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Design of Composter
Gálová, Kateřina ; Buganská, Tamara (referee) ; Sládek, Josef (advisor)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the design of a garden composter. The main goal is to innovate the design and ergonomic elements to better meet the needs of users. The work is based on an examination of problematic areas of current products on the market. The main benefit of this work is bringing an original way of manipulating individual elements and achieving a non-traditional look with regard to functionality and ergonomics.
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Biodegradation of polyesters and other polymers in soil and compost
Papala, František ; Smilek, Jiří (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This diploma thesis studies the biodegradation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polylactic acid (PLA) within soil and compost environments. The experimental part of this work is concerned with the differences in degradation across environments and the effects of degraded polymers on the environment itself. Experiments revealed that higher temperature and potentially also higher humidity substantially affect the rate of biodegradation. A significant degradation of all the polymers was observed in the compost medium, while polymers within the soil medium did not demonstrate any visible change nor change in mass after the 8th week of experiment. Even though SEM images revealed slow microbial degradation of soil PHB, this was not seen in any of the soil-incubated PLA samples. This might indicate primarily abiotic mechanism of PLA degradation. Germination and grow tests, which used the prepared polymer-enriched compost as a substrate and fertilizer, respectively, did not in most cases reveal any significant differences between individual plants across substrates. This seems to imply that neither the examined polymers nor their degradation products generated during composting are phytotoxic.
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Composting of biodegradable polymers
Hollá, Tereza ; Smilek, Jiří (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with the study of composting of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polylactic acid (PLA). The experimental part focuses on the composting test based on the IS/ISO 20200 standard, in which biopolymers were degraded within 8 weeks. The advantage of the composting test was the unique use of bags for polymer granules, which simplified the handling of samples. The placement of the polymers ensured an even load of compost, which simulated the landfill environment, which also made this experiment exceptional. The use of different methods of analysis ensured the investigation of the influence of compost on the degradation of polymers, but also the influence of polymers on the compost microbiome. In the compost environment all of the studied polymers degraded. After 8 weeks the weight loss of approximately 40 % was detected in PHB. Amorphous PLA degraded completely in the 5th week of experiment, while semicrystalline PLA lost approximately 70 % of its weight in 8 weeks. Using SEM images and SEC analysis, we conclude that PHB degradation was predominantly biological. Degradation of PLA samples was found to be predominantly abiotic. Analysis of compost samples revealed that the enzymatic activity of esterases increased in composts with polymers compared to compost without polymers. The effect of polymers on the microbiome in compost was analyzed using Biolog EcoPlates™. Compost with PHB showed a high ability to adapt to various substrates and microbiome expanded during composting. In the case of a sample with semicrystalline PLA, it was found that in the last week of composting, the ability of microorganisms to adapt and use substrates decreased, which indicates a possible negative effect of this polymer on compost development.
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Biotechnological production of PHA by selected bacterial isolates
Matějka, Filip ; Šedrlová, Zuzana (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) using thermophilic bacterial isolates with designation 34, 35 and BŽ. Bacterial straines were isolated from activated sludge and compost The theoretical part contains a description of PHA, extremophilic bacteria and detection techniques for the determination of polyhydroxyalkanoates. In the experimental part, the presence of the phaC gene, which is crucial for the ability to produce PHA, was first determined by PCR and bacterial strains were also subjected to DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA gene which enabled preliminary taxonomical classification of the isolates. In the next part of the experimental work, the conditions for biomass growth and PHA production were optimized. Suitable carbon source, the ideal temperature for cultivation and the influence of precursors on the production of copolymers were studied and identified. The composition and proportion of PHA were determined spectrophotometrically and by GC-FID. Finally, visual screening of PHA accumulation inside bacterial cells was performed using fluorescence microscopy.
