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Význam vitaminu D a jeho metabolitů v reprodukci živočišných organismů
Červenka, Jiří
Vitamin D is considered to be a group of molecules that have many functions in animal organisms. The best known of these is the key role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and regulation of bone mineralization. In recent years, however, many new functions of this vitamin have been discovered, such as the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, its influence on the immune system or its function in animal reproduction. This thesis deals with the importance of vitamin D in animal reproduction with an emphasis on livestock. In the literature review, the occurrence of receptors for vitamin D in cells of various types of different tissues of reproductive system, particularly in mammals and birds, and the function of various metabolites mediated by these receptors are discussed in the individual chapters. The thesis includes the design of methodology, which would test the effect of vitamin D on reproduction of the male and female domestic chickens. The hypothesis could verify, whether or not, Rhode Island Red cockerels, that would be fed a diet with a higher vitamin D content would demonstrate better ejaculate parameters and higher fertilization of eggs laid by Rhoade Island White hens inseminated with this semen. Furthemore, a solution is proposed to verify the hypothesis, assuming higher hatchability and lower embryonic mortality in hens fed higher vitamin D feed mixture. The result would be compared with hens and roosters of the same breeds, reared in an environment with the same conditions, fed a vitamin D deficient feed mixture.
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Předpoklady úspěšné reprodukce prasnic
Doubravská, Sára
The bachelor thesis deals with the prerequisites for successful reproduction of sows. In the introductory part, the thesis focuses on the importance of reproduction and the distribution of reproductive traits. The main part describes the physiological course of reproductive traits and the influences that affect them. Furthermore, pregnancy and parturition, their physiological processes are described. Then, the factors that influence the reproductive performance of breeding sows are described. In the final part, the bachelor thesis deals with the current level of reproductive indices in the Czech Republic.
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Analýza hospodaření vybraných ekologických farem
Peichlová, Zuzana
The diploma thesis analyzed selected production and reproduction factors in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. The data was obtained from three organic farms and one conventional farm for comparison. The owners wished to remain anonymous. The data was collected from the utility inspection records and zootechnical evidence from the years 2020, 2021, and 2022. From the production indicators, the following factors were monitored: daily yield, number of lactations, fat content (%), protein content (%), somatic cell count (thous./ml), number of born and raised calves, and culling rate (%). From the reproductive indicators, the following factors were monitored: insemination index, insemination interval, service period, intercalving period, and pregnancy after first insemination (%). The findings indicate that the production indicators on organic farms are not the worst, and the conventional farm only has problematic somatic cell counts and numbers of born and raised calves. Reproductive indicators show better values on organic farms, while the conventional farm reports worse indicators.
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Analýza faktorů ovlivňujících reprodukční vlastnosti nandu pampového
Muchová, Tereza
Focus of this diploma thesis is the analysis of partial influences having impact on the reproduction of Greater rhea. It captures a detailed description of the most common factors, such as housing, nourishment, season’s effect, climatic conditions, genetics and subsequent breeding of chickens. Included is an anatomical description of reproductive organs of both sexes and getting the reader acquainted with the social behavior of this animal. Thesis also consists of ethological observations of defined individuals with focus on the influence of the season on various daily activities. Finally, an analysis of the eggs is performed that includes the overall laying capabilities of the female, along with hatchability, fertilization and mortality of embryos. As an appendix of the diploma thesis you can find recommended precautions increasing the possibility to improve the level of reproduction for the breeders.
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Zhodnocení reprodukčních schopností králíků chovaných ve vybraném drobnochovu
Bakošová, Aneta
The bachelor´s thesis deals with evaluation of reproductive indicators of selected breeds of rabbits. In the literary review, origin of domestic rabbit, biological characteristics and reproduction, were described. In the practical part of the work were described two selected breeds of domestic rabbits. It was about czech spot and californian rabbit. Their reproductive properties were evaluated and compared with each other. Compared results of both breed do not differ at all. Californian rabbit had higher number of weaned offsprings and shorter length of pregnancy. Czech spot had better weight gain and longer length of pregnancy.
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Analýza reprodukční užitkovosti prasnic ve vybraném chovu
Bauerová, Šárka
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the reproductive performance of sows in a selected enterprise. In the literary part of the thesis the state of pig breeding in the Czech Republic, reproductive characteristics of sows and basic indicators of reproductive perfor-mance in boars are described. For the reproductive traits of sows, such as fertility and milk yield, external and internal factors affecting them are described. The methodology of the bachelor thesis includes general characteristics of the enterprise. Indicators of the sow herd, including young sows, which consisted of an average of 500 sows, include the % of sows farrowed after first insemination, the number of all piglets born and the number of stillborn and live-born piglets.The length of weaning and number of piglets weaned, the age structure of the sow herd and the reasons for weaning were also assessed. The results obtained are compared with the results of the reproduction indicator in the Czech Republic and also in the Vysočina region. A proposal is included for the optimization of breeding conditions that could influence reproductive indicators and improve reproduction in the breeding.
