weed species recording and counting of individuals. The most significant difference in weed species composition was found for seasonality, weed species spectra recorded in May differ significantly from species spectra recorded in August. The influence of the crop and crop rotation had much lower effect as well as differences among years or among grounds.
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Problem of Philosophy in Arabic Medieval Thinking
Šenk Kopecká, Pavlína ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Semrádová, Ilona (referee) ; Kalábová, Helena (referee)
Medieval philosophy in the Arabic world has sought to harmonize the Greek philosophic tradition with the Islamic religion. Many rulers, scholars and theologians were against this intellectual approach and defend the Islam from the philosophers. The position of philosophy and its followers in the Arabic realm was therefore uneasy. Many scholars had to hide their opinions between the lines and avoid to doing philosophy publicly. Alongside the unfriendly environment, the position of philosophy in the Arabic society was also determined by common notion of scholars, that the revealing of the philosophical thoughts can be harmful for uneducated citizen, as well as influenced by mysticism. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the main philosophical approaches responding to the problematic position of philosophy in the Arabic world. Crucial will be the philosophy of solitary by Ibn Bajja, where the author seeks to bond tight the philosopher's life with the city and thus present a new role of philosopher in the Arabic society. Keywords Ibn Bajja, Rule of the Solitary, Al-Farabi, Political Regime, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Plato, The Republic, political philosophy, mysticism, ethics, philosopher, virtue, city, weeds, knowledge, governance, happiness
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Diverzita plevelů v podmínkách odlišného střídání plodin
Daníčková, Lucie
The aim of this study was to evaluate the species composition of weeds in the crop. Spring barely has been grown in the monoculture and also within the Norfolk crop rotation. The ground was utilized in two ways. The first way was classical (traditional) technology with using of deep plowing, the second way was minimization of technologies. Observation of the field trial was done in 2014 and 2015 and the results of this experiment were evaluated in the period between 5.5.2014 and 2.5.2015 prior to application of herbicides. Numerical method has been used there, the number of weeds was detected per 1 m2 for each variant tillage and crop rotation in 25 repetitions. Results of the evaluation of weed crops of spring barley were first processed by using DCA analysis. The result is a length of the gradient (Lengths of gradient). In our case it was 5.058. For further processing was chosen canonical correspondence analysis CCA. Analysis CCA defines the spatial arrangement of individual weed species and studied factors of cultivation practices (crop rotation, tillage) based on data about the frequency of occurrence of weed species. This is later graphically expressed by the ordination diagram. At the study area were recorded overall 31 weed species. The greatest abundance was found on land, where minimizing tillage technology was used. Diversity in traditional tillage was comparable with diversity in the minimization tillage and it was therefore impossible to establish whether the tillage effects on species diversity of weeds. In monoculture we found 13 weed species all together, while on the ground were we use Norfolk crop rotation, there were a total of 17 species. It is therefore possible to conclude that the practical use of crop rotation has a positive impact on the diversity of weeds. Crop rotation was probably more suitable for those species: Arctium tomentosum, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Erodium cicutarium, Euphorbia helioscopia, Chenopodium album, Chenoodium ficifolium, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium quinoa, Malva Neglecta, Polygonum aviculare, Sonchus oleraceus, Thlapsi arvense, Trifolium alexandrinum, Tripleurospermum inodorum and Viola arvensis. I recommend to continue the field trial in order to evaluate the long-term ties weeds on crop rotations and tillage.
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Analysis of biological features of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Med.
Schneebergerová, Tereza ; Hamouz, Pavel (advisor) ; Holec, Josef (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to determinate selected biological characteristics of shepherd´s-purse, which have impact on the establishment and expansion of its populations in field crops. In particular, development of primary dormancy was studied and the effect of factors that influence the dormancy and germination of seeds was determined.
Shepard´s purse is an annual or biennial herb of the cabbage family, which is classified as winter annual weeds. Primarily infest the winter and spring crops, rapeseeds, potatoes or forages. It appears from lowland to foothills, so biological features of individual population can be very different. The ways of control are shallow tillage or herbicidal treatment.
