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Diurnal vertical migrations of zooplankton in a stratified mountain reservoir
Adámek, Radek ; Hořická, Zuzana (advisor) ; Stuchlík, Evžen (referee)
The thesis - a literature review - was aimed at the phenomenon of diurnal vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton, in relation to particular conditions in the Josefův Důl reservoir in the Jizera Mountains (northern Bohemia, Czech Republic). The area of the Jizera Mts has a very sensitive geology, and thus suffered a strong anthropogenic acidification in the second half of the 20th century. The consequence was a long-term degradation of chemistry and biology of soils and surface waters. The waters in the upper plateau of the mountains were fishless, with a low diversity and biomass of both the phytoplankton and zooplankton. Recovery from acidification is slowest in the deepest reservoir, Josefův Důl. Due to its morphology, thermal stratification, newly re-stocked brook charr population, and invertebrate predators' occurrence, the zooplankton distribution in the vertical profile is expected to be irregular, with DVM. The following diploma project, oriented to seasonal changes and vertical distribution of the zooplankton in the Josefův Důl reservoir, should contribute to long-term data on biological recovery of the reservoirs from acidification, and explain the role of biotic parameters in zooplankton succession.
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„Stone in a garden". The Project: The garden of a guest-house (with apartments) in Desná, Jizerské Hory
Žitný, Lukáš ; Vaněk, Jan (advisor) ; Vavřík, Ivan (referee)
Diploma work: Stone in a garden. The Project the garden of a guest-house (with apartments) in Desná, Jizerské Hory.
This diploma work deals with the use of stone, a naturally resistant material, in an appropriate and aesthetic manner in the creation of a garden.The first part of this work is theoretical and focuses on the usage of stone in history as a building material for both utilitarian and conceptual buildings. This is followed by a discussion of the use of stone in Asia as a natural material in garden art in contrast to its use in Europe. With a focus on granite in garden and landscape creation, an assessment and classification of the soil (based on its mineral and chemical composition) is necessary to provide accurate information in order to select only stone which has been correctly mined, processed and shaped before its final use. An in-depth knowledge of the large range of stone products available and their correct usage is very important in order to realise a design with permanent garden elements which are both functional and aesthetic with buildings that will last for generations.
The practical part of this diploma work - my own project, is a guest-house garden in Desná, Jizerské hory owned by Martin Bajer. The land area is 2000 square metres of which 531 square metres is used by buildings. The terrain, steep and set at 580 - 590 metres above sea level, is located
in the mountains with its rich history and views of beautiful nature. The river Bílá Desná flows though the valley of Desná and helped to create the "golden age" of the glass industry in the 2nd half of the 19th century. Unfortunately, Bílá Desná also contributed to the biggest catastrophe of its kind in the Central Europe. In 1916 a dam failure on the river disastrously resulted in 62 fatalities and 100 damaged houses.
In 2006 Martin Bajer couldn't resist the beauty of the area and became the owner of what remains of an old guest-house. Reconstruction work began in 2006 and continued for the past 11 years. The redevelopment of the garden is expected to begin soon (2017).
Only after understanding the owner's vision for the future of the guesthouse could a design be created. The owner's idea focused on owning a guesthouse with apartments favourable to both families with children as well as more senior guests who prefer to enjoy an active holiday in a natural setting. The garden's design therefore, offers the possibility for guests to use the garden for activities as well as passive relaxation in winter and summer months. Much emphasis is placed on the use
of natural materials.
Granite is the natural building material most commonly used in this region. Thanks to its unique characteristics - tough and resistant to the elements, granite makes an ideal choice for use in gardens. Its toughness makes it resistant to constant wear by guests and able to cope with difficult mountain conditions, especially heavy snow cover and the extreme temperatures of winter.
The result of this practical diploma work is a garden design coupled with a detailed strategy for realising the owners initial concept. The design outlines the space as well as the technical process of building the individual elements with garden structures surrounded by plants - all accomplished within the agreed budget.