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Design of heat transfer and recovery systems for Thermocompost
Dokoupilová, Bára ; Jícha, Miroslav (referee) ; Fišer, Jan (advisor)
The following master’s thesis examines the use of biothermal energy released during the decomposition process of composting. The aim of this thesis is to explain the heat generation principles of composting, to summarize its consumption possibilities, and to design a suitable use of the source for the demands of a real building. First, the theoretical framework compares various options of the biomass utilization. It then describes the biochemical course of organic matter decomposition, and conceptualizes the term thermocompost as well as different methods of heat extraction. Subsequently, it lists ways of applying this technology in practice. Second, the empirical part uses the findings to propose a compost pile installation, and its connection to the current heating and hot water system in Ecocentre Karpaty in Nová Lhota, Hodonín. Due to the low-temperature nature of the source and the mode of usage of the building, it is recommended to accumulate the heat generated in the hot water storage tank. The preheating of potable water is considered as its primary benefit. In case of sufficiently high temperature of the thermocompost, the design also includes the possibility of preheating of heating water. In conclusion, the thesis evaluates the financial costs of the project and determines the financial savings. These have – due to the low frequency of the building usage and the consumption of hot water reach – relatively low values.
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Biodegradation of bioplasts in compost environment
Vodička, Juraj ; Kovalčík, Adriána (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This master’s thesis focuses on biodegradation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polylactic acid (PLA). The theoretical part discusses an origin, properties and applications of investigated biopolyesters, and so the enzymology of their biodegradation. The experimental part deals with biodegradation of these polymers in liquid medium using several pure thermophilic bacteial strains and controlled composting of these bioplastics. Amongst six tested thermophilic bacterial strains only one showed PHB-biodegradation activity – strain Schlegelella thermodepolymerans. No degradation degree of amorphous or semi-crystalline PLA was observed. Mainly disintegration of both forms of PLA articles was observed in compost environment, thus the abiotic mechanism of its decomposition was indicated. After 4 weeks of composting, the relative weight loss of 99 % and 63 % was detected in amorphous and semi-crystalline PLA respectively. On the contrary, the weight loss of PHB after 4 weeks of composting reached 36 %, moreover, a half decrease of molar mass was observed using SEC. The surface erosive mechanism of PHB-biodegradation was stated using SEM. By monitoring of esterase, lipase and protease activities, no influence on the compost by polymer presence was concluded at statistical significance.
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Vliv technologie kompostování na kvalitu kompostu
PLUCEK, Tomáš
This bachelor thesis deals with the effect of composting technology on the quality of compost. The goal was to determine the CEC (cation Exchange capacity) according to Sandhoff and to create a proposal for the optimal composting technology. It is possible to find the right parameters for creating the right conditons of the composting proces. Samples were taken from three selected plants, from the composting plant Fertia s.r.o., from the Petrůvky, ESKOT T s.r.o. Třebíč composting plant and from composting plant Dubinka AGRO 2000. This thesis also describes the features of the kompost, the nature of the correct composting procedures and composting technology. In order to objectively assess the quality of the composts, the Sandhoffs method of stating the cation exchange capacity was used.
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Vliv technologie kompostování biologicky rozložitelných odpadů na kvalitu kompostu
DVOŘÁK, Zdeněk
The thesis deals with composting and ways of handling biodegradable waste and biodegradable municipal waste. It explains the terms related to composting and processing of BW and BMW and clarifies the difference between humus and primary organic matter and its composition. Furthermore, the thesis covers qualitative and quantitative features of compost, raw material composition of the dump, and factors influencing the process of decomposition itself. The practical part of the thesis describes the quality of the compost from the municipal composting plant Písek. This part also includes a description of the composting plant and a description of the composting process. The main part and the goal of the thesis is to determine the ion-exchange capacity T according to Sandhoff and to suggest the optimal composting technology in the Municipal composting plant Písek.
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Analýza půdní organické hmoty v kambizemi modální po šesti letech každoročního hnojení zemědělským a komunálním kompostem
BROUČKOVÁ, Vlasta
Organically overfertilization cambisoil modal after conversion to kultizem horticka was further fertilized in version P compost industry (communal) and version H compost humus (agricultural) containing 13,72% of humus and 22,78% of the primary organic matter over a period of 6 years dose 50 t / ha annually. Fertilization with an actual compost H in organically fertilized soil reflected not only by increasing the ion exchange capacity of the soil, but also a significant improvement of water regime of soil, manifested by a quarter greater ability to maintain the water in the soil and 44% lower amount of water, physiologically ineffective.
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Hluk z kompostáren
KRAUS, Ladislav
First part of this bachelor thesis is focused on composting, composting facility, utilization of compost, noise and spreading of noise. Second part is focused on measurement of noise in composting facility near the town of Dobřany.
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