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Natural forest disturbances palaeoecology
Moravcová, Alice ; Pokorný, Petr (advisor) ; Novák, Jan (referee)
This Bc. thesis deals with the disturbances, which form an integral part of many ecosystems. The main foci are natural disturbances (in contrast to anthropogenic ones) of temperate and boreal forests. I deal with the causes of major disturbancy factors (fires, storms, disease and insect pathogens) and their impact on the ecosystem. I focused in detail on fires, because they represent an essential factor in the development of many ecosystems. Moreover, they can be studied in the past by using several tools of palaeoecological analysis: dendroecology, anthracology and pollen analysis combined with micro-charcoal particles quantification. The last part of the thesis discusses the role of disturbances in the secular succession of Holocene vegetation in Central Europe. It contains a chapter that describes a research strategy focused to the study of natural disturbances through paleoecological methods in a specific location (Rynholec, Central Bohemia). Key words disturbances, vegetation dynamics, fire dynamics, secular succession, palaeoecological methods
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Relative pollen productivity estimates of main tree taxa of Central Europe - assumptions for data collection.
Šourková, Pavlína ; Abraham, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Kuneš, Petr (referee)
Quantitative reconstruction of vegetation from fossil pollen data makes is possible to learn about historical development of the flora of a particular area and, thus, to a certain degree about the climate changes as well. Parameters (the so-called pollen productivities) needed in order to convert the pollen data into the vegetation data can be acquired by calibration from modern samples. The constancy of these parameters in time is assumed on the basis of the principle of uniformitarianism. Due to climatic conditions, however, pollen productivities are not constant in space and must be estimated for each region separately. The pollen and vegetation percentage data can be used to carry out relative pollen productivity estimates (PPE). The relative pollen productivities are related to a reference taxon, which has a value of 1 and vegetation abundance expressed by content units. Relative pollen productivities are estimated by means of the so-called ERV models. Before entering the ERV models, the vegetation data must be weighed by the distance in order to take into account the fact that the more remote plants contribute to the sample with a smaller quantity of pollen than the nearer ones. It is the Prentice-Sugita model of pollen dispersion ant disposition that is currently the most appropriate...
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Utilization of Biology Olympiad in schools and implementation of selected tasks into highschool teaching.
Dvořáková, Darina ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
This thesis deals with the Biology Olympiad and remaking of selected tasks of region round. The remaked tasks can be used in highschool education. The thesis includes theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part provides general information about the Biology Olympiad (BiO), charts the achievements of Czech students in International Biology Olympiad (IBO), includes literary review of selected topics. The practical part encompass four remaked tasks of different topics: Eucaryotic cell as a mosaic, Water in life of animals, Animals' areas and their distribution, History of the flora in Czech Republic. The tasks are processed in the form of worksheets. The worksheets were tested at schools. Knowledge of students was tested by using of created pretests and posttests. The practical part also presents the result of research based on a questionnaire survey focused on the involvement of school in BiO and teachers' opinions on these topics.
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History of vegetational development in the Cheb basin from sedimentary record of the SOOS National Nature Reserve
Suda, Tomáš ; Kuneš, Petr (advisor) ; Bešta, Tomáš (referee)
Vegetation development in the Cheb basin ( W Czech Republic) recorded in the sediments of the SOOS ational ature Reserve This thesis focuses on palaeoecological research of quaternary sediments in the Soos National Nature Reserve (Cheb basin, NW Czech Republic). Quaternary history of this locality is poorly known, despite it is a valuable and protected area with high natural qualities. The Soos basin is also known for its unique geological record, which is expected to cover information on landscape dynamics at least during the Holocene. A lake existed in the Soos basin enabling accumulation of diatomite and peat sediments of a broad palaeoecological potential. Records were analysed with method of pollen analysis and were dated using 14C. The results of this study bring information about vegetation development in the area of Cheb basin as well as development of lake ecosystem. It also gives a new insight on lake's origin and its age. The accumulation of peat sediments started in the Preboreal period and was continuous at least until the Atlantic following with a hiatus, therefore further detection of vegetation development is impossible. The beginning of diatomite accumulation, as well as the existence of the lake goes back to the Bølling interstadial, according to radiocarbon dating. However, this...
