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Maternal and fetal microchimerism.
Hynková, Marie ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Pačes, Jan (referee)
Microchimerism is defined as the presence of small amount of genetically distinct cells in one individual. It most often arises during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It can also arise from blood transfusion or organ transplantation. During pregnancy there occurs a bidirectional migration of cells through the placenta between the mother and the fetus. Cells which are transferred during pregnancy and breastfeeding can persist in the offspring until adulthood. During breastfeeding, a big number of immune cells is transferred to the offspring via mother's milk. These cells protect the offspring against pathogens and are involved in modulation of its immune system. Fetal cells persist in mother organism even decades after giving birth and can have long-lasting effect on mother's health condition. These fetal cells can help to regenerate mother's damaged tissues, but they can also contribute to the development of serious autoimmune diseases.
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The Mechanism of Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis and Possilbilities of Their Regulation
Klímová, Aneta ; Heissigerová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Pitrová, Šárka (referee) ; Holáň, Vladimír (referee)
Introduction:Uveitis in an ocular inflammation affecting mostly people of working age. Uveitis is responsible for severe visual impairment despite of expanding new therapeutics. The animal models of uveitis were established, because the wide clinical variability of uveitis limits the studies in human medicine. The goal our project was to establish a reproducible model of experimental autoimmune uveitis in Czech Republic, and further on this model to observe the frequency of CD3+ and F4/80+ cells in retina, to assess the influence of microbial environment on intensity of intraocular inflammation and to test the therapeutical possibilities. Material and methods: The C57BL/6J mice were immunized by retinal antigen (IRBP 1-20, interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein), enhanced by complete Freund's adjuvant and pertussis toxin and mild posterior autoimmune uveitis was induced. The mice were bred in conventional and germ-free (gnotobiotic) conditions. The uveitis intensity was evaluated in vivo biomicroscopically and post mortem histologically on hematoxylin eosin stained sections according to the standard protocol. The histological eye specimen were analyzed also by imunohistochemisty and by flow cytometry. Each experiment was performed for 35 days. The conventional mice with uveitis were treated...
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Quality of life with scleroderma
Bendlová, Iva ; Tomášková, Anežka (advisor) ; Anděl, Michal (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of the quality of life with scleroderma, a chronic autoimmune disease. The work is focused on determining the health-related quality of life of patients with localized and systemic scleroderma. The values obtained are then compared with the quality of life of the healthy population and with the health-related quality of life of the patients with selected diseases (psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and breast cancer). The research was conducted in the form of a randomized SF-36 questionnaire, a globally used tool for assessing the quality of life in chronically ill patients, which evaluates 8 areas of life. The results of the SF-36 questionnaire were further evaluated by T-test to determine statistically significant values. This questionnaire was further extended by supplementary questions. The results show that patients with scleroderma do not achieve the same quality of life as a healthy population in all evaluated areas. Patients with scleroderma rate their quality of life worse than all selected diseases (except for patients with localized scleroderma compared to those with systemic lupus erythematosus). Keywords - scleroderma - localized scleroderma (morphea) - systemic scleroderma - quality of life (QoL) - health related...
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Mesenchymal stem cells and their effects on regulatory B cells
Smolová, Helena ; Boháčová, Pavla (advisor) ; Stříž, Ilja (referee)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent cells with the ability to regulate reactivity of cells of immune system. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are also capable of modulating immune responses. Both these cell types are able of creating anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic environments and represent potential of cell-mediated therapy for autoimmune diseases and transplantation reactions. The effect of MSC on Bregs activation and function has been only studied in recent years, and mechanisms of their effects are not yet well characterized. However, studies have demonstrated a decrease in effector B lymphocytes and antibody production, and a support of activation of Bregs subpopulation and increased production of anti-inflammatory interleukin 10. Various molecules produced by MSC are involved in Bregs induction. Unfortunately, their effects have not yet been sufficiently described, and different models yields diverse results. In addition to the current studies in experimental models, the first clinical trials on Bregs have been initiated. The positive results suggesting the potential for future use of Bregs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplantation reactions have been obtained in both cases. Key words: regulatory B cells, mesenchymal stem cells, immunomodulation, autoimmune diseases,...
