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The possibilities of the assessment of aroma active compounds in elderberry juice
Kolibačová, Silvie ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is a literature research, which deals with the characteristics of black elderberry, its occurrence, types and how to use it particularly in medicine and food industry. The next section describes the production of fruit juices and methodologies for the determination of aromatic compounds in elderflower juice, which were selected for future measurements. This is the method solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography (GC). Almost a hundred different volatile compounds are given in the literature, which are located in different cultures of elderberry and their presence and quantity are dependent not only on the culture, but also on the season, the environment and the method that was used for extraction and determination of aromatic compounds.
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Srovnání antioxidačních vlastností a absorbce UV záření u extraktů vybraných bylin, Spiruliny a jejich směsí
Farinasso, Giulia
This study aimed to compare the antioxidant properties and UV radiation absorption of se-lected herbal extracts, blue-green algae spirulina extract and their mixtures. Extracts were ob-tained by ultrasound assisted extraction. The total polyphenol (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) were determined, and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was meas-ured. The best antioxidant properties has been showed by C. officinalis individual extract and its mixture with spirulina. Additionally, the UV-absorbing substances at 355 nm were quanti-fied. The extracts from C. officinalis and S. nigra were further analysed for their rutin content by HPLC-DAD. The rutin content in S. nigra and C. officinalis extracts was found to be 1935,97 ± 98,39 μg.g-1 and 233,035 ± 8,839 μg.g-1 of dry weight of flos, respectively. The highest content of phenolic compounds was found in the S. nigra extract, and the highest total antioxidant capacity was determined for the C. officinalis extract. Pearson's correlation re-vealed that the overall antioxidant capacity and UV absorption results were significantly cor-related with the total phenolic compound content only for the elderflower extract. The syner-gistic effect of the herbs used in combination with spirulina was evaluated.
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Iron-chelating properties of fruit extracts of various elderberries
Gorová, Barbora ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Barbora Gorová Supervisor: Assoc Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of thesis: Iron-chelating properties of fruit extracts of various elderberries Inorganic iron is the major food source of iron in humans. It plays role in many biochemical reactions. Thus, iron metabolism disorders can lead to different diseases associated with lack of iron or iron overload. One of the possible treatment modalities of the latter represents the administration of iron chelators. Elderberry, Sambucus nigra L. (Adoxaceae), has been used in traditional medicine. The fruits of elderberry are a rich source of cyanidin-based anthocyanins as the main component. There are important differences, both in chemical and physical properties between several cultivars of elderberry. Anthocyanins might interact with metals in the gastrointestinal tract by formation of chelates. However, data on metal interactions with anthocyanins are sparse. The main aim of this study was to perform the analysis of interaction of iron with elderberry fruit extracts as a rich and cheap source of anthocyanins with cyanidin as the aglycon. In this in vitro study ten elderberry fruit exctracts were tested for iron chelating activities...
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Možnosti využití léčivých rostlin v lesních porostech "Na Pískách" na ŠLP Masarykův les Křtiny
Veselá, Petra
The aim of this bachelor thesis is the determination of the possibilities the utilisation of medicinal plants in the forest stands „Na Pískách” located in Training Forest Enter-prise Masaryk Forest Křtiny. On the research area, a mapping of the presence of the medicinal plants, and determination of the dry drug resources and drying ratio for the selected species of medicinal plants took place. Overall, on the research area was found 37 species of medicinal plants, from which stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) and elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) was chosen for the purposes of personal research. The average production of the dry drug from one meter square of stinging nettle was 238 g and in case of elderflower, 19 g. The drying ratio of stinging nettle was 6,3 : 1 and that of elderflower was 5,4 : 1.
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Stanovení významných obsahových látek bezu černého [Sambucus nigra L.] z různých lokalit
Badinová, Veronika
The work deals with (in a literary summary) résumé of the knowledge about european elder [Sambucus nigra L.], it also describes the content of important substances and its utilization. The samples were collected at selected areas. The obtained samples were analyzed at the Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, a.s. using a UPLC liquid chromatograph with a PDA detector. It was determined the content of chlorogenic acid, vanilic acid, coffee acid, coumaric acid, quercetin, rutin, isoquercitrin and hyperoside was determined. The highest content was found in the extraction of free phenolic substances.
