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Rare earth elements in electronic waste
Pospíšilová, Eliška ; Šebek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Strnad, Ladislav (referee)
Rare earth elements consist of 15 lanthanides, Y and Sc. They are currently very important materials in many industrial branches (metalurgy, pollishing). One of these options is the usage as the compound of phosphors in electronic devices (television and computer displays. Because of their manufacturing cost, options of recovery from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) are investigated. This thesis deals with compoud elements of phosphors from displays of type CRT (cathode ray tube) and plasma TV. The 37 samples of phosphors from different displays were taken and processed for study of the compoud elements. Phosphors were separated to 4 subgroups in accordance with the corresponding type of displays: black-and-white CRT television displays (CRT_CB), color CRT television displays (TV_B), color PC displays (PC_B) and monochromatic PC displays (PC_M). The study was carry out by multiple features analysis that combined the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), the resistance furnace with infrared detector (RF-IF) and the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Based on the results of this analysis, main elements and potentionally hazardous elements of phosphors subgroup were defined. Concentration of rare...
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Hodnocení zpětného odběru elektrozařízení, odděleného sběru elektroodpadů a nakládání s nimi za roky 2017 a 2018
Šlégrová, Helena
Článek hodnotí evidenci toku zpětně odebraných elektrozařízení a odděleně sebraných elektroodpadů v rámci České republiky za roky 2017 a 2018. Evidenci jsou povinni zasílat výrobci, poslední prodejci, distributoři a pověření zástupci výrobců elektrických a elektronických zařízení, a to buď sami nebo prostřednictvím kolektivního systému. Podklady pro hodnocení evidence toku elektroodpadů použité v článku byly vzaty z roční zprávy o plnění povinností zpětného odběru elektrozařízení a odděleného sběru elektroodpadů. Cílem článku je zhodnocení nakládání s elektrozařízeními a elektroodpady ve stanovených letech vzhledem ke směrnici Evropského parlamentu a rady 2012/19/EU o odpadních elektrických a elektronických zařízení, která stanovuje minimální úrovně využití, recyklace a přípravy k opětovnému použití elektroodpadů. Z uvedených výsledků vyplývá, že se České republice v roce 2017 a 2018 podařilo splnit stanovené požadavky EU na minimální úroveň využití vyřazených elektrozařízení a úroveň jejich recyklace.
Fulltext:  PDF
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Hodnocení nakládání s elektrozařízeními v rámci zpětného odběru v Jihomoravském kraji
Salnek, Jan
The diploma thesis evaluates the waste management of electrical equipment (WEEE) within the South Moravian Region. The research section describes the legislative framework of applicable legal regulations relating to the given issue. The practical part describes the collection of electrical equipment and the separate collection of electrical waste in the South Moravian Region and in the Czech Republic. The practical part also explores the the Registry of Re-collection Points and describes the EIA process. The recommendations for improvements in the field of return of electrical equipment and separate collection of WEEE are also part of the diploma thesis.
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Zhodnocení vybraných vlastností náplní laserových tiskáren
Janků, Michaela
The diploma thesis in the theoretical part focuses on legislation of elektrowaste production, technology printing, total production laser printers and composition toner powder. In practical part is carried out on the composition of cartridges, the dry matter content, organic carbon, total gross and elementary toner powders of different manufacturers of printers. As a result of the work by evalution basic descriptive statistics that are shown in the diagrams. In conclusion, the results are assessed for possible example of toner powder.
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Vývoj materiálové struktury a nakládání s elektroodpadem
Hylák, Filip
The theme of this diploma thesis is the development of material structure and treatment of e-waste in the Czech Republic. The theoretical background and negative trends in the handling of electrical waste in the world are defined in the literary research. The research is also focused on the current legislation and its historical development. Furthermore, the individual phases of the electrical waste management system are mentioned. The last theoretical part identifies significant material components and their environmental impact. In the part of analytic work there are analyzed the material structures of selected types of historical and modern electrical equipment and their economic value. Based on the data obtained from the analytic work and secondary sources, there will be identified the negative trends that affect competition and set targets for take-back electrical equipment in the Czech Republic. In the discussion part, the possible ways of solving the identified negative tendencies will be proposed.
