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Maternal and fetal microchimerism.
Hynková, Marie ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Pačes, Jan (referee)
Microchimerism is defined as the presence of small amount of genetically distinct cells in one individual. It most often arises during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It can also arise from blood transfusion or organ transplantation. During pregnancy there occurs a bidirectional migration of cells through the placenta between the mother and the fetus. Cells which are transferred during pregnancy and breastfeeding can persist in the offspring until adulthood. During breastfeeding, a big number of immune cells is transferred to the offspring via mother's milk. These cells protect the offspring against pathogens and are involved in modulation of its immune system. Fetal cells persist in mother organism even decades after giving birth and can have long-lasting effect on mother's health condition. These fetal cells can help to regenerate mother's damaged tissues, but they can also contribute to the development of serious autoimmune diseases.
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Design of Autonomous Delivery Robot
Ianishevskaia, Darina ; Surman, Martin (referee) ; Křenek, Ladislav (advisor)
The topic of this diploma thesis is the design of an autonomous delivery robot, designed for the delivery of food and groceries over shorter distances. The diploma thesis includes design and technical analysis of existing products and deals with the design of an autonomous delivery robot. The proposed concept solves the technical shortcomings of current products and its design reflects new possibilities in the field of autonomous delivery systems.
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Design of a Light Delivery Vehicle
Skřivánek, Tomáš ; Siebert, Petr (referee) ; Křenek, Ladislav (advisor)
This diploma thesis solves the design of a light delivery vehicle. The work is focused on an innovative approach in the field of last-mile delivery. The resulting product solves the technical shortcomings of today's vehicles and its design reflects its purpose, overall concept and electric drive.
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The influence of high performance sports on pregnancy, delivery and puerperium
Novotná, Adéla ; Pařízek, Antonín (advisor) ; Přáda, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the impact of high performance sports on pregnancy, delivery and puerperium. Theoretical part is focused on the changes in the organism of a pregnant woman, especially on her diet and the impact of either excessive or deficient physical activity. This part also evaluates the suitability of individual sport activities in terms of intensity and specificity during the period of pregnancy. It also addresses the influence of sport anamnesis on the delivery during each birth periods. The thesis also seeks the theoretical basis for returning to a high performance field or maintaining an adequate physical activity during the period of puerperium and lactating. The purpose of the practical part is to compare the population of professional athletes with the average population in both qualitative and quantitative features. Data from Obstetrics-gynecology clinic are used for the quantitative part of the research and are compared with a control group of the average population. The qualitative part is processed in the form of semi-structured interviews. Interwiews were conducted eith respondents who performer top-level sport and with respondents who had never pursued top-level sport. The respondents were acquainted with the topic of bachelor thesis and using their data. They were...
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Reproductive ageing and its reflection in obstetrics in Czechia
Waldaufová, Eva ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Reproductive ageing and its reflection in obstetrics in Czechia Abstract The aim of this thesis is to explore trends in obstetrics in Czechia in the context of increasing maternal age. The key issue is the rise in the percentage of births performed by caesarean section. The first part of the work sums up the current knowledge of fertility development and describes the selected effects of fertility postponement, health risks, especially of caesarean sections. Subsequently, the evolution of fertility in Czechia between 1989 and 2018 and the development in the proportion of births by caesarean section from 1994 to 2018 are analysed. The incidence of caesarean section births is examined based on individual anonymous data from the National Health Information System in 2018. It considers the age of the mothers and other characteristics of the mothers and newborns in Czechia. The odds of giving birth by caesarean section are estimated using the binary logistical regression method. It turns out that in recent years the growth of births executed by caesarean section has stopped, although the age of mothers and the use of assisted reproduction methods continues to grow. Reproductive ageing is reflected in the increase in caesarean section births, but at the same time its occurrence is influenced by a number of other...
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Factors influencing initiation of breastfeeding
Šámalová, Pavlína ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Kaňková, Šárka (referee)
Breastfeeding is a natural way of mammalian offspring nutrition and we can see analogous situation in human newborns. In addition to nutrition itself, breastfeeding has a wide range of other positive effects on the mother and her child. Many factors can influence the onset of breastfeeding and its successful continuation (BMI, alcohol consumption during pregnancy or early mother-infant contact). The main aim of this thesis was to test the effect of mother-newborn contact and the medical procedures in early postpartum care on the onset of lactation. Further, we aimed to investigate other possible factors that influence the initiation of lactation. We found that attaching newborn to the breast in the delivery room significantly decreased the time from birth to the onset of lactation. Moreover, the onset of lactation was significantly positively affected by parity, BMI before pregnancy and negatively by presence of a close person in the delivery room, and illness during pregnancy. To investigate breastfeeding-related postpartum care, we carried out a one week internship at the maternity hospital. We can influence some of the factors by education of the society and in early postpartum care. Keywords Breastfeeding, newborn, early contact, delivery, lactation 5
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Effect of epidural analgesia on duration of the first and second stages of labour.
Kuklová, Dagmar ; Pařízek, Antonín (advisor) ; Šimják, Patrik (referee)
Effect of Epidural Analgesia on Duration of the First and Second Stages of Labour Abstract: This bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of epidural analgesia. Nowadays, epidural analgesia is considered to be the most effective method of relieving labour pain. The thesis is both theoretical and practical. The aim of the theoretical part is to summarize knowledge about labour pain and the methods of relieving it. The thesis offers a comprehensive review of both non-pharmacological and pharmacological techniques. The method of epidural analgesia is described in more detail. The thesis describes the indications and contraindications of administering epidural analgesia. It also studies it's impact on the course of labour. The practical part of this thesis consists of results of a prospective study concerning epidural analgesia. A group of women with administered epidural analgesia during labour were compared to a group of women without administration of epidural analgesia. Then it was looked at whether this method of analgesia has any effect on the length of the first and second stages of labour. It was ascertained by statistical methods that epidural analgesia has no effect on the duration of the first and second stages of labour. Keywords: Epidural Analgesia, Labour, Childbirth, Delivery, Parturition, First...