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Surface ozone influence on native vegetation: results based on ozone visible symptoms and stomatal flux
Matoušková, Leona ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Albrechtová, Jana (referee) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
Regarding the vegetation, the most affected areas by high levels of surface ozone (O3) are the mountain ridges. Our study has been carried out in the Jizerske hory Mts. High O3 levels together with the convenient environmental conditions for stomatal conductance could be a threat for the health of recovering ecosystems in this area. The aims of this study was both to assess the influence of O3 on vegetation in the Czech mountains and to provide recommendations and outlooks for possible future using of relatively new methods (visible symptoms and stomatal O3 flux modelling) used for O3 impact assessment on native vegetation in the field; that means physiologically relevant methods for the determination of O3 influence. During 2006 and 2007, O3-like visible symptoms were assessed on the leaves of seven species at four sites. Symptoms on only two species (Fagus sylvatica L. and Rubus idaeus L.) have been determined as O3-induced. To our knowledge, it is the first study in the Czech Republic in which the O3-like symptoms on native plants have been verified by the Ozone Validation Centre for Central Europe. Our results based on O3-induced symptoms indicate that ambient O3 is likely to have a much lower impact than expected, considering the measured O3 concentrations (measured with passive samplers) and...
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Al forms in acidified surface waters - toxicity and trends
Šimková, Petra ; Hruška, Jakub (advisor) ; Hořická, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis deals with forms of aluminium occurring in acidified surface waters. Special attention is paid to inorganic monomeric aluminium, fraction, which has toxic effect on some species of aquatic and terrestrial biota. The thesis primarily focuses on the analysis of surface water, groundwater and soil water chemistry in the year-round and long-term monitoring. The practical took place on an experimental mountain basin Uhlířská, which is drained by river Černá Nisa. Uhlířská basin is located in the Jizera Mountains and represents the area which was significantly exposed to the acid atmospheric deposition in the second half of the 20th century. Long-term exposure to acid precipitation caused the acidification of soil and watercourses, forest degradation and deforestation of large parts of the basin. Decrease in pH and an increase in concentration of toxic aluminium also caused species depletion of aquatic ecosystems. Monomeric forms of aluminium were determined spectrophotometrically, the concentration of total aluminium was determined by the method of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), in case of low concentration electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) was used. Five forms of aluminium were obtained - Altot, AlAS, Alm, Alo and potentially toxic Ali. Appart from...
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Tourism destination development - Bedřichov in Jizera Mountains
Němeček, Petr ; Fialová, Dana (advisor) ; Kubín, Ewa (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to evaluate the current state of Bedřichov from the perspective of tourism and draw the attention to the threats and opportunities stemming from its potential further development. This thesis employs the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model, firstly applied to Bedřichov itself and later compared to Špindlerův Mlýn. This method allows for the analysis of the current position of Bedřichov in its life cycle as well as its expected development. The outcome of this thesis should be beneficial in the evaluation of further development in Bedřichov with respect to the ecological sustainability in the region.
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Differences in morphology of the valleys in the Jizerské hory Mts.
Hložek, Martin ; Engel, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Hartvich, Filip (referee)
This Master thesis focuses on a river network characteristics in the Jizerské hory Mts., northern Bohemia. This part of the Czech Republic represents an area, which was during Tertiary and Pleistocene affected by neotectonic movements. Therefore, 30 longitudinal profiles of selected rivers were constructed to determine areas influenced by tectonics most intensively. These profiles were classified into four categories according to shape of profile curve. Also valley cross sections were made on five selected rivers. Additionally, the Jizera and Jizerka rivers were studied to assess changes of their streams in the period of 19382012. On the north-western (the Jeřice river catchment) and northern (the Smědá river catchment) slopes of the Jizerské hory Mts., areas most affected by neotectonic movements were detected. Tectonically controlled valley cross sections are distinctive on the Smědá, Jizera and Kwisa rivers. On the Jizerka and Jizera rivers, lateral erosion rate ranges up to 0,5 m/year.
