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Regiospecific cyclam derivatives for radiomedical and MRI utilizations
Blahut, Jan ; Kotek, Jan (advisor) ; Drahoňovský, Dušan (referee)
Cyclam (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) derivatives are widely used for various purposes. In a medicine they are applied as ligands for radiometals applied as diagnostic or therapeutic agents against tumours, hypoxic brain tissues etc. In this thesis a new method for asymmetric cyclam derivati- ves preparation was developed. New cyclam derivatives with trifluoroethyl groups were prepared too. Paramagnetic metal complexes with these fluori- nated ligands can be used as contrast agents for 19 F-MRI. Keywords: Cyclam; Non-symmetric protection; Contrast agents; Trifluoroethylamines; Paramagnetic relaxation; 19 F-MRI.
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Synthesis of beta-cyclodextrin derivatives for medicinal applications
Popr, Martin ; Jindřich, Jindřich (advisor) ; Veselý, Jan (referee)
Synthesis of monosubstituted β-cyclodextrin derivatives for medicinal applications Abstract This thesis is focused on preparation of a set of β-cyclodextrin derivatives with potential use as scaffolds for a construction of novel MRI contrast agents. Firstly, the skeleton of native β-CD was selectively persubstituted at possitions 6 and equipped with azide functions. Per-6-azido-β-CD was then monosubstituted on secondary face of the macrocycle. (E)-cinnamylbromide and propargylbromide were chosen as suitable reagents. The monosubstitution reaction afforded two types of regioisomers, substituted at position 2I -O- or 3I -O-. These regioisomers were sucessfully separated via preparative column chromatography after peracetylation of all free hydroxyl groups. 2I -O-, 3I -O-formylmethyl- and 3I -O- karboxymethyl- analogues were prepared by oxidative transformation of cinnamyl group. Finally the usability of the formylmethyl- derivative for covalent binding with suitable substrate via reductive amination was confirmed. Keywords: cyclodextrins, monosubstitution, cinnamyl, propargyl, formylmethyl, carboxymethyl, reductive amination, MRI, contrast agents
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Thermal lens spectrometric detection of MRI contrast agents in the process of their photocatalytic degradation
Petruľák, Michal ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Franko, Mladen (advisor)
Diplomová práce je zaměřena na studium degradace kontrastních látek pro magnetickou rezonanci. Tyto látky se dnes ve velké míře používají v oblastech s rozvinutým zdravotnictvím. Můžeme je najít v odtocích z čistíren odpadních vod, což svědčí o tom, že běžné stupně čištění odpadních vod nejsou dostatečně efektivní pro jejich odstranění. O degradaci kontrastních látek na bázi gadolinia je jen málo informací. Fotokatalytický rozklad za pomoci oxidu titaničitého a také ozonace vybrané kontrastní látky gadobutrolu, byl sledován pomocí měření celkového organického uhlíku, mikroskopie termálních čoček a spektrofotometrie.
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Theranostic systems in sonography
Říkovská, Klára ; Pekař, Miloslav (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
This work deals with preparation of microbubble suspension from a mixture of phospholipids, palmitic acid and polyethylene glycol. Properties of prepared systems were studied using bubble tensiometry and dynamic light scattering method and were compared with commercial contrast agent SonoVue®. Suspensions were prepared in various conditions including different atmosphere and increased temperature in some steps of preparation and different solution. Effect of polyethylene glycol addition on surface activity of the system was studied. Surface activity of phospholipids was insignificant. Surface tension decreased with increasing concentration and molecular weight of polyethylene glycol in the system. Effect of different atmosphere and increased temperature showed no substantial trend. It emerged that dynamic light scattering is not suitable for this type of samples because of high polydispersity and phase separation of the system.
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Image Registration - Application in ophthalmology and ultrasonography
Harabiš, Vratislav ; Matula,, Petr (referee) ; Zemčík, Pavel (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
Image registration is widely used in clinical practice. However image registration and its~evaluation is still challenging especially with regards to new possibilities of various modalities. One of these areas is contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging. The time-dependent image contrast, low signal-to-noise ratio and specific speckle pattern make preprocessing and image registration difficult. In this thesis a method for registration of images in ultrasound contrast-enhanced sequences is proposed. The method is based on automatic fragmentation into image subsequences in which the images with similar characteristics are registered. The new evaluation method based on comparison of perfusion model is proposed. Registration and evaluation method was tested on a flow phantom and real patient data and compared with a standard methods proposed i literature. The second part of this thesis contains examples of application of image registration in~ophthalmology and proposition for its improvement. In this area the image registration methods are widely used, especially landmark based image registration method. In this thesis methods for landmark detection and its correspondence estimation are proposed.
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Differentiations in the approach of a radiology assistent to examinations of seniors
HÁZOVÁ, Andrea
Peculiarities in the approach of radiological assistents to the examination of elderly patiens This bachelor thesis shows issues concerning the radiological worker in relation to older people. The title of the work is to specialize in radiology assistant access to seniors. I focused mainly on the need for diagnostic imaging in geriatric patients. These tests are for geriatric patients very important and beneficial in detecting and early identification accurate diagnosis. They are not demanding for the patient and burdensome. The theoretical part deals with a relatively detailed analysis of the life of the elderly in the Czech Republic, the behavior of geriatric patients and the development of his psyche. One chapter is devoted to the mystification of the dangers of digital imaging techniques and the use of contrast agents. Another part is devoted to radiation protection. It also happens that the employee is unwilling, unresponsive to patient and treats him accordingly. So I said examples of good and bad behaviour in hospitals. The old client needs special care which has become a problem for many people. The research part of the thesis has been compiling statistics on the use of diagnostic imaging in geriatric patients in private internal department. In the table are listed the initials of the patient: sex, age, primary diagnosis, type of diagnostic imaging, insurance, the cost of the method and the total price. The results obtained showed that a large proportion of the population uses the most conventional method of radiography, which is not challenging for patients. Traditional radiography, commonly known as the imaging is used in Central Europe from the 2nd half of 90th o f the 20 th century. Traditional radiography, commonly known as the imaging is used in Central Europe from the 2nd half of 90th o f the 20th century. This bachelor study demonstrated that awareness about patient safety, convenience and accessibility are very good.
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