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Methodical aspects of genetic diversity of cattle
MIJAILOVIĆ, Angelina
The aim of this thesis is to describe methods for assessing genetic diversity. At the beginning is described biological diversity and its distribution with focus on genetic diversity. Furthermore, mutations, segregation, recombination, migration, selection, genetic drift, and inbreeding are described. The work also deals with the polymorphisms including SNP, VNTR and microsatellites. They are described as genetic markers, marker assisted selection and genomic selection. For within-population genetic diversity the text deals with biometric methods, the part describing interpopulation genetic diversity is concerned to distances and software packages. Finally, the phylogenetic trees and thein types are described with examples of use in practice.
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Chosen problems of genetic diversity of dog
CHLUPATÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis is worked out in the form of the research on the theme "Selected questions from the genetic diversity of dogs". The aim of this work was processing of the current situation of scientific knowledge in the field of genetic diversity of dogs. Firstly, the origin is described in the thesis, domestication of dogs, an organisation dealing with dogs breeding and selected breeds of dogs. From the genetic site point of view, the basic terms in genetics are described genetic markers, DNA profile of dog and the methods of evaluation of genetic diversity. In the end of my bachelor thesis I outlined possible recommendations for dog breeders.
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Genetic diversity in pig
BÁRTA, Jan
The object of this thesis is to describe genetic diversity of pigs, evaluation of genetic diversity and description of current state of genetic resources preservation. Firstly is described importance of pig-breeding, domestication of pigs and breeds of pig mostly kept in the Czech Republic. Further is described biodiversity and dividing of biodiversity, genetic diversity and research methods of genetic diversity. Last chapter is about genetic resources.
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Molecular methods as a way of determining genetical diversity of species exemplified on narrow-clawed crayfish in the Czech Republic
KORYŤÁK, Lukáš
The narrow-clawed crayfish was introduced to our country at the beginning of the 19th century. The population originally came from Galicia in Poland. The aim of this work was the sampling of chosen populations and the assessing genetic diversity at these locations in the Czech republic. The occurrence of crayfish was confirmed at 6 out of 13 chosen locations. Thirty specimens were analysed from 6 populations and the diversity of mitochondrial genes COI and 12S rRNA was evaluated. The haplotype diversity was highest for both genes in the Řečice population, (12S: Hd=1.000; COI: Hd=0.667), Stanislav (Ukrajina) (12S: Hd=0,866; COI: 0,733) and Kozárovice populations (12S: Hd=0,607; COI: Hd=0,500). On the other hand, the existence of only one haplotype was recorded for both respective genes in the Kosov, Mačkov and Stodůlky populations. The divergence of sequences for 12S rRNA and COI was 1 and 2%, respectively. The topology of phylogenetic tree was identical for both genes with the existence of two well defined phylogenetic lineages. One of the lineages was made up only out of the specimens (haplotypes) from the Stanislav (Ukraine) population. The other one contained the rest of the analysed populations of the narrow-clawed crayfish. The Stanislav (Ukraine) population comes originally from Ukraine, therefore it can be said that the populations from Eastern Europe are different from those at our country, or the populations from Poland, which is where the crayfish on the Czech Republic originated from. In order to confirm this trend, it would be necessary to analyze a larger number of specimens and more population from every area where this crayfish species occurs.
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Ecology and genetic diversity of Gentiana pannonica populations in different geographical and habitat scales
EKRTOVÁ, Ester
The thesis focused to population ecology and genetics of subalpine species Gentiana pannonica. Pollination ecology of species and generative reproduction in different habitat (primary vs. secondary) were investigated in the field. Genetic variation and structure of G. pannonica populations were studied in three disjunct parts of its distribution range: the Eastern Alps, the Bohemian Forest, and the Giant Mts. Present distribution of G. pannonica in the central past of the Bohemian Forest were processed.
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Záchrana genetické diverzity borovice blatky (Pinus uncinata subsp. uliginosa) subendemitu České republiky‚ v centru jejího areálu kombinovanou metodou biomonitorignu‚ kontrolovaného opylení a mikropropagace
Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Brno ; Výzkumný ústav lesního hospodářství a myslivosti, v.v.i., Jíloviště-Strnady ; Výzkumný ústav Silva Taroucy pro krajinu a okrasné zahradnictví, v.v.i., Průhonice ; Vlašínová, Helena ; Havel, Ladislav ; Kaňák, Jan ; Unar, Pavel ; Janík, David ; Král, Kamil ; Unar, Pavel ; Hort, Libor ; Vrška, Tomáš ; Pospíšková, Markéta ; Lukášová, Miroslava ; Businský, Roman ; Vejsadová, Hana
Zpráva uvádí revizi fenotypové čistoty stávajícího semenného sadu borovice blatky vytvořeného z genofondu v PR Borkovická blata. Zachycuje prostorové a věkové struktury porostů borovice blatky. Uvádí doporučení pro záchranu genofondu borovice blatky a její udržení v lokalitě Borkovická blata. Projekt popisuje další postup při záchraně genofondu a zakládání kultur z osiva fenotypově čistých nehybridních jedinců.
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Záchrana genetické diverzity borovice blatky (Pinus uncinata subsp. uliginosa) subendemitu České republiky‚ v centru jejího areálu kombinovanou metodou biomonitorignu‚ kontrolovaného opylení a mikropropagace
Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Brno ; Výzkumný ústav lesního hospodářství a myslivosti, v.v.i., Jíloviště-Strnady ; Výzkumný ústav Silva Taroucy pro krajinu a okrasné zahradnictví, v.v.i., Průhonice ; Vlašínová, Helena ; Havel, Ladislav ; Souček, Jiří ; Kaňák, Jan ; Janík, David ; Král, Kamil ; Hort, Libor ; Vrška, Tomáš ; Pospíšková, Markéta ; Businský, Roman ; Vejsadová, Hana
Cílem projektu je vhodným managementem ochránit a posílit cenný genofond ohrožené borovice blatky v České republice o geneticky čisté potomstvo. Analýzou DNA ověřit genetickou čistotu reprezentativních jedinců vybraných podle fenotypu pro kontrolované opylení. Získané geneticky čisté osivo použít jako výchozí materiál pro reprodukci borovice blatky v in vitro a ex vitro podmínkách. V roce 2007 byly řešeny tyto úkoly: 1. Základní terénní měření vybraného jádrového území PR Borkovická blata. 2. Provedení asanačních zásahů na uvedené lokalitě, odstranění vybraných fertilních jedinců Pinus sylvestris. 3. Analýza prostorové struktury stromového patra. 4. Zajištění fyzikálních, výživových a růstově regulačních podmínek indukce in vitro regenerace v metodických pokusech z osiva Arboreta Sofronka. 5. Metodické pokusy pro optimalizaci postupu izolace DNA.
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