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Hodnocení nakládání s elektrozařízeními a elektroodpady za rok 2015 a 2016
Šlégrová, Helena
Článek hodnotí evidenci toku zpětně odebraných elektrozařízení a odděleně sebraných elektroodpadů v rámci České republiky za roky 2015 a 2016. Evidenci jsou povinni zasílat výrobci, poslední prodejci, distiributoři a pověření zástupci výrobců elektrických a elektronických zařízení, a to buď sami nebo prostřednictvím kolektivního systému. Podklady pro hodnocení evidence toku elektroodpadů použité v článku byly vzaty z roční zprávy o plnění povinností zpětného odběru elektrozařízení a odděleného sběru elektroodpadů. Cílem článku je zhodnocení nakládání s elektrozařízeními a elektroodpady ve stanovených letech vzhledem ke směrnici Evropského parlamentu a rady 2012/19/EU o odpadních elektrických a elektronických zařízení, která stanovuje minimální úrovně využití, recyklace a přípravy k opětovnému použití elektroodpadů. Z uvedených výsledků vyplývá, že se České republice v roce 2015 a 2016 podařilo splnit stanovené pořadavky EU na minimální úroveň využití vyřazených elektrozařízení a úroveň jejich recyklace.
Fulltext: PDF; PDF
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Systém nakládání s elektroodpadem ve Zlínském kraji
Hylák, Filip
The theme of this bachelor thesis is a treatment of e-waste and batteries in the Zlin region. The literature review describes the theoretical basis and the Czech legislation, which addresses the issue of e-waste and batteries. Consequently, there is mentioned the current system of e-waste collecting at the national level, the impact of e-waste on the environment, the material composition and the recovery of e-waste. The last theoretical section contains a collection efficiency of e-waste. Second part of the thesis describes and evaluates the system of e -waste and batteries collection in the Zlin region. Subsequently, there are mentioned collective systems, which provide the takeback of e-waste in the region. The final part of the thesis evaluates the competition of the manufacturing entities and the development of e-waste production in the area. Based on the controlled interview with the management of the company, which provides e-waste takeback and its processing, there will be defined proposals for more effective implementation of the collection.
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Rare earth elements in electronic waste
Pospíšilová, Eliška ; Šebek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Strnad, Ladislav (referee)
Rare earth elements consist of 15 lanthanides, Y and Sc. They are currently very important materials in many industrial branches (metalurgy, pollishing). One of these options is the usage as the compound of phosphors in electronic devices (television and computer displays. Because of their manufacturing cost, options of recovery from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) are investigated. This thesis deals with compoud elements of phosphors from displays of type CRT (cathode ray tube) and plasma TV. The 37 samples of phosphors from different displays were taken and processed for study of the compoud elements. Phosphors were separated to 4 subgroups in accordance with the corresponding type of displays: black-and-white CRT television displays (CRT_CB), color CRT television displays (TV_B), color PC displays (PC_B) and monochromatic PC displays (PC_M). The study was carry out by multiple features analysis that combined the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), the resistance furnace with infrared detector (RF-IF) and the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Based on the results of this analysis, main elements and potentionally hazardous elements of phosphors subgroup were defined. Concentration of rare...
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Study on the content of hazardous waste in municipal waste in CR
Machová, Daniela ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Černík, Bohumil (referee)
It is quite complicated to evaluate the hazardous waste production and management because the terminology is inconsistent and the legislation differs across countries. This makes it very difficult to compare data among countries and even within the same one. Hence the same data may vary by several tens of percent if they are generated according to different directives. This work deals with evaluation of the production of hazardous waste belonging to the group 20 in Catalogue of wastes. The total production of the hazardous waste from municipalities and citizens (households) is evaluated over a period 2008 - 2011 and the production in the capital city of Prague is for a term of 2006 - 2012. All the types of hazardous waste of the group 20 in Catalogue of wastes cannot be treated individually, due to their high number, and therefore they were arranged into seven groups, which were further processed statistically. The dominant component in both test cases is paint, the total production contains also big amount of electrical waste, fluorescent lamps and batteries. An important part of this work is to compare the composition of household waste originating from three different types of installations - housing estates, mixed and rural. Contrary to my original expectations, the most hazardous waste comes...
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