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Analysis of substances potentially dangerous to humans found in lipsticks
Horáková, Kristýna ; Kučerová, Simona (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the determination of the content of risk elements and parabens in lipsticks and the assessment of possible negative effects on human health associated with the use of lipsticks. Parabens were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Aluminum, cadmium and lead were analyzed on an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The mercury content was determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer with an UV detector (AAS-UV). A total of 36 lipstick samples from 22 cosmetic brands were selected for analysis, with a savings price in the range of CZK 50–1500. Based on the measured metal concentrations, the hazard quotients (HQ) for individual metals as well as the total hazard index (HI) for the sum of all metals were calculated. Metal concentrations in lipsticks were further processed using Kruskall-Wallis Anova to divide samples according to price categories. The relationship between the content of individual metals and the purchase price has not been proven. Furthermore, a Kolmogór-Smirnov test was performed on these data to compare groups with vegan and not vegan composition. The content of aluminum, which was about 2.5 times lower in vegan cosmetics, proved to be statistically significant for this distribution. Parabens were detected in the minimum number of lipsticks examined, but in some cases information on the content of parabens was missing on the product packaging.
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Sorption of metal ions mixture on natural lignite
Doskočil, Leoš ; Taraba, Boleslav (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
Sorption of quaternary metal ions (Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+) was carried out on lignite from the South Moravia. Following experiments were tested: kinetic sorption, dependence of sorption on pH, initial concentration, temperature, effect of electrolytes (KNO3 and NaCl) and desorption in deionized water. Sorption studies was carried out in quaternary mixtures and in the case of inicial concentration effect additional in a single-component solution. The batch sorption experiments was used. Sorption time was 24 hour, although concentration of ions was a near equilibrium after two hour. As the optimal pH was determined pH 5. The order of affinity by lignite was obtained Pb >> Cd > Zn > Cu for the sorption of metals in the single-component solution and the order was Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd for the sorption of mixture of metals. The maximum adsorptium capacities from single solutions were for Pb 97,82 mg/g, Cd 60,34 mg/g, Zn 49,88 mg/g and Cu 30,28 mg/g and in the case of ones from mixture solutions were for Pb 39,03 mg/g, Cu 25,94 mg/g, Zn 15,21 mg/g and Cd 5,18 mg/g. Experimental data have been analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich model. Thermodynamic values H°, S° and G° were calculated. Desorption test showed that desorption efficiency is 0–3 %. NaCl had the greatest influence on sorption from electrolytes. On the basis obtained results we can say that metals are binding to lignite in particular due to chemical interactions. Lignite is s suitable as a sorption material for metal ions especially in the field of low concentrations.
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Inorganic analysis of microwave pyrolysis products from sewage sludge
Šintajová, Kristína ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of risk elements found in the sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants and the issue of contamination caused by sludge deposition in soils. Extractions of sewage sludge samples before and after pyrolysis treatment were implemented according to the sequential extraction of BCR and also using aqueous leaching. The determination of the selected element was performed on an atomic absorption spectrometer. A literature research on the use of modified sewage sludge after pyrolysis to increase fertility, improve soil properties and improve their quality was also processed.
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Monitoring Environmental Costs in KOVOHUTĚ PŘÍBRAM nástupnická, a.s.
Kvapilová, Jana ; Ing.Vladimír Plůcha (referee) ; Kocmanová, Alena (advisor)
Environmental managerial accounting is one of voluntary tools of environmental policy. It helps company to recognize its influence on environment and it is a base for environmental management decision-making, which brings environmental and economical results. EMA consists from two parts. The first is input/output balance of materials and energies and the second is a statement of environmental costs and revenues. Environmental accounting evaluates financial and physical information. Statements show in which domain there is the biggest influence on environment. Target of this work has been to implement this accounting in the company Kovohutě Příbram nástupnická, a.s. It is a long process, which needs cooperation of many employees of company. In the process of identification of environmental costs there were defined facilities, which protect or injure environment. Costs with influence on environment were described as environmental costs. On the base of environmental statements company is able to make decisions, which will lead to cleaner production
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Application of voltammetry for simultaneous determination of selected microelements
Bruštík, David ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
This bachelor thesis concentrates on the optimization of conditions for voltammetric determination of selected microelements, specifically zinc, copper, cadmium and lead. The theoretical part describes the individual properties of selected elements and their toxicity, occurrence and important figures of concentration. The practicable methods suitable for the determination of these microelements are summarized and the voltammetric analysis is described in depth. The experimental section deals with the optimization of dissolution voltammetry conditions, the description of the method used and the analysis of selected real samples.