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The childbirth through the eyes of woman who gives birth
ZADRAŽILOVÁ, Iveta
This bachelor thesis deals with pregnant women's ideas of their childbirth and, subsequently, compares these ideas with the real course of it. In the theoretical part the issue of childbirth, its course and the midwifery care in each of the stages of labour were described as well as alternative conducts of labour. Given the theme of this thesis, the psychophysical preparation for childbirth, the birth plan, the role of the accompanying person during labour as well as the prevention of childbirth injuries were also described. For the scientific part of the thesis two goals were set, namely to find out about the ideas women have about childbirth and, afterwards, to compare these ideas with the real course of labour. Based on these two goals, two scientific issues have emerged which focused on the ideas and visions that women had about childbirth and also how they felt about it afterwards. The quantitative method of half-structured in-depth interviews with the women before and after childbirth was used to complete the scientific research. The research was carried out between January and February 2018 and included 15 women who agreed to give an interview. The interview was divided into two parts, the first part before birth, the second part after birth. During the first part of the interview the women answered nine and, in the second one, ten open questions. As soon as the collection of data was finished, the interviews were transcribed word by word and analysed (by hand). After that the answers were encoded and put into prepared categories. Based on the research it has become clear that all of the respondents were informed about childbirth, either through the internet or by means of childbirth preparation courses and most often they wished for their childbirth to be quick. Some of the respondents had their birth plan and all of them wished to be accompanied by their partner. Some of them also asked for a doula or a private midwife assistant. Most of the respondents hadn't been preparing for labour pains and almost all of them wanted to use hydro-therapy as a means of analgesia during the first stage of labour. More than a half of the respondents had been using some method of prevention of perineal tear during pregnancy. As for the role of the midwife assistant, they mostly expected her to be friendly and able to provide advice. The course of childbirth was mostly seen and valued as an unforgettable and positive "experience". According to most of the respondents their midwife assistant was kind and able to provide them with understandable information. The environment of the delivery room was described as pleasant by almost all of the women. Most of them handled their labour pains well. All the respondents understood the person accompanying them as mental support. Most respondents suffered from childbirth injuries. Almost all of the respondents could apply some of the knowledge they had acquired during pregnancy. All of the women who had their birth plan ready could see their wishes at least partially fulfilled. The research has shown that most of the respondents were satisfied with the course of their childbirth and their ideas were not very different from reality. This bachelor thesis can be used as a source of information for pregnant women or as a summary of midwifery care regarding the woman in labour. Thee information leaflet can be given to pregnant women attending antenatal classes as a source of helpful information for the whole process of giving birth.
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Communication as a midwife to a woman during childbirth (delivery) and in the puerperium.
HRADECKÁ, Karolína
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of the communication of a midwife with a woman during childbirth and in the puerperium. The theoretical part is divided into two chapters. The first chapter specifies in detail the concept and process of communication, the way communication is perceived and its importance; it also defines the factors influencing the communication process. The second chapter describes the verbal, paralinguistic and non-verbal elements of communication used during childbirth and in the puerperium. The chapter describes in detail the communication in the first, second, third and fourth stage of childbirth, after childbirth communication, and also focuses on the specifics of communication with a client with changes mental state (puerperium blues, puerperium depression and puerperium psychosis). The purpose of the work was to identify how clients perceive the communication of midwives in the labour ward and during the puerperium. The first research question addresses the women 's satisfaction with midwifes´ communication in the labour wards. The second research question addresses the women 's satisfaction with midwives´ communication during the puerperium stage. For implementation of the empirical part of the thesis qualitative research survey was used. The technique for collecting data created an individualized semi-structured interview where the main objective was to obtain detailed information in the researched field. The conversation was recorded on a dictaphone and then transferred into electronic version and text analysis was performed. Clients' answers are distinguished in italics. Verbal consent to the interview was always provided by the clients voluntarily, the clients were informed about the fact that the interview is anonymous and the results of the research would be used only for the purposes of the bachelor thesis. The research group consisted of nine clients from 5 days to 2 months after delivery. While six clients had spontaneous vaginal delivery, for one client an instrumental vaginal method VEX had to be used, and then for two clients the pregnancies were terminated surgically by caesarean section. The interview was conducted on the basis of two meetings, with a time span (1 week) between the interviews. The interview was conducted using 11 previously prepared questions for each area of research (the labour ward, the puerperium) and the clients were always also asked additional questions. The first three were identification questions; the other questions already dealt with communication in specific stages (labour ward, puerperium). The survey was conducted between May and June 2017 including. The research was, for its clarity, divided into two parts; to communication with the client in the labour ward and to communication with the client during the puerperium, following that the research was elaborated into categories and charts, which contain essential information and the results of the research. By analysing the results of the qualitative research, some conclusions and answers to research questions have been reached. The first research question addressed the satisfaction of clients with communication in the labour ward. A research survey found that patients were provided with information on the course of labor, methods of pain management. In addition, clients were informed about procedures during childbirth. The clients evaluated the approach of midwives positively on the basis of the support provided to them during delivery, and they were largely satisfied with the communication. The research also revealed that only four clients were adequately and fully informed about pain management methods. The second research question was whether the clients were satisfied with the communication at the post-mortem station. From the research, it was found that clients were provided with too much information within a short period of time.The midwife's approach was evaluated positively.
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