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The role of NETosis in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases
Pošmurná, Eliška ; Brynychová, Iva (advisor) ; Šolc, Roman (referee)
Neutrophil granulocytes - white blood cells are very effective in fight against pathogens with fagocytosis, degranulation, or NETosis, which is special form of cell death. During NETosis are created neutrophil extracellular traps, which can trap and destroy microorganisms with antimicrobial granules. NETosis can be iniciated by activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, lypopolysacharides or phorbomystatic acid. Activated neutrophils get to the site of inflammation, where decondensed chromatin, part of NETs, gets into extracellular space. DNA in extracellular space is strong alarmin for immune system as part of NETs. Increased NETs production or problem with their elimination can play role in patogenesis of some autoimmune diseases (eg. Systematic lupus erythematodes, associated vasculitis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus). NETs production or their components can affect diseases or degree of damage to the surrounding tissue. It also correlates with seriousness of disease (eg. Associoated vasculitis) and can have diagnostical potencial (eg. Asociated vaskuloitides, rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes mellitus type 1). Keywords: NETosis, NETs, neutrophils, autoimmune diseases, immune system
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MicroRNA expression in glucocorticoid-treated patients with systemic autoimmune
Uher, Martin ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common joint disease of autoimmune origin. It is accompanied by inflammatory conditions that lead to irreversible changes in the joints, their deformities ending with permanent disability. Treatment of the disease involves routine regimens, surgical, as well as pharmacological treatment, which is necessary for advanced forms. Glucocorticoids play an important role in the therapeutic intervention in the course and progression of the disease. In spite of their anti-inflammatory effect, which is a key to improving the condition of the patient, they have a number of side effects in the long term- use. In this study, we have focused on the impact of these drugs on microRNA expression changes in arthritic patients treated with pulsed doses of glucocorticoids. MicroRNAs are nowadays widely studied due to their possible use as biomarkers in monitoring disease progression and the effect of treatment. MiRNA expression analysis was performed by quantitative real-time PCR array of 754 miRNAs with reverse transcription using stem-loop primers that allow amplification of short sequences that microRNAs are. Data analysis revealed 29 miRNAs differentially expressed at the significance level p ≤ 0.05, 14 miRNAs were at significance level p ≤ 0.025 (respectively 7 miRNAs at p ≤ 0.005...
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MicroRNA expression in glucocorticoid-treated patients with systemic autoimmune
Uher, Martin ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common joint disease of autoimmune origin. It is accompanied by inflammatory conditions that lead to irreversible changes in the joints, their deformities ending with permanent disability. Treatment of the disease involves routine regimens, surgical, as well as pharmacological treatment, which is necessary for advanced forms. Glucocorticoids play an important role in the therapeutic intervention in the course and progression of the disease. In spite of their anti-inflammatory effect, which is a key to improving the condition of the patient, they have a number of side effects in the long term- use. In this study, we have focused on the impact of these drugs on microRNA expression changes in arthritic patients treated with pulsed doses of glucocorticoids. MicroRNAs are nowadays widely studied due to their possible use as biomarkers in monitoring disease progression and the effect of treatment. MiRNA expression analysis was performed by quantitative real-time PCR array of 754 miRNAs with reverse transcription using stem-loop primers that allow amplification of short sequences that microRNAs are. Data analysis revealed 29 miRNAs differentially expressed at the significance level p ≤ 0.05, 14 miRNAs were at significance level p ≤ 0.025 (respectively 7 miRNAs at p ≤ 0.005...
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Epigenetic regulation of HLA genes asociated with celiac disease
Hudec, Michael ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Hušáková, Markéta (referee)
Introduction: HLA class II system presents one of the most important mechanism in immune system, which is able to recognise pathogens and damaged cells. Some HLA class II alleles are associated with autoimmune diseases, for example celiac disease, which is typical by chronic inflammation of small intestine and other following symptoms. The risk HLA class II variants are DQ2 and DQ8. Epigenetic mechanisms that regulates gene expression, especially methylation of cytosine in promoter region of DQ2 and/or DQ8 alleles, could have influence on development of T lymphocytes in the thymus, where T-lymphocytes develop and pass a few stages in, and only the survival clones can be part of function immune system. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare methylation level of promoter regions of HLA DQ2 and DQ8 alleles between celiac patients and healthy controls. Another goal is to compare expression level of DQ2 and DQ8 variants between these two groups. Methods: DNA and RNA were isolated from full blood of two sets of donors. DNA was converted by bisulphite conversion and then amplified by Nested PCR. The PCR product was cloned to bacteria. Than positive colonies were selected. Subsequent methylation analysis was performed. RNA was converted to cDNA by Reverse transcription. Relative expression was analyzed...
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Myasthenia gravis from the perspective of a nurse.
FEJERČÁKOVÁ, Monika
Bachelor thesis deals with the issue of autoimmune disease Myasthenia gravis. It focuses mainly on nursing care from a nurse'spoint of view. Thesis describes diseases, clinical symptoms of Myasthenia gravis, prognosis, treatment and nursing process in patients with Myasthenia gravis. A very important part of my work is the look and role of the nurse. The aim of the work was to find out the nurses' view of Myasthenia gravis. For qualitative survey was chosen using the semi-structured interview method. The research group was made up of nurses from neurological departments of selected hospitals. The method chosen was interrogation and deep interviewing, in the presence of one interviewer per participant. The analysis of the acquired data was carried out using the hand coding method. The results of the bachelor thesis confirmed the necessity of organizing seminars and lectures on Myasthenia gravis, because the interviewed nurses did not have specialized information about the disease. We also recommend that a standard of nursing care for patients with Myasthenia gravis is developed at each department of neurology. A very important part is also the education of patients. Benefits of thesis results in improving nursing care for patients with Myasthenia gravis, based on organized seminars, education and development of standards in the Department of Neurology.
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