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Adipose tissue distribution by preschool children- comparative study
Petrů, Dominika ; Dylevský, Ivan (advisor) ; Adámková, Věra (referee) ; Navrátil, Leoš (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT ADIPOSE TISSUE DISTRIBUTION BY PRESCHOOL CHILDREN- COMAPARATIVE STUDY ABSTRACT Head of the dissertation: Author: Prof. MUDr. Ivan Dylevský, DrSc. Mgr. Dominika Petrů Prague, 2014 Abstract The dissertation provides information about the distribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue in preschool-aged /5-6 years, n=141/ and younger school-aged children /8- 9 years, n=137/ in the Ústí region. In this review, we describe and evaluate the child's body with anthropometric parameters, skinfold, bioelectrical impedance analysis and selected sample /n=31/ with ultrasonography. We found an increased distribution of adipose tissue in older file with a concentration in the abdominal area and a higher reliability of skinfold than the BIA, considering the ultrasound examination. Key words: subcutaneous fat, skinfold, bioelectrical impedance analysis, ultrasonography
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Tracheal Collapse in Miniature Dog Breeds
Machová, Alžběta ; Krejčířová, Romana (advisor) ; Chmelíková, Eva (referee)
Tracheal collapse is the most common tracheal disease occurring by the miniature dog breeds. This disease is usually found with middle to older aged dogs, but can be found even with the younger dogs. It is likely a congenital disease, athwart can be caused by outer factors or chronical breathing illnesses (repeted infections,alergies,dusty environment...)
Dogs trachea is the connector between uper and lower airways (connect larynx with bronchi). The trachea is formed by cartilage rings, connected by ligaments. These rings aren't dorsally closed - in this area the cartilage is replaced by a muscle covered in respiratory mucos membrane.
Tracheal collapse can affect cervical and sternal section of trachea, even the bronchi can be striken.
The collapse of trachea is caused by tracheal cartilage collapse, witch leads to tapered tracheal gateway. It is histologically proven, that the affected cartilage tissue lacks some compounds, in concrete glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans and chondroitin sulfat, that makes the cartilage mellow.
This disease displays itself by a variety of clinical symptoms - the first stage brings excitation of airways and coughing when dog is physically active or shows signs of excitement (positive or negative), also can be caused by mechanical tracheal irritation (collar), nurture and fluid intake. Gradual disease worsening causes inspiratory troubles that leads to asphyxiation. There are four known grades of tracheal collapse phased in according to cartilage rings collapse range.
Tracheal checkup is commonly executed via tracheoscopy, witch reveals the tracheal inner condition.
Treatment is addicted to few spects : tracheal disorder ratio, age of the dog, but also owners economical situation. The treatment is strictly individual. When the disease is not fully developed, the treatment is based on pharmaceutics, mostly corticosteroids. Further grades of the disease asks for more severe surgical help. In this case an endoluminal stent is aplicated into the trachea and provides instant relief and health melioration.
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Modelling for ultrasound perfusion imaging
Hracho, Michal ; Šikner, Tomáš (referee) ; Mézl, Martin (advisor)
This thesis deals with the possibilities of determining perfusion parameters of vascular system, using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging, which is non-invasive method. Properties of ultrasonography and use of contrast agents are briefly summarized. The methods selected for perfusions analysis were Bolus-tracking¬¬, Burst-replenishment and both of them combined – Bolus&Burst. Parametric models based on these methods were created for modelling an approximation of set perfusion parameters with the use of blind deconvolution.
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Solubilization in sonographic systems
Überall, Martin ; Klučáková, Martina (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
The aim of this thesis was to determine the solubilizing capacity of microbubbles based on SonoVue®, and phospholipids SonoVue® is made of, by using the UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The concentrations of solubilized substances within these systems was further determined. In particular, the properties of natrium dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerole and distearoyl¬phosphatidylcholine were investigated. The microbubbles were produced using these phospholipids with the addition of polyethyleneglycol and palmitic acid. The solubilizing capacity was determined using hydrophobic solutes Sudan Red G, Oil Red O, 4-Di-2-Asp and Nile Red in order to obtain a model system of solubilized drugs or other hydrophobic substances. The behavior of solutes in phospholipids and our prepared microbubbles were examined in a moderately polar medium – physiological saline solution (0.15 M NaCl). The vizualization of prepared microbubbles was performed using optical and fluorescence microscopy. 4-Di-2-Asp, as a fluorescence probe, was not suitable for microbubble vizualization. The size of microbubbles that were produced during the experiment was almost the same as the size of microbubbles of commercially made SonoVue®. The concentration of solubilized hydrophobic solutes inside the liposomes of phospholipids ranged from tens to hundreds of micromoles per liter. With increasing concentration of phospholipids the concentration of solubilized solutes also increased. The results of this experiment can be used for further research focused on the solubilization of drugs in microbubbles, and contrast agents which are used in ultrasonography.
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