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The importance of production and quality of pollen in the summer and late summer for the bee colonies (case studies from around of the village Volary - CHKO Šumava)
PETROVÁ, Jana
Objective of the work was to identify with using pollen analysis botanical origin of bee-colected pollens collected from beehive station Lískovec near the town Volary in the Protected Landscape Area of Šumava. Bee-collected pollens were collected once a week from one honey bee colony with using of a pollen trap. The time of collection was summer and late summer period from 22 June to 11 September 2010. Bee-collected pollens were dried, categorized by color, weighed and observed using the microscope. Pollen grains were determined by the number and type of apertures, shape, sculpture and size. Size of pollen grains was measured on at least 50 pollen grains of one type. In each microscopic slide were counted at least 500 pollen grains. The proportion of plant species in the sample was expressed as a percentage and the importace of plant species was evaluated in the diet of honey bees in the area of interest. Selected samples of bee-collected pollens from beehive station Lískovec and also from beehive station Dobčice were investigated for protein content and amino acid composition. Pollen belonging to Polemonium coeruleum, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens was evaluated as an important source of protein and amino acids for honey bees. The concentration of essential amino acids expressed as percentages of total amount of amino acids did not differ significantly between samples of bee-collected pollen. Another objective of the work was to compare the results from the area of interest with the results processed in the similar study from beehive station Dobčice in the northern area of the landscape Blanský les. The work also includes statistical evaluation of dominance, frequency, Shannon-Wiener index of diversity and variability between samples and species. The work is complemented by photographs of selected pollen grains.
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Antrophic influenced sediments of region Netolicko
TRÁVNÍKOVÁ, Kristýna
This study summarizes the results of geoarchaeological and palaeological research in the Netolice region and presents the results of the field prospection, intensive sampling research, pollen analysis and chronological determination. The study was conducted in basis of an archaeological and palynological literature related to the landscape and central location in Netolice region. Samples from open areas around Netolice were prepared by chemical analysis and further methods were used radiocarbon (14C) dating and spherodial carbonaceous particles (SCP) analysis. The results of the study were set in the context of the historical landscape.
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Mikroskopie medu a ověření jejího potenciálního významu pro zkoušení medu
Ležatka, Michal
This thesis deals with the microscopic analysis of honey and its use in the evaluation and testing of honey. The work is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is devoted to the analysis of pollen and physical and chemical methods of determining the type of honey. The practical part describes the results and compares them. 22 honey samples originating from beekeepers has been shown 17 beekeepers false claims about their type of honey. Of the 7 aldulterated honeys, 4 samples were violated by foreign particles from the environment. Further honeys from the market containing suspicious particles and very critically low pollen grains in 1 g of honey, which points to a adulteration of honey. Unifloral honeys from Olomouc were found honey from satureja (S/2) and lavandula (F/1) containing neither one pollen grain of these plants.
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Med jako součást pečiva a kvalita pekařského medu
Hadravová, Kristýna
Bachelor thesis describes the parameters of honey quality and the effects of varying quality. In the first part there is defined honey and its quality parameters. Describes the physical properties and composition of honey which is important for the final quality of the bakery product. They are mentioned here harmful substances resulting in bread du-ring baking. There is also compared to standard Czech honey and bakery honey decree. The second part focuses on the basic methods of evaluating the quality of honey and bakery honey analysis. The practical part deals with the microscopic analysis of bakery honey and processing the results of the analysis. In this part is also mentioned research monitoring the production of the traditional Czech pastry with honey. Four respondents described the manufacturers of the latest trends and practices in the production of past-ry. The conclusion is devoted to the evaluation results of implementing research and comparison with the standard.
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Important plants in terms of pollen for bee-keeping in the spring and early summer in the area of the protected landscape Šumava
ŠEMRO, Martin
Objective of the work was to identify with using pollen analysis botanical origin of bee pollens. Pollen analysis consisted in the distribution of samples to individual sub-samples . Samples were weighed and a part of them was dissolved in a solution of glycerin and water. Dissolved samples were viewed under a microscope. Pollen was removed by the beekeeper Mgr .Milan Trhlín with using a device called pollen catcher. The samples were collected in the year 2011 in the spring and early summer period from beehive location on the hill Lískovec, of the protected landscape Šumava 1,8 km west of city Volary, at a time of 25. march to 24. june. Another objective of the work was with using phytocenology study, in the distance 1,5 km from the beehive habitat, evaluate the structure of plant association from the point of nutrition honeybees. The work also includes evaluation preference bees for individual plant species. There were detected, that bees prefer the plants that provide the best digest pollen and the plants which grows up to 1,5 km from beehive habitat. There were distinguised 32 types of pollen grains.
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Important plants in terms of pollen for bee-keeping in the summer and late summer aspect in the northern area of the landscape Blanský les
PETROVÁ, Jana
Objective of the work was to identify botanical origin of bee pollens collected from the northern territory of Protected Landscape Area Blanský les by pollen analysis and assess the importance of individual plant species in the diet of honey bee in the range up to 2 km from the beehive. The work also includes statistical analysis, which examined how rich is the preference of bees in the collection of bee pollens, as well as the occuring of plant taxa in the proportion of samples and what is the similarity of sampling and individual plant taxa in terms of preference of bees. There were counted 23 766 different pollen types and plant taxa of bee pollens collected during summer and late summer between 2010 and 2011. The work is complemented by photographs of selected pollen grains.
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