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Vyhodnocení růstové intenzity jalovic na jejich reprodukční a užitkové vlastnosti
Voldánová, Eliška
The main aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate effects of holstein heifers growth factors and their subsequent reproduction and milk production. The heifers were rear in the same conditions and also their subsequet reproduction and milk production took place in the same stable. No significant (p> 0,05) differences in the weight of heifers weighed a tage of 225, 335, 445 and 580 days were demonstrated for heifers after the sires of the line NXB and for heifers after the sires of the line NEO. Similary, there was no evidence (p> 0,05) of the influence of the order of mother´s lactation on the growth ability of the heifers. From the reproductive indicators of the heifers, the age of embed, the age of calving and the insemination index were monitored. The heifers were most often embed at the age of 13 months. The best age if calving was from the age of 22 to 23 months. Significantly (p <0,05), the best insemination index was found out in heifers from mothers on the 4th and higher lactation (1,17). The best insemination index was shown on the group of heifers which weighed during their time of embed between 400 to 440 kg. The milk production was better after the sires of the line NXB (10556 kg). In terms of grouping by maternal lactation, the best performance was held by heifers after the mother on the 2nd lactation. The content of fat was the similar (about 4 %) in all groups of heifers. The content of protein was similar for all groups of heifers (3,36 %). The best milk production was achieved by heifers calved at the age of 23–24 months. This group had the highest content of fat and proteins. The most favorable milk yield was shown in heifers weighing between 400 to 440 kg at the time of embeding. This group also had the highest fat content, but conversely the lowest protein content.
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Experience in The Artwork and in The Gallery Space
Havránková, Simona ; Pfeiffer, Jan (advisor) ; Francová, Sylva (referee)
The theoretical part of the thesis is comprised of three interrelated areas: the exhibition as a medium, space, and curation. The chosen areas each include a presentation of the development of space. The thesis explores elements that transform the audience's overall experience of visiting an exhibition and the audience's impression of the displayed piece. The chapter which follows the facilitator's role in the exhibit determines the most common causes of the public's dismissive stance towards art. The third chapter is focused on curation and introduces the curator's role. The practical part of the thesis proposes solutions for a three-dimensional installation and offers means of linking artworks to their surroundings. In relation to the subject of the public's detachment from art, the thesis explores art from the viewpoint of the audience and the audience's experience. The thesis aims at designing an arrangement that aids in bettering the relationship between the public, the gallery, and art, through the use of gallery education. The practical part involves the author's project - a curatorial conception for which thematic series are provided in the didactic part. The basis of the work is finding relationships between different areas of art and viewing exhibitions from an educational perspective....
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Circadian system and reproduction
Hrubá, Anežka ; Lužná, Vendula (advisor) ; Ladislavová, Lucie (referee)
Due to the alternation of day and night, mammals have developed internal circadian clocks, helping to synchronize physiological processes with the external environment. The circadian system is hierarchically organized, with central clocks located within suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SCN). The main signal for setting the clocks to the external time is light, which enters the SCN through retina. The SCN communicate with peripheral oscillators in other organs, including reproductive ones, via hormonal signals, thereby synchronizing a variety of physiological processes. At the molecular level, clocks are controlled by clock genes. Cicradian system has a significant impact on reproduction. It is manifested by rythmical expression of clock genes and production of hormones in reproductive organs, as well as a success in reproduction if the clock's function is proper, and problems with reproduction if it is not. From a gender perspective, a several differences between women and men has been found throughout the SCN. Likewise, there are differences in chronotypes between both sexes over the course of their lives. Biological rhythms also include circannual rhythms, contributing to the timing of reproduction at the proper season of the year. Animals mate at different time depending on the length...
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Population biology and evolutionary genetics of southern right whale (Eubalaena australis)
Nevečeřalová, Petra ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Galov, Ana (referee) ; Robovský, Jan (referee)
Southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) is a species from the Balaenidae family with a range in the southern hemisphere, which evolved in connection with Neogene climate oscillations. Its population biology involves migration between coastal waters of South America, southern Africa, Australia and New Zealand to its high-latitude foraging and feeding grounds in the Southern Ocean. Intensive historical hunting from the 18th to 19th century has impacted the population dynamics of baleen whales substantially. After the whaling moratorium, the species has been recovering from the heavy exploitation, however, recently it is facing anthropogenic changes, such as climate change. The South African population, considered to be the largest one globally and intensively studied for the last several decades, is showing an increase in the calving interval, a decline in female condition and a dramatic shift in migration routes since 2010, possibly as a consequence of significant changes in marine food webs. Methods of molecular ecology were applied to monitor the population genetics and its dynamics not only in the context of the global population but also to compare different time periods - 1990s and 2010s. The majority of the samples were collected noninvasively in cooperation with commercial whale-watching...
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