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Snow water content modelling in small catchments
Němečková, Klára ; Daňhelka, Jan (advisor) ; Bercha, Šimon (referee)
Title: Snow water content modelling in small catchments This work deals with modeling of amount of snow cover, snow water equivalent, respectively, on an experimental catchment in the Jizerské hory Mts. Measuring and modelling of the snow cover is an important part of water management practice from the perspective of reservoir operation and flood management. The first part of this thesis describes physical-geographical characteristics of the Jizerské hory Mts.especially from the climatological and hydrological point of view but also other charakteristics and conditions that may affect the dynamic of snow accumulation and melting are described with detailed focus on the experimental catchment of Černá Desná river - Jezdecká. Two modelling approaches were applied to simulate snow water equivalent (SWE) based on observed precipitation and temperature. Beside the well knowen SNOW17 model a simple method based on heat index was developed in this work and its parameters were calibrated based on measured timeseries of daily average air temperature, daily precipitation and observed SWE for winter periods 2001 to 2009. Both methods provided reasonably accurate estimates of SWE over the tested period, however it was found that the results for winters with extreme conditions (very warm or very cold) are less...
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The effect of selected parameters of stream water on gill morphology of brook charr and the structure of ichthyofauna of the Jizera Mountains
Hušek, Jiří ; Dušek, Martin (referee) ; Švátora, Miroslav (advisor)
The occurrence of ichthyofauna on the territory of the Jizera Mountains (Northern Bohemia, Czech Republic) is limited, besides other factors, by the water chemistry. pH value and pH-related concentration of inorganic monomeric aluminum (Ali) are crucial parameters of the water, determining the survival of fish in streams. Low pH and high concentrations of Ali cause severe damages to fish gills. The thesis deals with the influence of the water chemistry on distribution of ichthyofauna in the Jizera Mts and gill morphology in brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis), a dominant fish species of the upper plateau of the mountains. The results show that the species diversity of fish in acidified streams is lower than that in streams without meaningful acidic episodes. Histopathological analyses of gills of brook charr individuals from an acidified stream confirm, that low pH values and high concentrations of Ali have a cummulative effect and lead to degenerative changes on gills. Key words: The Jizera Mountains, ichthyofauna, brook charr, gill morphology, water chemistry, toxic aluminium, acidification
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Fish and benthos of the Černá Nisa stream and their contamination by metals in the period of recovery from acidification
Burdová, Lucie ; Hořická, Zuzana (advisor) ; Slavík, Ondřej (referee)
The aims of the thesis were to compare chemistry of the Černá Nisa stream in the Jizera Mountains (Northern Bohemia, Czech Republic) at the end of the era of strong anthropogenic acidification (in the mid-1990s) and in the period of the recent intensive chemical and biological recovery from acidification, and to study the present biota of the stream. During the year 2008, physical and chemical parameters of the water were studied, the species and age composition of ichthyofauna, and the quality and quantity of macrozoobenthos - the main component of the food for fish. Special attention was paid to the content of toxic metals (Be, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Hg) in the water, main representatives of benthic organisms, and in selected tissues of brook charr. The comparison of the water chemistry with results from the years 1994, 1996, and 1997 showed a decrease in acidification, despite the unstable chemical climate during the seasons, and sulphate and nitrate concentrations still high. Since the mid 1990s, the stream has been inhabited by a stable population of brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis), a non-native, highly acid-tolerant species, which is now dominating there. At present, also a stable population of a native species, common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), occurs in the stream....
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Specifics of Development of Municipalities in Protected Landscape Area Shown on Example of Protected Landscape Area of Jizera Mountains
Poláková, Tereza ; Michlová, Radka (advisor) ; Vochozková, Jacqueline (referee)
This bachelor thesis studies a specific situation in municipalities, which lie in The Protected Landscape Area of Jizera Mountains. An answer to the question "Are municipalities influenced by an existence of The Protected Landscape Area in their area?" was searched. In case that they are influenced, is the effect negative or positive? The socio economic analysis and the SWOT analysis are used in this bachelor thesis. There are evaluated data that were gained from questionnaire survey, which was carried out between representatives of the municipalities. The result of the thesis is, that The Protected Landscape Area has an effect on a development of municipalities. This effect is not the only one in researched municipalities. The localization of municipalities in relation to agglomeration of Liberec and Jablonec nad Nisou and an accessibility of these cities have a principal influence too. The other development factors determine, whether the effect of The Protected Landscape Area on municipalities is negative or positive.
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