After harvesting of ripe seed the first experiment was set to define the primary dormancy. Remaining seeds were stored in two different types of environment. Part of seeds was stored in the dry at 20 °C. Others seeds were stratified at 5 °C. Effect of storage conditions on primary dormancy was tested every two weeks. Seeds were germinated for
1 week in grow chamber under the influence of various factors such as different light mode, type of water and type of media for germination.
The results were processed by multiple-factor analysis of variance. Fresh seeds showed a strong primary dormancy at constant temperatures of 10 °C and 20 °C. Treatment with fluctuating temperature (20/10 °C), filter paper, drinking water and stored in dark had the highest germination rate (10.75 %). Seeds stratified at 5 °C had increase in germination in first weeks, but lost it during storage. On the other hand, seeds stored in dry at 20 °C firstly were in dormancy, but they lost it gradually during storage.
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Chemical weed management in potatoes
Smolík, Ondřej ; Hamouz, Pavel (advisor) ; Holec, Josef (referee)
Presented thesis is focused on the topic of regulation of weeds in potatoes. The advantages and disadvantages of chemical control of weeds are investigated, including the comparison of the results obtained in both herbicidal and mechanical treatments. The core of this thesis is to find out what kind of influence has weeds on potato yield and how is the weed infestation affected be herbicides. The research was undertaken by a field experiment with eight treatments. The first one brought a field completely without any interventions. On the second field a mix of Sencor Liquid (PRE), Command 36 CS (PRE) and Roundup Klasik (PRE) was used. The third treatment was sprayed by Sencor Liquid (PRE), Command 36 CS (PRE) and Pantera QT (POST). The fourth one was treated by both Sencor Liquid (POST) and Titus 25 WG (POST). The fifth treatment obtained only mechanical interventions (machine hoeing). On the sixth one Sencor Liquid (PRE), Command 36 CS (PRE) and Roundup KLASIK (PRE) were applied in combination with the mechanical treatmant. The seventh treatment used Sencor Liquid (PRE), Command 36 CS (PRE) and Pantera QT (POST), again combined with the mechanical treatment. On the last of the experimental fields Sencor Liquid (POST), Titus 25 WG (POST) and a mechanical treatment. Treatments 2-8 were compared to the first one. In this comparison it turned out that the herbicides help on a great scale with the regulation of the weed. By the treatments 2, 3, 6 and 7 the potato yield was three time higher compared to untreated control. Treatments 4 and 8 showed that the application of some post-emergent herbicides can (due to their phytotoxicity) decrease the yield to the level of the untreated plots.
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Zhodnocení výskytu polních plevelů ve vybraných plodinách
Daňhel, Vladimír
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate weed infestation of chosen crops, to compare weed infestation among each crop and evaluate used regulation interventions, eventually to suggest another solution. Evaluation was made in winter oilseed rape, winter wheat and in spring barley. In the winter oilseed rape were found Viola arvensis, Triticum aestivum, Thlaspi arvense, Chenopodium album, Geranium pusillum, Fallopia convolvulus, Stellaria media, Lamium purpureum, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Veronica persica, Tripleurospermum inodorum and Cirsium arvense. In winter wheat were Viola arvensis, Veronica persica, Brassica napus ssp. napus, Lamium purpurem, Galium aparine, Geranium pusillum, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Thlaspi arvense, Chenopodium album, Stellaria media, Matricaria recutita and Cirsium arvense. In spring barley were Viola arvensis, Raphanus raphanistrum, Lamium purpureum, Veronica persica, Thlaspi arvense, Fallopia convolvulus, Polygonum aviculare, Galeopsis tetrahit, Chenopodium album, Galium aparine, Geranium pusillum, and Matricaria recutita. Weed infestation was processed by canonical correspondent analysis (CCA). Finally it was suggested to use different methods for weed regulation.
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