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Selected alcohol extracts of Sambucus nigra for use in cosmetology
Balonková, Daniela ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the preparation of selected alcohol extracts of elderberry and their use in cosmetology. In the theoretical part are described the botanical properties of the elderberry (Sambucus nigra). There are introduced and characterized bioactive compounds and toxic compounds contained in all vegetative parts of the plant. Attention is mostly focused on compounds with antioxidant properties. The theoretical part also contains a description of basic analytical methods, which are used in the practical part to characterize compounds contained in elder flowers. The practical part focuses on the optimization of the preparation of alcohol extracts with the aim to prepare the extract with the greatest possible content of polyphenols with respect to economy and production costs. Factors such as selection of the appropriate solvent, solvent to plant material ratio, solvent temperature, and extraction time are examined. Based on the total polyphenol concentration measured spectrophotometrically by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, the most suitable solvent is 60% ethanol, the ratio of plant material to solvent is 1:8, the laboratory temperature of solvent and the extraction time of 24 hours.Under these conditions, an ethanol extract is prepared, analyzed and determined selected properties, such as refractive index and density. Rutin, chlorogenic, caffeic and ferulic acids are identified by HPLC with a DAD detector. The pH value of alcohol extract is 5.743 ± 0.006, the refractive index is 1.365 ± 0.02 at 22.7 ° C and the density is 0.9288 gcm-3. By liquid chromatography the concentration of chlorogenic acids is quantified as 0.104 gl-1, caffeic acid as 0.086 gl-1 and ferulic acid as 0.060 gl-1. The extract is incorporated into cosmetic products, that are used in balneology. Prepared products are toilet soap and bath salt.
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Iron-chelating properties of fruit extracts of various elderberries
Gorová, Barbora ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Barbora Gorová Supervisor: Assoc Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of thesis: Iron-chelating properties of fruit extracts of various elderberries Inorganic iron is the major food source of iron in humans. It plays role in many biochemical reactions. Thus, iron metabolism disorders can lead to different diseases associated with lack of iron or iron overload. One of the possible treatment modalities of the latter represents the administration of iron chelators. Elderberry, Sambucus nigra L. (Adoxaceae), has been used in traditional medicine. The fruits of elderberry are a rich source of cyanidin-based anthocyanins as the main component. There are important differences, both in chemical and physical properties between several cultivars of elderberry. Anthocyanins might interact with metals in the gastrointestinal tract by formation of chelates. However, data on metal interactions with anthocyanins are sparse. The main aim of this study was to perform the analysis of interaction of iron with elderberry fruit extracts as a rich and cheap source of anthocyanins with cyanidin as the aglycon. In this in vitro study ten elderberry fruit exctracts were tested for iron chelating activities...
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The possibility of using of elderberry fruit pomace
Ondrušová, Pavlína ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This diploma thesis concerns the determination of anthocyanin pigments in the elderberry pomace (Sambucus nigra L). The theoretical part describes in general the plant specification, its chemical composition, botanical characteristics and the possibility of utilization of elderberry in food processing industry and in pharmacy. However, the main concern of this thesis are the anthocyanins. This part is closely focused on chemical structure and factors that have significant influence over their stability. There are briefly summarized the positive effects of these colourants and their use in the food industry. In the experimental part, the elderberry juice and the extracts from the rhizomes were prepared. Two different solvents, a 1: 1 water / ethanol mixture and a mixture of water and methanol in the same ratio were used as extractors. To identify and quantify the dyes in the prepared samples, a chromatographic separation system (HPLC) with a Kinetex EVO C18 column and isocratic elution of the combined mobile phases of water of acetonitrile and formic acid was developed. The analysis only took 12 minutes. Two major dyes cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside were identified and quantified by HPLC. The largest amount of anthocyanins was obtained by extracting mixture methanol / water (594.6 ± 0.42 mg.100 g-1). The content of anthocyanin dyes in dry extracts and juice was also determined by the often-used pH-differential method. Both results were compared. The HPLC method provided very accurate results against the less demanding pH-differential assay method, which proved to be suitable for the indicative measurement of anthocyanin content in real samples.
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