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Heavy metals contamination of selected Brno city localities
Debnárová, Andrea ; Adamec, Vladimír (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals in urban area of Brno. Samples were collected in three periods from October 2009 to March 2010, to represent different seasons and their impact on the concentration of heavy metals in examined soil. Ten locations was chosen, each with different level of concentration, starting with busy traffic area where the concentration of means was high continuing to areas located around habitation or parks. As result four elements were determined in every sample: Cu, Cd, Hg and Pb. Presence of copper and lead were detected by flame atomic absortion spectroscopy (F-AAS) and, cadmium by the help of electrothermal atomic absortion spectroscopy (ET-AAS). For the determination of mercury was used advanced mercury analyzer (AMA).
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Monitoring the effect of lead pipes on drinking water quality for consumers
Vostrčilová, Markéta ; Talašová, Lucie (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The thesis is divided into several parts. At first, there are written information from the laws and decrees concerning the lead pipeline, drinking water, observance of lead concentrations in drinking water, etc. Then the water connection, the ownership relations to the connection and the materials used for the water connection are defined. The next chapter deals with lead, lead pipeline, lead in drinking water and the legislative requirements for lead content in drinking water. Other part is about the health risks of lead in drinking water. These theoretical parts follow the practical part, which focuses on drinking water quality testing, which was in contact with the lead pipeline. This section describes drinking water sampling principles for determining the concentration of lead, the locations where the samples were taken, the methods used to determine the concentration, the description, the results and the evaluation of the information. The last chapter shows the methods and materials that remove lead from water.
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Assessment of soils and sediments contamination by heavy metals in the region Jihlava river
Marek, Milan ; Adamec, Vladimír (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with a potential contamination of hazardous metals of soil and sediments. The metals cadmium, copper, lead and mercury were chosen, their specification, limited concentration and methods of determination are also described in thesis. City Jihlava and its surroundings were chosen for evaluating pollution of the soil and sediments in this area. In collected samples of the soil and sediments presence of copper, cadmium, lead and mercury were detected via atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS, ET-AAS, AMA 254). The metal pollution of soils and sediments by hazardous elements in Jihlava River and in Jihlava region was evaluated.
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Bioavailability of metals species in water ecosystem
Tandler, Ágnes ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Koncentrace volných kovových iontů je často jen malou částí celkové koncentrace kovu v prostředí. Přes tento malý obsah, je ve většině případů koncentrace volných kovových iontů klíčovým faktorem při určování biodostupnosti a toxicity pro organizmus. Membránová technika Donnan se používá k měření koncentrace volných kovových iontů a v této diplomové práci je ověřena pro směsi kovů (Pb + Cu) při absenci a přítomnosti malých organických ligandů. Olovo a měď jsou environmentálně důležité kovy díky své toxicitě a rozdílným vazebným vlastnostem ve vztahu ke studovaným ligandům.
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Determination of heavy metals in waste energetic materials with using sequential extraction
Kořínková, Alena ; Sommer, Lumír (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
Tato diplomová práce pojednává o stanovení vybraných kovů v energetických odpadech, jako je úletový popílek, škvára, struska, ložový popel, produkt odsíření apod., které pocházejí ze čtyř moravských tepláren. Extrakce kovů z energetických materiálů byla provedena Tessierovou extrakcí. Za tímto účelem byla použita extrakční činidla chlorid hořečnatý (MgCl2), octan sodný (CH3COONa), hydroxylamin hydrochlorid v kyselině octové (NH2OH.HCl v CH3COOH), peroxid vodíku v kyselině dusičné (H2O2 v HNO3) a kyselina fluorovodíková (HF). Extrakce probíhala při teplotách 25°C a 40°C. Ve všech frakcích byly stanoveny olovo, měď a kadmium s využitím atomové absorpční spektrometrie (F AAS, ET AAS) a rtuť metodou AMA 254.
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